How to generate 2-D Gaussian array using NumPy? Last Updated : 15 Jul, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report In this article, let us discuss how to generate a 2-D Gaussian array using NumPy. To create a 2 D Gaussian array using the Numpy python module.Functions used:numpy.meshgrid()- It is used to create a rectangular grid out of two given one-dimensional arrays representing the Cartesian indexing or Matrix indexing. Syntax:numpy.meshgrid(*xi, copy=True, sparse=False, indexing='xy') numpy.linspace()- returns number spaces evenly w.r.t interval.Syntax:numpy.linspace(start, stop, num = 50, endpoint = True, retstep = False, dtype = None) numpy.exp()- this mathematical function helps the user to calculate the exponential of all the elements in the input array.Syntax:numpy.exp(array, out = None, where = True, casting = ‘same_kind’, order = ‘K’, dtype = None) Example 1: Python import numpy as np def gaussian_filter(kernel_size, sigma=1, muu=0): # Initializing value of x, y as grid of kernel size in the range of kernel size x, y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-1, 1, kernel_size), np.linspace(-1, 1, kernel_size)) dst = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2) # Normal part of the Gaussian function normal = 1 / (2 * np.pi * sigma**2) # Calculating Gaussian filter gauss = np.exp(-((dst - muu)**2 / (2.0 * sigma**2))) * normal return gauss # Return the calculated Gaussian filter # Example usage: kernel_size = 5 gaussian = gaussian_filter(kernel_size) print("Gaussian filter of {} X {}:".format(kernel_size, kernel_size)) print(gaussian) OutputGaussian filter of 5 X 5: [[0.05854983 0.0851895 0.09653235 0.0851895 0.05854983] [0.0851895 0.12394999 0.14045374 0.12394999 0.0851895 ] [0.09653235 0.14045374 0.15915494 0.14045374 0.09653235] ...Example 2: Python import numpy as np def gaussian_filter(kernel_size, sigma=1, muu=0): # Initializing value of x, y as grid of kernel size in the range of kernel size x, y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-2, 2, kernel_size), np.linspace(-2, 2, kernel_size)) dst = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2) # Normal part of the Gaussian function normal = 1 / (2 * np.pi * sigma**2) # Calculating Gaussian filter gauss = np.exp(-((dst - muu)**2 / (2.0 * sigma**2))) * normal return gauss # Return the calculated Gaussian filter # Example usage: kernel_size = 3 gaussian = gaussian_filter(kernel_size=kernel_size) print("Gaussian filter of {} X {}:".format(kernel_size, kernel_size)) print(gaussian) OutputGaussian filter of 3 X 3: [[0.00291502 0.02153928 0.00291502] [0.02153928 0.15915494 0.02153928] [0.00291502 0.02153928 0.00291502]] Comment More info V vanshgaur14866 Follow Improve Article Tags : Python Python-numpy Python numpy-arrayCreation Explore Python FundamentalsPython Introduction 3 min read Input and Output in Python 4 min read Python Variables 5 min read Python Operators 5 min read Python Keywords 2 min read Python Data Types 7 min read Conditional Statements in Python 3 min read Loops in Python - For, While and Nested Loops 6 min read Python Functions 5 min read Recursion in Python 4 min read Python Lambda Functions 5 min read Python Data StructuresPython String 5 min read Python Lists 4 min read Python Tuples 4 min read Python Dictionary 3 min read Python Sets 6 min read Python Arrays 7 min read List Comprehension in Python 4 min read Advanced PythonPython OOP Concepts 11 min read Python Exception Handling 5 min read File Handling in Python 4 min read Python Database Tutorial 4 min read Python MongoDB Tutorial 2 min read Python MySQL 9 min read Python Packages 12 min read Python Modules 7 min read Python DSA Libraries 15 min read List of Python GUI Library and Packages 3 min read Data Science with PythonNumPy Tutorial - Python Library 3 min read Pandas Tutorial 6 min read Matplotlib Tutorial 5 min read Python Seaborn Tutorial 15+ min read StatsModel Library- Tutorial 4 min read Learning Model Building in Scikit-learn 8 min read TensorFlow Tutorial 2 min read PyTorch Tutorial 7 min read Web Development with PythonFlask Tutorial 8 min read Django Tutorial | Learn Django Framework 7 min read Django ORM - Inserting, Updating & Deleting Data 4 min read Templating With Jinja2 in Flask 6 min read Django Templates 7 min read Python | Build a REST API using Flask 3 min read How to Create a basic API using Django Rest Framework ? 4 min read Python PracticePython Quiz 3 min read Python Coding Practice 1 min read Python Interview Questions and Answers 15+ min read Like