Python complex() Function Last Updated : 01 Mar, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report Python provides a built-in function called complex() to handle complex numbers. A complex number consists of a real part and an imaginary part, represented in the form: a + bjWhere,a is the real partb is the imaginary partj is the imaginary unit, which is equal to the square root of -1python uses 'j' instead of 'i' (used in mathematics) to represent imaginary numbers.We can access the real and imaginary parts of the complex numbers using .real and .imag methods respectively.Example: Python # Creating complex numbers c1 = complex(3, 4) c2 = complex(5) c3 = complex() print(c1) print(c2) print(c3) print(c1.real) print(c1.imag) Output(3+4j) (5+0j) 0j 3.0 4.0 Let's explore complex() function in detail:Table of ContentSyntax of complex() functioncomplex() with Int and Float Parameterscomplex() with String inputsArithmetic of Complex NumbersSyntax of complex() functionWithout any arguments: complex() returns 0j.With one argument: complex(x) returns x + 0j.With two arguments: complex(x, y) returns x + yj.With a string argument: complex(string) interprets the string as a complex number.real: The real part of the complex number(default is 0).imaginary: The imaginary part of the complex number(default is 0).complex() with Int and Float ParametersWhen we pass integer or float parameters to the complex() function, it creates a complex number with the given real and imaginary parts.Example: Python c1 = complex(3, 4) print(c1) c2 = complex(2.5, 3.7) print(c2) Output(3+4j) (2.5+3.7j) complex() with String inputsWe can also pass a string to the complex() function, provided that the string represents a valid complex number or a real number. The string can be in the form of "a+bj" or simply "a" where a and b are real numbers. Python c1 = complex("5.5") print(c1) c2 = complex("-2") print(c2) c3 = complex("3+4j") print(c3) Output(5.5+0j) (-2+0j) (3+4j) Explanation:If the string contains only a real number, complex() treats it as having an imaginary part of zero (0j).If the string contains both a real and imaginary part, Python correctly interprets it as a complex number.Note: spaces around operators are not allowed and hence, passing such example will throw an error. For example, if we did complex(" 2.3 + 4.5j "), it will throw "ValueError: complex() arg is a malformed string"Arithmetic of Complex Numbers Python c1 = complex(4, 3) c2 = complex(2, -5) print(c1+c2) # adds c1 and c2 print(c1-c2) # subtracts c1 and c2 print(c1*c2) # multiplies c1 and c2 print(c1/c2) # divides c1 and c2 # Accessing real and imaginary parts print(c1.real) print(c1.imag) Output(6-2j) (2+8j) (23-14j) (-0.24137931034482757+0.896551724137931j) 4.0 3.0 Comment More infoAdvertise with us Next Article Python complex() Function M maheswaripiyush9 Follow Improve Article Tags : Python Python-Functions Practice Tags : pythonpython-functions Similar Reads Python compile() Function Python is a high-level, general-purpose, and very popular programming language. In this article, we will learn about the Python compile() function. Python compile() Function SyntaxPython compile() function takes source code as input and returns a code object that is ready to be executed and which ca 3 min read Python Functions Python Functions is a block of statements that return the specific task. The idea is to put some commonly or repeatedly done tasks together and make a function so that instead of writing the same code again and again for different inputs, we can do the function calls to reuse code contained in it ov 11 min read Python Built in Functions Python is the most popular programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1991. It is used for system scripting, software development, and web development (server-side). Web applications can be developed on a server using Python. Workflows can be made with Python and other technologies. Databas 6 min read Python int() Function The Python int() function converts a given object to an integer or converts a decimal (floating-point) number to its integer part by truncating the fractional part.Example:In this example, we passed a string as an argument to the int() function and printed it.Pythonage = "21" print("age =", int(age) 3 min read Python str() function The str() function in Python is an in-built function that takes an object as input and returns its string representation. It can be used to convert various data types into strings, which can then be used for printing, concatenation, and formatting. Letâs take a simple example to converting an Intege 3 min read dir() function in Python The dir() function is a built-in Python tool used to list the attributes (like methods, variables, etc.) of an object. It helps inspect modules, classes, functions, and even user-defined objects during development and debugging.Syntaxdir([object])Parameters: object (optional): Any Python object (lik 3 min read Python len() Function The len() function in Python is used to get the number of items in an object. It is most commonly used with strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries and other iterable or container types. It returns an integer value representing the length or the number of elements. Example:Pythons = "GeeksforGeeks" # G 2 min read Python map() function The map() function is used to apply a given function to every item of an iterable, such as a list or tuple, and returns a map object (which is an iterator). Let's start with a simple example of using map() to convert a list of strings into a list of integers.Pythons = ['1', '2', '3', '4'] res = map( 4 min read pow() Function - Python pow() function in Python is a built-in tool that calculates one number raised to the power of another. It also has an optional third part that gives the remainder when dividing the result. Example:Pythonprint(pow(3,2))Output9 Explanation: pow(3, 2) calculates 32 = 9, where the base is positive and t 2 min read Python 3 - input() function In Python, we use the input() function to take input from the user. Whatever you enter as input, the input function converts it into a string. If you enter an integer value still input() function converts it into a string.Python input() Function SyntaxSyntax: input(prompt)Parameter:Prompt: (optional 3 min read Like