Python Program for Counting sets of 1s and 0s in a binary matrix

Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025

Given a n × m binary matrix, count the number of sets where a set can be formed one or more same values in a row or column.
Examples:

Input: 1 0 1
       0 1 0 
Output: 8 
Explanation: There are six one-element sets
(three 1s and three 0s). There are two two-
element sets, the first one consists of the
first and the third cells of the first row.
The second one consists of the first and the 
third cells of the second row. 

Input: 1 0
       1 1 
Output: 6

The number of non-empty subsets of x elements is 2^x - 1. We traverse every row and calculate numbers of 1’s and 0’s cells. For every u zeros and v ones, total sets is 2^u - 1 + 2^v - 1. We then traverse all columns and compute same values and compute overall sum. We finally subtract m x n from the overall sum as single elements are considered twice.

Python3

# Python3 program to compute number of sets 
# in a binary matrix. 
m = 3 # no of columns 
n = 2 # no of rows 

# function to calculate the number of 
# non empty sets of cell 
def countSets(a):
    
    # stores the final answer 
    res = 0
    
    # traverses row-wise 
    for i in range(n):
        u = 0
        v = 0
        for j in range(m):
            if a[i][j]:
                u += 1
            else: 
                v += 1
        res += pow(2, u) - 1 + pow(2, v) - 1
    
    # traverses column wise 
    for i in range(m):
        
        u = 0
        v = 0
        for j in range(n):
            if a[j][i]:
                u += 1
            else: 
                v += 1
        res += pow(2, u) - 1 + pow(2, v) - 1
    
    # at the end subtract n*m as no of 
    # single sets have been added twice. 
    return res - (n*m) 

# Driver program to test the above function. 
a = [[1, 0, 1],[0, 1, 0]] 

print(countSets(a))

# This code is contributed by shubhamsingh10

Output:

Time Complexity: O(n * m)

Space Complexity: O(1) as no extra space has been taken.
Please refer complete article on Counting sets of 1s and 0s in a binary matrix for more details!