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How to Handle Alert in Selenium using Java?

Last Updated : 28 Jul, 2025
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In Selenium WebDriver, handling alerts is a common requirement for automating interactions with web applications. An Alert is nothing but a small message box that appears on the screen to give some kind of information and give a warning for a potentially damaging operation or permission to perform that operation.

These alerts classified into three types:

  1. Simple Alert
  2. Prompt Alert
  3. Confirmation Alert

1. Simple Alert

The simple alert in selenium shows some information or warning on the window.

Simple Alert

2. Confirmation Alert

The confirmation alert asks for the permission to do some type of operations.

Confirmation alert

3. Prompt Alert

Prompt Alert asks some input from the user.

Prompt Alert

Methods of Handing Alerts in Selenium

There are the four methods that we would be using along with the Alert interface.

1. void dismiss()

The void dismiss method is used to click on the ‘Cancel’ button of the alert.

Java 
driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss();

2. void accept() 

The void accept method is used to click on the ‘OK' button of the alert.

Java 
driver.switchTo().alert().accept();

3. String getText() 

The void accept method is used to capture the alert message..

Java 
driver.switchTo().alert().getText();

4. void sendKeys(String stringToSend)

It is used to send some data to the prompt alert.

Java 
driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("Text");

Prerequisites

Before Handling alerts please download and make sure you have setup the below dependency for the automation of alerts.

  1. Java JDK, If you don’t have, to install Java refer to this: Download & Install Java.
  2. Install Eclipse IDE by referring to this article: Install Eclipse.
  3. Download the latest stable version of Selenium: Selenium Official Download Page.
  4. Download the Chrome WebDriver according to your version Here.
  5. Before handling alerts, you have to learn first to Open Chrome Browser Using Selenium.

Example of Alert Handling Using Selenium

let's first set up a basic Selenium test environment with Java. Below is a basic structure of how to set up a WebDriver instance for running the tests.

BaseTest.java

Java 
package io.learn;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

public class BaseTest {

    protected WebDriver driver;

    // Set up the ChromeDriver
    @BeforeMethod
    public void setup() {
        // Set the path to your chromedriver executable
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Users\\path of the chromedriver\\drivers\\chromedriver.exe");
        
        // Initialize the ChromeDriver
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
    }

    // Close the browser after each test
    @AfterMethod
    public void teardown() {
        if (driver != null) {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

In BaseTest setup, the ChromeDriver is initialized, and the WebDriver is configured to open and close the browser automatically for each test.

Create class AlertTest.java, and combined the three types of alerts:

  1. Simple Alert: This alert shows a message and has only an "OK" button. We click the button to trigger the alert, then switch to the alert, verify its message, and accept it.
  2. Confirmation Alert: This alert asks a user to confirm or cancel an action, with "OK" and "Cancel" options. We click the button to open the confirmation alert, verify its message, and dismiss the alert (selecting "Cancel").
  3. Prompt Alert: This alert asks the user to enter some text. We click the button to open the prompt alert, enter some text in the input field, and accept the alert to submit the text.

AlertTest.java

Java 
package io.learn.alerts;

import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import io.learn.BaseTest;

public class AlertTest extends BaseTest {
    String URl1 = "https://bonigarcia.dev/selenium-webdriver-java/dialog-boxes.html";

    @Test
    void testAlert() {
        driver.get(URl1);
        driver.findElement(By.id("my-alert")).click(); // Triggering simple alert
        
        // Handling the alert
        Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
        Assert.assertEquals(alert.getText(), "Hello world!");
        alert.accept(); // Accept the alert (click OK)
        System.out.println("Simple Alert Executed Successfully");
    }

    @Test
    void testConfirm() {
        driver.get(URl1);
        driver.findElement(By.id("my-confirm")).click(); // Triggering confirmation alert

        // Handling the confirmation alert
        Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert();
        Assert.assertEquals(confirm.getText(), "Is this correct?");
        confirm.dismiss(); // Dismiss the alert (click Cancel)
        System.out.println("Confirmation Alert Executed Successfully");
    }

    @Test
    public void testPromptAlert() {
        driver.get(URl1);
        driver.findElement(By.id("my-prompt")).click(); // Triggering prompt alert
        
        // Handling the prompt alert
        Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert();
        prompt.sendKeys("vaibhav"); // Enter text in the prompt
        prompt.accept(); // Accept the prompt (click OK)
        System.out.println("Prompt Alert Executed Successfully");
    }
}

Output

Output-of-Handling-Alerts
Output of Handling Alerts

Handling Alert GetText and Validation

In many scenarios, you may need to get the message of an alert to perform some validation. Selenium provides the getText() method for this purpose.

AlertGetText.java

Java 
package io.learn.alerts;

import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import io.learn.BaseTest;

public class AlertGetText extends BaseTest {

    @Test
    void testConfirm() {
        driver.get("https://bonigarcia.dev/selenium-webdriver-java/dialog-boxes.html");
        driver.findElement(By.id("my-confirm")).click(); // Clicking the confirmation alert button

        // Switch to the confirmation alert
        Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert();

        // Get and validate the text of the alert
        Assert.assertEquals(confirm.getText(), "Is this correct?");
        System.out.println(confirm.getText());

        // Dismiss the alert (clicking "Cancel")
        confirm.dismiss();
        System.out.println("Confirmation Alert Executed Successfully");
    }
}


Output-of-Get-Text-in-selenium-WebDriver
Output of Get Text in selenium WebDriver

Handling alerts is a fundamental skill for any Selenium WebDriver user. Whether it's a simple message alert, a confirmation alert, or a prompt requiring user input, Selenium offers straightforward methods to interact with them effectively in the automation testing.


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