Permutation of an array that has smaller values from another array

Last Updated : 18 Nov, 2022

Given two arrays A and B of equal size. The task is to print any permutation of array A such that the number of indices i for which A[i] > B[i] is maximized.

Examples:

Input: A = [12, 24, 8, 32], 
       B = [13, 25, 32, 11]
Output: 24 32 8 12

Input: A = [2, 7, 11, 15], 
       B = [1, 10, 4, 11]
Output: 2 11 7 15

If the smallest element in A beats the smallest element in B, we should pair them. Otherwise, it is useless for our score, as it can't beat any other element of B.

With above strategy we make two vector of pairs, Ap for A and Bp for B with their element and respective index. Then sort both vectors and simulate them. Whenever we found any element in vector Ap such that Ap[i].first > Bp[j].first for some (i, j) we pair them i:e we update our answer array to ans[Bp[j].second] = Ap[i].first. However if Ap[i].first < Bp[j].first for some (i, j) then we store them in vector remain and finally pair them with any one.

Below is the implementation of above approach:

C++

// C++ program to find permutation of an array that
// has smaller values from another array
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to print required permutation
void anyPermutation(int A[], int B[], int n)
{
    // Storing elements and indexes
    vector<pair<int, int> > Ap, Bp;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        Ap.push_back(make_pair(A[i], i));
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        Bp.push_back(make_pair(B[i], i));

    sort(Ap.begin(), Ap.end());
    sort(Bp.begin(), Bp.end());

    int i = 0, j = 0, ans[n] = { 0 };

    // Filling the answer array
    vector<int> remain;
    while (i < n && j < n) {

        // pair element of A and B
        if (Ap[i].first > Bp[j].first) {
            ans[Bp[j].second] = Ap[i].first;
            i++;
            j++;
        }
        else {
            remain.push_back(i);
            i++;
        }
    }

    // Fill the remaining elements of answer
    j = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        if (ans[i] == 0) {
            ans[i] = Ap[remain[j]].first;
            j++;
        }

    // Output required permutation
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        cout << ans[i] << " ";
}

// Driver program
int main()
{
    int A[] = { 12, 24, 8, 32 };
    int B[] = { 13, 25, 32, 11 };
    int n = sizeof(A) / sizeof(A[0]);
    anyPermutation(A, B, n);
    return 0;
}

// This code is written by Sanjit_Prasad

Java

// Java program to find permutation of an 
// array that has smaller values from 
// another array 
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.util.*;

class GFG{

// Function to print required permutation
static void anyPermutation(int A[], int B[], int n)
{
    
    // Storing elements and indexes
    ArrayList<int[]> Ap = new ArrayList<>();
    ArrayList<int[]> Bp = new ArrayList<>();

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        Ap.add(new int[] { A[i], i });

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        Bp.add(new int[] { B[i], i });

    // Sorting the Both Ap and Bp
    Collections.sort(Ap, (x, y) -> {
        if (x[0] != y[0])
            return x[0] - y[0];
            
        return y[1] - y[1];
    });

    Collections.sort(Bp, (x, y) -> {
        if (x[0] != y[0])
            return x[0] - y[0];
            
        return y[1] - y[1];
    });

    int i = 0, j = 0;
    int ans[] = new int[n];

    // Filling the answer array
    ArrayList<Integer> remain = new ArrayList<>();
    while (i < n && j < n) 
    {
        
        // Pair element of A and B
        if (Ap.get(i)[0] > Bp.get(j)[0])
        {
            ans[Bp.get(j)[1]] = Ap.get(i)[0];
            i++;
            j++;
        }
        else 
        {
            remain.add(i);
            i++;
        }
    }

    // Fill the remaining elements of answer
    j = 0;
    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        if (ans[i] == 0)
        {
            ans[i] = Ap.get(remain.get(j))[0];
            j++;
        }

    // Output required permutation
    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        System.out.print(ans[i] + " ");
}

// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int A[] = { 12, 24, 8, 32 };
    int B[] = { 13, 25, 32, 11 };
    int n = A.length;

    anyPermutation(A, B, n);
}
}

// This code is contributed by Kingash

Python3

# Python3 program to find permutation of 
# an array that has smaller values from
# another array 

# Function to print required permutation 
def anyPermutation(A, B, n): 

    # Storing elements and indexes 
    Ap, Bp = [], []
    
    for i in range(0, n): 
        Ap.append([A[i], i]) 
    for i in range(0, n): 
        Bp.append([B[i], i]) 
    
    Ap.sort()
    Bp.sort()
    
    i, j = 0, 0, 
    ans = [0] * n 

    # Filling the answer array 
    remain = [] 
    while i < n and j < n: 

        # pair element of A and B 
        if Ap[i][0] > Bp[j][0]: 
            ans[Bp[j][1]] = Ap[i][0] 
            i += 1
            j += 1
        
        else:
            remain.append(i) 
            i += 1
        
    # Fill the remaining elements
    # of answer 
    j = 0
    for i in range(0, n): 
        if ans[i] == 0:
            ans[i] = Ap[remain[j]][0] 
            j += 1
        
    # Output required permutation 
    for i in range(0, n): 
        print(ans[i], end = " ") 

# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    A = [ 12, 24, 8, 32 ] 
    B = [ 13, 25, 32, 11 ] 
    n = len(A) 
    anyPermutation(A, B, n) 
    
# This code is contributed 
# by Rituraj Jain

// Include namespace system
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class GFG
{

  // Function to print required permutation
  public static void anyPermutation(int[] A, int[] B, int n)
  {

    // Storing elements and indexes
    List<int[]> Ap = new List<int[]>();
    List<int[]> Bp = new List<int[]>();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      Ap.Add(new int[]{A[i], i});
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      Bp.Add(new int[]{B[i], i});
    }

    // Sorting the Both Ap and Bp
    Ap.Sort((x,y)=> (x[0] != y[0]) ? x[0] - y[0] : y[1] - y[1]);
    Bp.Sort((x,y)=> (x[0] != y[0]) ? x[0] - y[0] : y[1] - y[1]);

    var ii = 0;
    var j = 0;
    int[] ans = new int[n];

    // Filling the answer array
    var remain = new List<int>();
    while (ii < n && j < n)
    {

      // Pair element of A and B
      if (Ap[ii][0] > Bp[j][0])
      {
        ans[Bp[j][1]] = Ap[ii][0];
        ii++;
        j++;
      }
      else 
      {
        remain.Add(ii);
        ii++;
      }
    }

    // Fill the remaining elements of answer
    j = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
      if (ans[i] == 0)
      {
        ans[i] = Ap[remain[j]][0];
        j++;
      }
    }

    // Output required permutation
    for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
      Console.Write(ans[i].ToString() + " ");
    }
  }

  // Driver Code
  public static void Main(String[] args)
  {
    int[] A = {12, 24, 8, 32};
    int[] B = {13, 25, 32, 11};
    var n = A.Length;
    GFG.anyPermutation(A, B, n);
  }
}

// This code is contributed by aadityaburujwale.

JavaScript

<script>

// JavaScript program to find permutation of
// an array that has smaller values from
// another array

// Function to document.write required permutation
function anyPermutation(A, B, n){

    // Storing elements and indexes
    let Ap = [], Bp = []
    
    for(let i=0;i<n;i++){
        Ap.push([A[i], i])
    }
    for(let i=0;i<n;i++){
        Bp.push([B[i], i])
    }
    
    Ap.sort()
    Bp.sort()
    
    let i = 0
    let j = 0
    let ans = new Array(n).fill(0)

    // Filling the answer array
    let remain = []
    while(i < n && j < n){

        // pair element of A and B
        if(Ap[i][0] > Bp[j][0]){
            ans[Bp[j][1]] = Ap[i][0]
            i += 1
            j += 1
        }
        else{
            remain.push(i)
            i += 1
        }
    }
        
    // Fill the remaining elements
    // of answer
    j = 0
    for(let i=0;i<n;i++){
        if(ans[i] == 0){
            ans[i] = Ap[remain[j]][0]
            j += 1
        }
    }
        
    // Output required permutation
    for(let i=0;i<n;i++){
        document.write(ans[i]," ")
    }
}

// Driver Code
    
let A = [ 12, 24, 8, 32 ]
let B = [ 13, 25, 32, 11 ]
let n = A.length
anyPermutation(A, B, n)
    
// This code is contributed by shinjanpatra

</script>

Output

24 32 8 12

Time Complexity: O(N*log(N)), where N is the length of array.

Permutation of an array that has smaller values from another array

Sanjit_Prasad

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