Program to reverse columns in given 2D Array (Matrix)

Last Updated : 19 Sep, 2022

Given a 2D array arr[][]of integers of size M x N, where N is the number of columns and M is the number of rows in the array. The task is to reverse every column of the given 2D array

Input: arr[][] = {{3, 2, 1}
{4, 5, 6},
{9, 8, 7}}

Output: 9 8 7
4 5 6
3 2 1

Input: arr[][] = {{7, 9},
{1, 5},
{4, 6},
{19, 3}}

Output: 19 3
4 6
1 5
7 9

Program to reverse columns in given 2D Array (Matrix) using swap function:

Follow the given steps to solve the problem:

Initialize the start index as 0 and the end index as M - 1.
Iterate a for loop till the start index is less than the ending index, swap the value at these indexes and update the index as:

swap(arr[start][i], arr[end][i]);
start++;
end--;

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ implementation of the
// above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int M = 3;
const int N = 3;

// A utility function
// for swapping two elements.
void swap(int* a, int* b)
{
    int temp = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = temp;
}

// Print the arr[][]
void printMatrix(int arr[M][N])
{

    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
            cout << arr[i][j] << ' ';
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

// Function to reverse
// the given 2D arr[][]
void reverseColumnArray(int arr[M][N])
{

    // Print the arr[][] before
    // reversing every column
    printMatrix(arr);
    cout << endl;

    // Traverse each column of arr[][]
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        // Initialise start and end index
        int start = 0;
        int end = M - 1;

        // Till start < end, swap the
        // element at start and end index
        while (start < end) {
            // Swap the element
            swap(&arr[start][i], &arr[end][i]);

            // Increment start and decrement
            // end for next pair of swapping
            start++;
            end--;
        }
    }

    // Print the arr[][] after
    // reversing every column
    printMatrix(arr);
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int arr[][3]
        = { { 3, 2, 1 }, { 4, 5, 6 }, { 9, 8, 7 } };

    // Function call
    reverseColumnArray(arr);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java implementation of the
// above approach
import java.util.*;
class GFG {

    static int M = 3;
    static int N = 3;

    // A utility function
    // for swapping two elements.
    private static int[][] swap(int[][] arr, int start,
                                int i, int end, int j)
    {

        int temp = arr[start][i];
        arr[start][i] = arr[end][j];
        arr[end][j] = temp;
        return arr;
    }

    // Print the arr[][]
    static void printMatrix(int arr[][])
    {

        for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
                System.out.print(arr[i][j] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }

    // Function to reverse
    // the given 2D arr[][]
    static void reverseColumnArray(int arr[][])
    {

        // Print the arr[][] before
        // reversing every column
        printMatrix(arr);
        System.out.println();

        // Traverse each column of arr[][]
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            // Initialise start and end index
            int start = 0;
            int end = M - 1;

            // Till start < end, swap the
            // element at start and end index
            while (start < end) {

                // Swap the element
                arr = swap(arr, start, i, end, i);

                // Increment start and decrement
                // end for next pair of swapping
                start++;
                end--;
            }
        }

        // Print the arr[][] after
        // reversing every column
        printMatrix(arr);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int arr[][]
            = { { 3, 2, 1 }, { 4, 5, 6 }, { 9, 8, 7 } };

        // Function call
        reverseColumnArray(arr);
    }
}

// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

Python3

# python implementation of the
# above approach
M = 3
N = 3

# Print the arr[][]


def printMatrix(arr):

    for i in range(0, M):
        for j in range(0, N):
            print(arr[i][j], end=' ')

        print()

# Function to reverse
# the given 2D arr[][]


def reverseColumnArray(arr):

    # Print the arr[][] before
    # reversing every column
    printMatrix(arr)
    print()

    # Traverse each column of arr[][]
    for i in range(0, N):
        # Initialise start and end index
        start = 0
        end = M - 1

        # Till start < end, swap the
        # element at start and end index
        while (start < end):
            # Swap the element
            temp = arr[start][i]
            arr[start][i] = arr[end][i]
            arr[end][i] = temp

            # Increment start and decrement
            # end for next pair of swapping
            start += 1
            end -= 1

        # Print the arr[][] after
        # reversing every column
    printMatrix(arr)


# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":

    arr = [[3, 2, 1], [4, 5, 6], [9, 8, 7]]

    # Function call
    reverseColumnArray(arr)

    # This code is contributed by rakeshsahni

// C# implementation of the
// above approach
using System;
class GFG {

    static int M = 3;
    static int N = 3;

    // A utility function
    // for swapping two elements.
    private static int[, ] swap(int[, ] arr, int start,
                                int i, int end, int j)
    {

        int temp = arr[start, i];
        arr[start, i] = arr[end, j];
        arr[end, j] = temp;
        return arr;
    }

    // Print the arr[][]
    static void printMatrix(int[, ] arr)
    {

        for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
                Console.Write(arr[i, j] + " ");
            }
            Console.WriteLine("");
        }
    }

    // Function to reverse
    // the given 2D arr[][]
    static void reverseColumnArray(int[, ] arr)
    {

        // Print the arr[][] before
        // reversing every column
        printMatrix(arr);
        Console.WriteLine();

        // Traverse each column of arr[][]
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            // Initialise start and end index
            int start = 0;
            int end = M - 1;

            // Till start < end, swap the
            // element at start and end index
            while (start < end) {

                // Swap the element
                arr = swap(arr, start, i, end, i);

                // Increment start and decrement
                // end for next pair of swapping
                start++;
                end--;
            }
        }

        // Print the arr[][] after
        // reversing every column
        printMatrix(arr);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int[, ] arr
            = { { 3, 2, 1 }, { 4, 5, 6 }, { 9, 8, 7 } };

        // Function call
        reverseColumnArray(arr);
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Saurabh Jaiswal

JavaScript

<script>
    // JavaScript code for the above approach
    let M = 3;
    let N = 3;

    // Print the arr[][]
    function printMatrix(arr) {

      for (let i = 0; i < M; i++) {
        for (let j = 0; j < N; j++) {
          document.write(arr[i][j] + ' ');
        }
        document.write('<br>')
      }
    }

    // Function to reverse
    // the given 2D arr[][]
    function reverseColumnArray(arr) {

      // Print the arr[][] before
      // reversing every column
      printMatrix(arr);
      document.write('<br>')

      // Traverse each column of arr[][]
      for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) 
      {
      
        // Initialise start and end index
        let start = 0;
        let end = M - 1;

        // Till start < end, swap the
        // element at start and end index
        while (start < end)
        {
        
          // Swap the element
          let temp = arr[start][i]
          arr[start][i] = arr[end][i]
          arr[end][i] = temp

          // Increment start and decrement
          // end for next pair of swapping
          start++;
          end--;
        }
      }

      // Print the arr[][] after
      // reversing every column
      printMatrix(arr);
    }

    // Driver Code
    let arr
      = [[3, 2, 1], [4, 5, 6], [9, 8, 7]];

    // Function call
    reverseColumnArray(arr);

  // This code is contributed by Potta Lokesh
  </script>

Output

Time complexity: O(N²), two for loops are being used, one to iterate over all columns and the inner loop is swapping the start and end index of each column.
Auxiliary Space: O(1) as no extra space is used

Program to reverse columns in given 2D Array (Matrix)

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