Airbnb has become the affordable housing scapegoat. And yet bans on Airbnb could actually make housing less affordable, particularly for lower income people.
Here's why:
If a community continues to have the same number of tourists, then the higher hotel prices that come after significant limits on short-term accommodations will ultimately lead to the development of more hotels — using space and capital that could be used for residential housing.
There is a always a trade off between space for commerce (including tourist accomodation) and residents, and arguments about short term accomodation taking housing could also be made about people running businesses out of their home or even working out of their home. All of that use takes space, some of which would be otherwise vacant (using the kitchen table during the day to work) and some of which could house a roommate (the spare bedroom turned into a home office could have a renter in it instead).
Affordable housing also requires a thriving economy since affordable relates to not only the price of the housing but the income of the people buying it. No one argues for fewer businesses or fewer jobs, but they do implicitly argue for fewer tourists.
Short-term accomodation increases the elasticity of supply (in econ jargon), meaning that the supply can flexibility respond to price. The beauty of letting families make their own decisions about whether to rent out their home is that when demand changes — for example, when the Olympics come to Paris — then supply can elastically respond. High demand drives prices higher, which will convince some people to stay with friends or family, go on vacation to a less crowded place, or even take in a tourist.
This helps density increase during peak times and allows residents to benefit from the ebb and flow of demand in their community. Without such flexibility, a city would need more hotels to accommodate peak travel season, and then those rooms might sit empty for large parts of the year.
Finally, the rise of short-term rentals is helping to democratize homeownership, which remains the primary source of wealth for most households. Short-term accommodations offer Americans a way to put this wealth to work for them, giving those with less steady or lower incomes another path to home ownership.
Of course we need some regulations to deal with the externalities! Limitations on the number of guests or number of days a property can be rented out, combined with stronger enforcement of local noise ordinances, can help reduce the negative impact on neighbors.
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