Python | Find keys with duplicate values in dictionary

Last Updated : 31 Mar, 2023

Given a dictionary, the task is to find keys with duplicate values. Let's discuss a few methods for the same.

Method #1: Using Naive approach In this method first, we convert dictionary values to keys with the inverse mapping and then find the duplicate keys

Python3

# Python code to demonstrate 
# finding duplicate values from a dictionary

# initialising dictionary
ini_dict = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3, 'd':2}

# printing initial_dictionary
print(&quot;initial_dictionary&quot;, str(ini_dict))

# finding duplicate values
# from dictionary
# using a naive approach
rev_dict = {}

for key, value in ini_dict.items():
    rev_dict.setdefault(value, set()).add(key)
    
result = [key for key, values in rev_dict.items()
                              if len(values) &gt; 1]

# printing result
print(&quot;duplicate values&quot;, str(result))

Output:

initial_dictionary {'c': 3, 'b': 2, 'd': 2, 'a': 1}
duplicate values [2]

Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the dictionary.
Auxiliary Space: O(n)

Method #2: Using flipping dictionary

Python3

# Python code to demonstrate 
# finding duplicate values from dictionary

# initialising dictionary
ini_dict = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3, 'd':2}

# printing initial_dictionary
print(&quot;initial_dictionary&quot;, str(ini_dict))

# finding duplicate values
# from dictionary using flip
flipped = {}

for key, value in ini_dict.items():
    if value not in flipped:
        flipped[value] = [key]
    else:
        flipped[value].append(key)

# printing result
print(&quot;final_dictionary&quot;, str(flipped))

Output:

initial_dictionary {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'd': 2, 'b': 2}
final_dictionary {1: ['a'], 2: ['d', 'b'], 3: ['c']}

Time complexity: O(n), where n is the number of key-value pairs in the input dictionary.
Auxiliary space: O(n), where n is the number of key-value pairs in the input dictionary.

Method #3: Using chain and set Suppose you need to find keys having duplicate values.

Python3

# Python code to demonstrate 
# finding duplicate values from dictionary
from itertools import chain

# initialising dictionary
ini_dict = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3, 'd':2}

# printing initial_dictionary
print(&quot;initial_dictionary&quot;, str(ini_dict))

# finding duplicate values
# from dictionary using set
rev_dict = {}
for key, value in ini_dict.items():
    rev_dict.setdefault(value, set()).add(key)


result = set(chain.from_iterable(
         values for key, values in rev_dict.items()
         if len(values) &gt; 1))

# printing result
print(&quot;resultant key&quot;, str(result))

Output:

initial_dictionary {'b': 2, 'd': 2, 'c': 3, 'a': 1}
resultant key {'d', 'b'}

Instead of

Python3

result = set(chain.from_iterable(
         values for key, values in rev_dict.items()
         if len(values) &gt; 1))

Use this:

Python3

result = filter(lambda x: len(x)&gt;1, rev_dict.values())
print(list(result))

Using collections:

One approach not mentioned is to use a Counter from the collections module. A Counter is a dictionary subclass that keeps track of the number of occurrences of each element. You can use a Counter to find the keys with duplicate values by counting the values and creating a new dictionary with only the keys whose value has a count greater than 1.

Here's an example of how to do this:

Python3

from collections import Counter

# Initialize the dictionary
ini_dict = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3, 'd':2}

# Create a Counter from the dictionary values
counts = Counter(ini_dict.values())

# Create a new dictionary with only the keys whose value has a count greater than 1
result = {k: v for k, v in ini_dict.items() if counts[v] > 1}

print(result.keys())
#This code is contributed by Edula Vinay Kumar Reddy

Output

dict_keys(['b', 'd'])

Time complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)

Method #5: Using Counter

This method involves using the Counter module from the collections library to count the occurrences of values in the dictionary. Then extract the keys with count greater than 1 to get the duplicate values.

Step-by-Step Approach:

Import the Counter module from the collections library.
Initialize the dictionary with values.
Create a Counter object using the dictionary values.
Iterate through the Counter object and extract the keys with count greater than 1 to get the duplicate values.
Print the duplicate values.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

Python3

# Python code to demonstrate
# finding duplicate values from a dictionary

# import Counter module from collections library
from collections import Counter

# initialising dictionary
ini_dict = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3, 'd':2}

# printing initial_dictionary
print("initial_dictionary", str(ini_dict))

# finding duplicate values
# from dictionary
# using Counter
count_dict = Counter(ini_dict.values())
result = [key for key, value in ini_dict.items()
                          if count_dict[value] > 1]

# printing result
print("duplicate values", str(result))

Output

initial_dictionary {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 2}
duplicate values ['b', 'd']

Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the dictionary.
Auxiliary Space: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the dictionary.

Python | Find keys with duplicate values in dictionary

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