Python Swagger Annotations for API Documentation Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report Your API documentation and specification capabilities can be substantially improved by using Python's FastAPI with Swagger annotations. This comprehensive tutorial covers all the bases, from introduction to execution.In the context of Python, Swagger annotations are often used in combination with frameworks like Flask or Django to automatically generate API documentation. Here’s a breakdown of some common Swagger annotations and their purposes:Common Swagger Annotations@swagger.operation: Defines a single operation on an API path.@swagger.doc: Provides detailed documentation for the API operation.@swagger.parameters: Describes the parameters required for the API operation.@swagger.responses: Describes the possible responses returned by the API operation.@swagger.security: Defines security requirements for the API operation.How These Annotations WorkDocstrings: The docstrings (triple-quoted strings) are used to describe the purpose of the method. When processed by tools like Flask-Swagger, these strings are parsed to generate the API documentation.Swagger Specific Annotations: Within these docstrings, we use the --- separator followed by YAML syntax to specify Swagger-specific metadata such as tags, parameters, and responses.Example of Swagger Annotations in PythonHere’s an example using Flask and the Flask-RESTful extension to demonstrate how Swagger annotations can be applied:Import Libraryfrom flask import Flask, jsonify, requestfrom flask_restful import Api, Resourcefrom flask_swagger import swaggerCreating app and defining data Python app = Flask(__name__) api = Api(app) books = [ {"id": 1, "title": "1984", "author": "George Orwell"}, {"id": 2, "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "author": "Harper Lee"} ] Integrating Swagger for API DocumentationTo integrate Swagger with Flask, we need to use Swagger annotations to document our API.This annotation categorizes the endpoints under the "books" tag.This section describes the parameters for the endpoint. In the get method, book_id is a path parameter required to fetch a specific book.This annotation describes the possible responses from the endpoint. For a successful operation (HTTP 200), it returns a book object. If the book is not found, it returns a 404 error with a relevant description. Python class Book(Resource): def get(self, book_id): """ Get a book by ID --- tags: - books parameters: - name: book_id in: path type: integer required: true description: The ID of the book to retrieve responses: 200: description: A single book schema: type: object properties: id: type: integer title: type: string author: type: string 404: description: Book not found """ book = next((book for book in books if book["id"] == book_id), None) if book: return jsonify(book) return {"message": "Book not found"}, 404 def post(self): """ Add a new book --- tags: - books parameters: - name: body in: body required: true description: The book to create schema: type: object properties: id: type: integer title: type: string author: type: string responses: 201: description: Book created """ new_book = request.get_json() books.append(new_book) return new_book, 201 Complete Code Python from flask import Flask, jsonify, request from flask_restful import Api, Resource from flask_swagger import swagger app = Flask(__name__) api = Api(app) books = [ {"id": 1, "title": "1984", "author": "George Orwell"}, {"id": 2, "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "author": "Harper Lee"} ] class Book(Resource): def get(self, book_id): """ Get a book by ID --- tags: - books parameters: - name: book_id in: path type: integer required: true description: The ID of the book to retrieve responses: 200: description: A single book schema: type: object properties: id: type: integer title: type: string author: type: string 404: description: Book not found """ book = next((book for book in books if book["id"] == book_id), None) if book: return jsonify(book) return {"message": "Book not found"}, 404 def post(self): """ Add a new book --- tags: - books parameters: - name: body in: body required: true description: The book to create schema: type: object properties: id: type: integer title: type: string author: type: string responses: 201: description: Book created """ new_book = request.get_json() books.append(new_book) return new_book, 201 api.add_resource(Book, "/book/<int:book_id>") @app.route("/spec") def spec(): return jsonify(swagger(app)) if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(debug=True) Output Python Benefits of Using Swagger AnnotationsConsistency: Documentation is generated directly from the code, ensuring it is always up-to-date.Interactivity: Swagger UI provides a web interface to interact with the API, making it easier for developers to test and understand the endpoints.Automation: Reduces the need for manually writing and maintaining separate documentation.Clarity: Provides clear and detailed descriptions of the API endpoints, parameters, and responses. 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