Difference Between --save and --save-dev in NodeJS Last Updated : 18 Mar, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report In NodeJS, when you install packages using npm (Node Package Manager), you often need to decide whether to install them as a dependency or devDependency. This is where the flags --save and --save-dev come into play. These flags control where the installed packages are placed in the package.json file and whether they are required in production or development environments.In this article, we will explore the difference between --save and --save-dev, how they impact your project, and when to use each one. We will also explain how these flags affect your dependencies and provide examples to help you make informed decisions.Difference between --save and --save-devHere is a detailed comparison of --save and --save-dev based on various features:Features--save --save-devPurposeAdds the package to dependencies in package.json, indicating it is required in productionAdds the package to devDependencies in package.json, indicating it is only needed during developmentWhen It's UsedFor packages essential for running the application in productionFor packages needed only during development (e.g., testing frameworks, build tools)Location in package.jsonAdded under the "dependencies" section.Added under the "devDependencies" section.Effect on node_modules FolderIt increases in size as production dependencies are installed.Also increases its size, but these dependencies are ignored in production.Production DeploymentInstalled when deploying or running the app in productionNot installed in production, reducing the size of production dependenciesExamples of Packagesexpress, mongoose, cors, jsonwebtokenjest, mocha, chai, eslint, webpackDefault in npm 5 and LaterBy default, npm adds packages to dependencies even without the --save flagMust explicitly use --save-dev to add to devDependenciesWhat is --save?In earlier versions of npm (before version 5), the --save flag was required to indicate that a package should be installed as a dependency in the package.json file. When you install a package with --save, it is added to the dependencies section of the package.json. These packages are essential for the core functionality of your application and are required when running the app in both development and production environments.Since npm version 5 and later, the --save flag is no longer necessary. By default, npm adds the installed package to dependencies without needing to specify --save.Key Features of --saveInstalls the package and adds it to the "dependencies" section in package.json.Ensures the package is installed when running npm install in a cloned repository.Required for production environments.Example of Using --savenpm install express --saveThis command installs the express package and adds it to the dependencies section in the package.json"dependencies": { "express": "^4.17.3" } Key Points--save adds a package to dependencies in the package.json.Packages installed with --save are required in both development and production environments.What is --save-dev?The --save-dev flag is used to install a package as a development dependency. Development dependencies are not necessary for the application to run in production but are required during the development process. These dependencies are typically used for tools like testing frameworks, build tools, linters, and other utilities that required in development but are not needed in the production environment.When you install a package with --save-dev, it is added to the devDependencies section of the package.json.Example of Using --save-devnpm install jest --save-devThis command installs the jest package and adds it to the devDependencies section in the package.json:"devDependencies": { "jest": "^27.0.6" } Key Points--save-dev adds a package to devDependencies in the package.json.Packages installed with --save-dev are only needed during development and are not installed when the app is deployed in production.Key Differences Between --save and --save-dev1. Purpose and Use Case--save: Used for installing packages that are necessary for running the application in both development and production (e.g., frameworks, databases).--save-dev: Used for installing packages that are only needed during the development phase (e.g., testing tools, build systems, code linters).2. Location in package.json--save: Adds the package to the dependencies section in package.json.--save-dev: Adds the package to the devDependencies section in package.json.3. Impact on Production Deployment--save: Packages installed with --save are included when deploying the application in production.--save-dev: Packages installed with --save-dev are excluded when the application is deployed in production, making the production environment cleaner.4. Example of Use--save: Used when installing core libraries like express, react, or mongodb, which are required for your app to run.--save-dev: Used when installing tools like webpack, babel, or eslint, which help with the development process but aren’t needed in production.5. Default Behavior in npm 5+--save: Since npm 5, the --save flag is no longer required. By default, npm adds installed packages to dependencies in package.json.--save-dev: This flag is still necessary to install packages as development dependencies.When to Use --save?Use npm install package (default --save) when:The package is needed in production.It is part of the core application (e.g., frameworks, database clients, authentication tools).You want it installed when running the project in any environment.Examples: express, mongoose, jsonwebtoken, corsWhen to Use --save-dev?Use npm install package --save-dev when:The package is only needed for development (e.g., testing, debugging, building).It should not be included in production to keep the build lightweight.You need linters, testing libraries, or build tools.Examples: jest, eslint, prettier, webpackConclusionThe --save and --save-dev flags in Node.js are important for managing your project's dependencies in an organized manner. --save is used for installing packages that are essential for the core functionality of your application and should be included in production. --save-dev, on the other hand, is used for packages that are only necessary during development and should not be included in the production environment.With npm 5+, the --save flag is now the default behavior, and you no longer need to explicitly specify it. Understanding the difference between runtime dependencies and development dependencies is important for keeping your production environment clean and efficient, while also ensuring that you have the right tools available during development. Comment More infoAdvertise with us Next Article Difference Between --save and --save-dev in NodeJS S shaswat178 Follow Improve Article Tags : Web Technologies Node.js Node.js-Misc Node.js-Basics Similar Reads Node.js Tutorial Node.js is a powerful, open-source, and cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment built on Chrome's V8 engine. It allows you to run JavaScript code outside the browser, making it ideal for building scalable server-side and networking applications.JavaScript was earlier mainly used for frontend d 4 min read Node.js BasicNodeJS IntroductionNodeJS is a runtime environment for executing JavaScript outside the browser, built on the V8 JavaScript engine. 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The assert.doesNotThrow() function asserts that the function fn does not throw an error. Syntax: assert.doesNotThrow(fn[, error][, message]) Parameters: This function accepts the following parameters as mentioned above 3 min read Node.js assert.equal() FunctionThe assert module provides a set of assertion functions for verifying invariants. The assert.equal() function tests for equality between the actual and the expected parameters. If the condition is true it will not produce an output else an assertion error is raised. Syntax: assert.equal(actual, exp 2 min read Node.js assert.ifError() FunctionThe assert module provides a set of assertion functions for verifying invariants. The assert.ifError() function throws value if value is not undefined or null. When testing the error argument in callbacks, this function is very useful.Syntax:  assert.ifError(value) value: This parameter holds the ac 2 min read Node.js assert.match() FunctionThe assert module provides a set of assertion functions for verifying invariants. The assert.match() function expects the string input to match the regular expression. If the condition is true it will not produce an output else an assertion error is raised. Syntax: assert.match(string, regexp[, mes 2 min read Node.js assert.notDeepEqual() FunctionThe assert module provides a set of assertion functions for verifying invariants. The assert.notDeepEqual() function tests deep strict inequality between the actual and the expected parameters. If the condition is true it will not produce an output else an assertion error is raised.Syntax: assert.no 2 min read Node.js Assert Complete ReferenceAssert module in Node.js provides a bunch of facilities that are useful for the assertion of the function. The assert module provides a set of assertion functions for verifying invariants. If the condition is true it will output nothing else an assertion error is given by the console. Example: JavaS 2 min read Node.js Buffer ModuleNode.js BuffersNode.js Buffers are used to handle binary data directly in memory. They provide a way to work with raw binary data streams efficiently, crucial for I/O operations, such as reading from files or receiving data over a network.Buffers in Node.jsBuffers are instances of the Buffer class in Node.js. Buff 4 min read Node.js Buffer.copy() MethodBuffer is a temporary memory storage that stores the data when it is being moved from one place to another. It is like an array of integers. The Buffer.copy() method simply copies all the values from the input buffer to another buffer. 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Retur 1 min read Node.js Buffer.subarray() MethodThe buffer.subarray() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the buffer module which is used to crop a part of array i.e. create sub-array from an array.Syntax:  Buffer.subarray( starting_index, ending_index ) Parameters: This method has two parameters as mentioned above and desc 3 min read Node.js Buffer.readIntBE() MethodThe Buffer.readIntBE() method is used to read the number of bytes for a buffer at a given offset and interprets the result as a two's complement signed value. Syntax: buffer.readIntBE( offset, byteLen ) Parameters: This method accepts two parameters as mentioned above and described below: offset: It 2 min read Node.js Buffer.write() MethodThe Buffer.write() method writes the specified string into a buffer, at the specified position. If buffer did not contain enough space to fit the entire string, only part of string will be written. However, partially encoded characters will not be written. Syntax: buffer.write( string, offset, lengt 2 min read Node.js Buffer Complete ReferenceBuffers are instances of the Buffer class in Node.js. Buffers are designed to handle binary raw data. Buffers allocate raw memory outside the V8 heap. Buffer class is a global class so it can be used without importing the Buffer module in an application. Example: JavaScript <script> // Node.js 8 min read Node.js Console ModuleNode.js ConsoleThe console module is essential for debugging and logging in Node.js applications. It enables developers to print messages to the terminal, making it easier to monitor application behavior, track issues, and display runtime information.Console in Node.js The console module in Node.js is a built-in u 4 min read Node.js console.assert() MethodThe console.assert() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the console module which is used to assert value passed to it as a parameter, i.e. it checks whether the value is true or not, and prints an error message, if provided and failed to assert the value. Syntax: console.asse 2 min read Node.js console.clear() MethodThe console.clear() method is used to clear the stdout, when stdout is a TTY (Teletype) i.e. terminal it will attempt to clear the TTY. When stdout is not a TTY, this method does nothing. The console.clear() will work differently across different operating systems and terminal types. For Linux opera 1 min read Node.js console.count() MethodThe console.count() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the console module which is used to count label passed to it as a parameter, by maintaining an internal counter for that specific label. Syntax: console.count(label) Parameters: This method has one parameter as mentioned a 2 min read Node.js console.countReset() MethodThe console.countReset() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the console module which is used to reset the count for the specific label passed to it as a parameter. Syntax: console.countReset( label ); Parameters: This method has one parameter as mentioned above and described b 2 min read Node.js console.debug() MethodThe console.debug() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the console module which is used to print messages to stdout in a newline. Similar to the console.log() method. Syntax: console.debug(data, args); Parameters: This method has two parameters as mentioned above and described 2 min read Node.js console.dir() MethodThe console.dir() method is used to get the list of object properties of a specified object. These object properties also have child objects, from which you can inspect for further information. Syntax: console.dir( object ) Parameters: This method accepts single parameter which holds the object elem 1 min read Node.js console.error() FunctionThe console.error() function from the console class of Node.js is used to display an error message on the console. It prints to stderr with a newline. Syntax: console.error([data][, ...args]) Parameter: This function can contain multiple parameters. The first parameter is used for the primary messa 1 min read Node.js console.info() MethodThe console.info() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the console module which is used to print messages to stdout in a newline. It is similar to the console.log() method. Syntax: console.info(data, args); Parameters: This method has two parameters as mentioned above and descr 2 min read Node.js Console Complete ReferenceThe console module in Node.js provides a set of functions to output information to the terminal or command line, helping with debugging and logging. It is a built-in utility that is essential for monitoring and troubleshooting Node.js applications.It is a global object that provides a simple debuggi 4 min read Node.js Crypto ModuleNode.js cipher.final() MethodThe cipher.final() method in Node.js is used to signal to the cipher object that the encryption or decryption process is complete. This method must be called after all data has been passed to the cipher object using the cipher.update() method. The cipher.final() method returns the remaining encrypte 2 min read Node.js cipher.update() MethodThe cipher.update() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of class Cipher within crypto module which is used to update the cipher with data according to the given encoding format. Syntax: const cipher.update(data[, inputEncoding][, outputEncoding]) Parameters: This method takes the 2 min read Node.js crypto.getCiphers() MethodThe crypto.getCiphers() method returns an array the names of all the supported cipher algorithms. Syntax: crypto.getCiphers() Parameters: This method doesn't accepts any parameters. Return Value: It returns the names of all the supported cipher algorithms. Below example illustrate the use of crypto. 2 min read Node.js crypto.createDecipheriv() MethodThe crypto.createDecipheriv() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of crypto module which is used to create a Decipher object, with the stated algorithm, key and initialization vector i.e, (iv). Syntax: crypto.createDecipheriv( algorithm, key, iv, options ) Parameters: This method 3 min read Node crypto.createCipheriv() MethodThe crypto.createCipheriv() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the crypto module which is used to create a Cipher object, with the stated algorithm, key, and initialization vector (iv).Syntax: crypto.createCipheriv( algorithm, key, iv, options )Parameters: This method accepts 2 min read Node.js crypto.getDiffieHellman() MethodThe crypto.getDiffieHellman() method is used to create a predefined DiffieHellmanGroup key exchange object. Here, the favored groups are 'modp1', 'modp2', 'modp5', which are defined in RFC 2412 and 'modp14', 'modp15', 'modp16', 'modp17', 'modp18', defined in RFC 3526. Syntax: crypto.getDiffieHellman 2 min read Node.js crypto.pbkdf2() MethodThe crypto.pbkdf2() method gives an asynchronous Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 i.e. (PBKDF2) implementation. Moreover, a particular HMAC digest algorithm which is defined by digest is implemented to derive a key of the required byte length (keylen) from the stated password, salt, and iter 2 min read Node crypto.createHash() MethodThe crypto.createHash() method is used to create a Hash object that can be used to create hash digests by using the stated algorithm. Syntax:crypto.createHash( algorithm, options )Parameters: This method accepts two parameters as mentioned above and described below:algorithm: It is dependent on the 2 min read Node.js crypto.createHmac() MethodThe crypto.createHmac() method is used to create an Hmac object that uses the stated 'algorithm' and 'key'.Syntax:crypto.createHmac( algorithm, key, options )Parameters: This method accepts three parameters as mentioned above and described below:algorithm: It is dependent on the accessible algorithm 2 min read Node.js Crypto Complete ReferenceNode.js crypto module handles cryptographic functionality. Cryptography is an important aspect when we deal with network security. âCryptoâ means secret or hidden. Cryptography is the science of secret writing with the intention of keeping the data secret. Example: JavaScript <script> // Node. 5 min read Node.js DNS ModuleNode.js DNSNode.js DNS (Domain Name System) module provides methods for performing DNS lookups and working with domain names. It allows you to resolve domain names into IP addresses and vice versa, which is essential for network communications and server management.DNS Module in Node.jsThe DNS module in Node.j 3 min read Node.js dns.getServers() MethodThe dns.getServers() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the dns module which is used to get IP addresses of the current server.Syntax:  dns.getServers() Parameters: This method does not accept any parameters.Return: This method returns an array of IP addresses in RFC 5952 for 1 min read Node.js dns.lookup() MethodThe dns.lookup() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the dns module which is used to resolve IP addresses of the specified hostname for given parameters into the first found A (IPv4) or AAAA (IPv6) record. Syntax:dns.lookup( hostname, options, callback )Parameters: This method 3 min read Node.js dns.lookupService() MethodThe dns.lookupService() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the dns module which is used to resolve the addresses and port number to hostname using operating system's underlying getnameinfo implementation. Syntax: dns.lookupService( address, port, callback ) Parameters: This me 2 min read Node.js dns.resolve() MethodThe dns.resolve() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the dns module which is used to resolve hostname into an array of the resource records. Syntax:dns.resolve( hostname, rrtype, callback )Parameters: This method accept three parameters as mentioned above and described below: 3 min read Node.js dns.resolve4() MethodThe dns.resolve4() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the dns module which is used to resolve IPv4 address ('A' record) for the specified hostname using DNS protocol. Syntax:dns.resolve4( hostname, options, callback )Parameters: This method accept three parameters as mentioned 2 min read Node.js dns.resolve6() MethodThe dns.resolve6() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the dns module which is used to resolve IPv6 address ('AAAA' record) for the specified hostname using DNS protocol. Syntax: dns.resolve6( hostname, options, callback ) Parameters: This method accept three parameters as ment 2 min read Node.js dns.resolveAny() MethodThe dns.resolveAny() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the dns module which is used to resolve all records (i.e. 'ANY' or '*') for the specified hostname using DNS protocol. Syntax: dns.resolveAny( hostname, callback ) Parameters: This method has two parameters as mentioned a 2 min read Node.js dns.resolveCname() MethodThe dns.resolveCname() method is an inbuilt application programming interface of the dns module which is used to resolve CNAME records for the specified hostname using DNS protocol. Syntax: dns.resolveCname( hostname, callback ) Parameters: This method has two parameters as mentioned above and descr 2 min read Node.js DNS Complete ReferenceNode.js DNS is a node module used to do name resolution facility which is provided by the operating system as well as used to do an actual DNS lookup.Example:JavaScript<script> // Node.js program to demonstrate the // dns.resolve() method // Accessing dns module const dns = require('dns'); // 3 min read Node.js File System ModuleNode.js File SystemThe fs (File System) module in Node.js provides an API for interacting with the file system. It allows you to perform operations such as reading, writing, updating, and deleting files and directories, which are essential for server-side applications and scripts.Table of ContentNode.js file systemKey 9 min read Node JS fs.readFile() MethodâIn Node.js, the fs.readFile() method is a fundamental tool for reading files asynchronously, allowing your application to remain responsive while accessing file data. This method is part of Node.js's File System (fs) module, which provides an API for interacting with the file system.Syntaxfs.readFi 3 min read Node.js fs.exists() MethodThe fs exists method in node is used to check if the input file or the directory exists or not. It is an inbuilt application programming interface of fs module which provides an API for interacting with the file system in a manner closely modeled around POSIX functions. 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If len represents a length shorter than the file's current length, the file is truncated to that length. If i 2 min read Node.js fs.renameSync() MethodIn Node.js, the fs.renameSync() method is part of the built-in File System (fs) module and is used to rename or move files and directories synchronously. This method is useful when you need to quickly change a file's name or move it to a different directory synchronously. It blocks the execution of 3 min read Node.js fs.rmdir() MethodThe fs.rmdir() method is used to delete a directory at the given path. It can also be used recursively to remove nested directories.Syntax: fs.rmdir( path, options, callback )Parameters: This method accepts three parameters as mentioned above and described below: path: It holds the path of the direc 3 min read Node.js fs.stat() MethodThe fs.stat() method is used to return information about the given file or directory. It returns an fs.Stat object which has several properties and methods to get details about the file or directory. Syntax:fs.stat( path, options, callback )Parameters: This method accept three parameters as mentione 3 min read Node.js File System Complete ReferenceNode.js File System module is used to handle file operations like creating, reading, deleting, etc. Node.js provides an inbuilt module called FS (File System). Node.js gives the functionality of file I/O by providing wrappers around the standard POSIX functions. All file system operations can have s 15+ min read Node.js GlobalsNode.js Timers moduleThe Timers module in Node.js contains various functions that allow us to execute a block of code or a function after a set period of time. The Timers module is global, we do not need to use require() to import it. The timers module has the following functions: Scheduling Timers: It is used to call 3 min read Import and Export in Node.jsImporting and exporting files are important parts of any programming language. Importing functions or modules enhances the reusability of code. When the application grows in size, maintaining a single file with all the functions and logic becomes difficult. It also hinders the process of debugging. 3 min read Node Export ModuleIn NodeJS, module.exports is used to share functions, objects, or values from one file to the other file so that other files can use them. This is an essential part of organizing and reusing code across different parts of your application, making it easier to manage and maintain.Hereâs how exporting 5 min read Node.js URL() MethodThe 'url' module provides utilities for URL resolution and parsing. The getters and setters implement the properties of URL objects on the class prototype, and the URL class is available on the global object. The new URL() (Added in v7.0.0, v6.13.0) method is an inbuilt application programming inter 3 min read Node.js URLsearchParams APINode.js is an open-source project widely used for the development of dynamic web applications. The URLSearchParams API in Node.js allows read and write operations on the URL query. The URLSearchParams class is a global object and used with one of the four following constructors. Constructors: new UR 4 min read Node.js Globals Complete ReferenceNode.js Global Objects are the objects that are available in all modules. Global Objects are built-in objects that are part of the JavaScript and can be used directly in the application without importing any particular module. Example: It repeats the execution of the callback after every t time in m 2 min read Node.js HTTP ModuleNodeJS HTTP ModuleIn NodeJS, the HTTP module is a core built-in module that enables developers to create and manage HTTP servers. It plays a crucial role in handling server-side HTTP requests and responses, allowing for seamless communication between clients and servers. In this article, we will dive into the NodeJS 5 min read Node.js new Agent() MethodThe Node.js HTTP API is low-level so that it could support the HTTP applications. In order to access and use the HTTP server and client, we need to call them (by ârequire(âhttpâ)â). HTTP message headers are represented as JSON Format. The new Agent({}) (Added in v0.3.4) method is an inbuilt applicat 4 min read Node.js agent.createConnection() MethodThe Node.js HTTP API is low-level so that it could support the HTTP applications. In order to access and use the HTTP server and client, we need to call them (by ârequire(âhttpâ)â). HTTP message headers are represented as JSON Format. The agent.createConnection() (Added in v0.11.4) method is an inbu 2 min read Node.js agent.maxSockets MethodThe Node.js HTTP API is low-level so that it could support the HTTP applications. In order to access and use the HTTP server and client, we need to call them (by ârequire(âhttpâ)â). HTTP message headers are represented as JSON Format. The agent.maxSockets (Added in v0.3.6) method is an inbuilt appli 2 min read Node.js agent.maxFreeSockets MethodThe Node.js HTTP API is low-level so that it could support the HTTP applications. In order to access and use the HTTP server and client, we need to call them (by ârequire(âhttpâ)â). HTTP message headers are represented as JSON Format. The agent.maxFreeSockets (Added in v0.11.7) method is an inbuilt 2 min read Node.js http.ClientRequest.abort() MethodThe http.ClientRequest.abort() is an inbuilt application programming interface of class Client Request within http module which is used to abort the client request. Syntax: ClientRequest.abort() Parameters: This method does not accept any argument as a parameter. Return Value: This method does not r 2 min read Node.js http.ClientRequest.connection PropertyThe http.ClientRequest.connection is an inbuilt application programming interface of class ClientRequest within the HTTP module which is used to get the reference of underlying client request socket. Syntax: const request.connectionParameters: It does not accept any argument as the parameter. Return 2 min read Node.js http.ClientRequest.protocol MethodThe http.ClientRequest.protocol is an inbuilt application programming interface of class ClientRequest within the HTTP module which is used to get the object of client request protocol. Syntax: const request.protocolParameters: This function does not accept any argument as a parameter. Return Value: 2 min read Node.js http.ClientRequest.aborted PropertyThe http.ClientRequest.aborted is an inbuilt application programming interface of class Client Request within http module which is used to check if the client request has been aborted or not. Syntax: request.aborted Parameters: It does not accept any argument as a parameter. Return Value: It does no 2 min read Node.js HTTP Module Complete ReferenceTo make HTTP requests in Node.js, there is a built-in module HTTP in Node.js to transfer data over the HTTP. To use the HTTP server in the node, we need to require the HTTP module. The HTTP module creates an HTTP server that listens to server ports and gives a response back to the client. Example: J 4 min read Like