MongoDB is an open source, document-oriented, NoSql database whose data is stored in an organized format. It is scalable and easy to learn, commonly used in modern web and mobile apps, dealing with high volumes of data. MongoDB stores data in BSON format, which lets you store JSON like documents efficiently.
This architecture is very well adapted to unstructured or semi-structured data. MongoDB is a great choice to use in applications where you need to support a dynamic schema designs. MongoDB is open-source and is available for free in Linux, Windows, and macOS systems.
This MongoDB tutorial is designed for both beginners and experienced professionals and it covers basic to advanced MongoDB topics. Before starting MongoDB, some prerequisite knowledge of Databases, Frontend development, Text editor and execution of programs, etc would be beneficial in upcoming discussion.
Why Learn MongoDB?
Developers use MongoDB because it offers a lot of features for those who like to work with big data. Here are few key reasons of why you should learn MongoDB
- MongoDB is a popular technology for modern web development, particularly high-traffic websites and real-time analytics.
- It provides scalability through sharding and also supports high availability through replication.
- MongoDB can be easily paired with various programming languages such as JavaScript (Node.js), Python, Java and more.
- General corporations like eBay, Uber and Adobe use MongoDB while processing big, unstructured data.
- It offers greater flexibility and faster development time through its schema-less nature.
MongoDB Hello World Example
The first step to start with MongoDB is to Insert a simple document into a database using MongoDB's Node.js driver. This example shows you have MongoDB installed and running locally.
XML
// MongoDB Hello World Program
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');
// Connection URL
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
const client = new MongoClient(url);
async function run() {
try {
// Connect to the MongoDB server
await client.connect();
// Choose the database
const db = client.db('testdb');
// Choose the collection
const collection = db.collection('users');
// Insert a document
const result = await collection.insertOne({ name: "John Doe", age: 30 });
console.log(`Document inserted with _id: ${result.insertedId}`);
} finally {
// Close the connection
await client.close();
}
}
run().catch(console.error);
Output:
Document inserted with _id: [ObjectId]
Introduction to MongoDB
In this section you will explore the core concepts, functionalities, and advantages over traditional relational databases. Unleash the potential of flexible data modeling for modern applications.
Installation and Setup
Here in this section you will learn how to setting up MongoDB, a powerful NoSQL database. Here you will get a full details on installation process and essential configuration steps to get your MongoDB on various OS. Follow along to establish a strong foundation for your MongoDB applications.
Basics of MongoDB
This section of MongoDB tutorial breaks down core concepts like documents, collections, and queries. We'll explore how MongoDB stores and retrieves data, empowering you to harness its flexibility for modern application development.
Navigating and managing your MongoDB data is a breeze with its diverse toolkit. So, here in this section, you will explore the official interfaces like MongoDB Compass and the command-line shell, empowering you to interact with your database effectively. This section equips you with the tools to unleash MongoDB's potential.
CRUD Operations in MongoDB
In this section we will explores CRUD operations, Create, Read, Update, and Delete. Learn how to effectively insert, retrieve, modify, and remove documents within your MongoDB collections. This empowers you to manage your database with precision.
Insert Operations
Update Operations
Delete Operations
Query Operations
MongoDB Operators
MongoDB operators are like magic wands for your data! Throug this section we will let you into these operators that let you filter, sort, and transform your documents with ease. Grasp these tools to craft powerful queries, unleashing the true potential of your MongoDB database.
Comparison Operators
Logical Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Field Update Operators
Array Expression Operators
Array Update Operators
String Expression Operators
Aggregation
Supercharge your data analysis with MongoDB Aggregation! This section delves into crafting powerful pipelines that transform and summarize your collections. Learn to group documents, calculate values, and uncover hidden insights within your MongoDB data.
Indexing
This section delves into creating and leveraging indexes, specialized data structures that significantly improve retrieval efficiency. Learn how to identify ideal fields for indexing and optimize your database performance for faster results.
Transactions and Data Modeling
MongoDB offers flexibility with its document model, but transactions come into play for ensuring data consistency across multiple updates. This section clarifies when to leverage MongoDB's atomic writes on single documents and dives into multi-document transactions for complex operations. We'll guide you on optimizing your data model for both efficiency and data integrity.
Replication and Sharding
This section delves into replication and sharding, two techniques for boosting performance and ensuring data availability. Learn how to create fault-tolerant backups and distribute data across multiple servers for a scalable and resilient MongoDB deployment.
Security
This section tackles the essential security measures to safeguard your database. We'll delve into access control, encryption strategies, and auditing practices to fortify your MongoDB environment and ensure data confidentiality. Follow these best practices to build a robust security posture for your MongoDB deployments.
MongoDB Quiz & Interview
Prepare for MongoDB interviews with these commonly asked questions, covering core concepts like CRUD operations, indexing, aggregation, data modeling and more:
MongoDB Applications and Projects
Dive into the exciting world of what you can build with MongoDB! We'll showcase real-world applications that leverage MongoDB's flexibility and explore project ideas to ignite your development journey. Get inspired to create scalable and dynamic applications with MongoDB!
Difference Between MongoDB and MySQL
| Feature | MongoDB | MySQL |
|---|
| Data Model | Document-oriented (JSON-like BSON) | Relational (tables with rows and columns) |
| Schema | Schema-less, flexible | Schema-based, structured |
| Scalability | Horizontal scaling (sharding) | Vertical scaling |
| Transactions | Supports multi-document ACID transactions (since v4.0) | Supports ACID transactions |
| Query Language | MongoDB Query Language (MQL) | Structured Query Language (SQL) |
| Data Storage | Stores data in collections of documents | Stores data in tables |
| Indexing | Supports various types of indexes | Supports various types of indexes |
| Performance | Generally faster for read/write operations in large datasets | Generally reliable and consistent performance |
| Use Cases | Best for hierarchical data, real-time analytics, content management | Best for structured data, transactional applications |
| Join Operations | Limited support for joins, typically done in application logic | Full support for joins between tables |
| Replication | Replica sets for high availability and redundancy | Master-slave replication, Group Replication |
| Flexibility | Highly flexible, easily adapts to changing requirements | Less flexible, schema changes require careful planning |
| Support for Unstructured Data | Excellent, can store any type of data in a document | Limited, primarily structured data |
Career & Jobs in MongoDB
MongoDB is a leading NoSQL database with growing demand across industries. It offers career opportunities in data management, cloud systems, and application development, with roles such as backend developers, cloud engineers, and database administrators.
| Career | Average Salary (INR) | Average Salary (USD) |
|---|
| MongoDB Developer | ₹7,00,000 – ₹18,00,000 | $70,000 – $130,000 |
| Database Administrator (DBA) | ₹6,00,000 – ₹15,00,000 | $65,000 – $120,000 |
| Full Stack Developer | ₹8,00,000 – ₹20,00,000 | $80,000 – $150,000 |
| Backend Engineer | ₹8,50,000 – ₹22,00,000 | $90,000 – $160,000 |
| Data Engineer | ₹10,00,000 – ₹25,00,000 | $100,000 – $180,000 |
| Cloud Engineer | ₹12,00,000 – ₹30,00,000 | $110,000 – $200,000 |
| Software Engineer | ₹7,50,000 – ₹18,00,000 | $75,000 – $130,000 |
| Solutions Architect | ₹15,00,000 – ₹40,00,000 | $150,000 – $250,000 |
| DevOps Engineer | ₹10,00,000 – ₹20,00,000 | $100,000 – $150,000 |
| MongoDB Consultant | ₹12,00,000 – ₹30,00,000 | $110,000 – $200,000 |
List of Companies using MongoDB
These are some Popular companies that use MongoDB in their workflow:
| Company Name | MongoDB Implementation |
|---|
| eBay | Utilizes MongoDB for search suggestions and internal cloud management. |
| Adobe | Uses MongoDB for scalable data storage in creative cloud applications. |
| Uber | Integrates MongoDB to manage real-time geolocation and ride data. |
| Verizon | Adopts MongoDB for high-performance data handling in telecommunications. |
| MetLife | Uses MongoDB to build a 360-degree customer view in its "The Wall" application. |
| Forbes | Employs MongoDB for content management and real-time analytics. |
| Shutterfly | Utilizes MongoDB to store and manage billions of photos for its users. |
| Codecademy | Integrates MongoDB to handle user progress and course data efficiently. |
| CERN | Uses MongoDB in the Large Hadron Collider for data aggregation purposes. |
| Foursquare | Uses MongoDB on AWS to manage location data and user check-ins. |
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MongoDB $gt OperatorThe $gt operator in MongoDB is a powerful comparison operator that allows you to query documents where the value of a field is greater than a specified value. It can be used in various methods, such as find, update, and aggregate, making it a flexible tool for data analysis and retrieval.In this gui
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MongoDB - $lt OperatorMongoDB provides powerful query operators to filter and retrieve data efficiently. One such essential operator is the $lt (less than) operator, which allows users to select documents where a specified field’s value is less than a given value. We can use this operator in methods like, find(), update(
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MongoDB - $eq OperatorMongoDB provides a variety of comparison query operators to filter and retrieve documents efficiently. One of the most widely used operators is $eq (equal to operator), which allows users to match exact values in a MongoDB collection.In this article, we will explore the MongoDB $eq operator, its syn
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MongoDB - $lte OperatorMongoDB $lte Operator is one of the comparison operators. $lte operator selects those documents where the field value is less than equal to (<=) the given value. This operator can be used in methods like find(), update(), etc. according to your requirements.. Syntax{field: {$lte: value}}MongoDB $
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MongoDB - $gte OperatorMongoDB $gte or "greater than equals to" operator is one of the comparison operators. $gte operator selects those documents where the field value is greater than equals to(>=) the given value. This operator can be used in methods (like, find(), update(), etc.) according to your requirements. Synt
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MongoDB - $ne OperatorMongoDB $ne or "not equals" operator is one of the comparison operators. The $ne operator selects those documents where the field value is not equal to the given value. It also includes those documents that do not contain the specified field. You can use this operator in methods like find(), update(
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MongoDB $in OperatorMongoDB $in operator provides a powerful way to query documents based on multiple potential values for a specific field within a single query.In this article, We will learn about the MongoDB $in Operator by understanding various examples in detail.MongoDB $in OperatorThe MongoDB $in operator is used
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MongoDB - $nin OperatorMongoDB $nin or " not in" is one of the comparison query operators. The $nin operator selects those documents where the field value is not equal to any of the given values in the array and the field that does not exist. You can use this operator in methods like find(), update(), etc. according to yo
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Logical Operators
Arithmetic Operators
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MongoDB $subtract OperatorMongoDB’s $subtract operator is an essential tool in the aggregation pipeline, allowing users to perform subtraction operations on numbers, dates, and even date-time calculations. This powerful operator simplifies arithmetic operations within the aggregation pipeline and enhances MongoDB's ability t
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MongoDB $multiply OperatorIn MongoDB, the $multiply operator is a powerful tool used in aggregation pipelines to perform multiplication operations. This operator takes one or more expressions as arguments and multiplies them to produce a result.In this article, we will explain the MongoDB $multiply operator, its syntax, usag
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MongoDB $divide OperatorIn MongoDB, the $divide operator is a powerful tool used to perform division between two numerical values. It allows for precise arithmetic operations directly within the database queries, enhancing the capability to manipulate and analyze data. In this article, We will learn about the MongoDB $divi
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MongoDB $abs operatorThe $abs operator in MongoDB is a fundamental arithmetic expression operator used in aggregation pipeline stages. Its primary function is to calculate the absolute value of a specified number. This operation ensures that only positive values are considered, regardless of the number’s sign, making it
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MongoDB $floor OperatorThe MongoDB $floor operator is a powerful tool used in the aggregation pipeline to round numbers down to the nearest integer that is less than or equal to the original number. Whether we're working with employee performance metrics, financial data, or any numerical dataset, the $floor operator helps
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MongoDB $ceil OperatorIn MongoDB, the $ceil operator is a powerful tool used in aggregation pipelines to round numbers up to the nearest integer greater than or equal to the original number. In this article, We will learn about the MongoDB $ceil Operator in detail. MongoDB $ceil OperatorMongoDB $ceil operator is used in
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MongoDB $mod OperatorMongoDB provides different types of arithmetic expression operators that are used in the aggregation pipeline stages and $mod operator is one of them. This operator is used to divide one number by another number and return the remainder. Syntax: { $mod: [ <expression1>, <expression2> ] }
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MongoDB $sqrt OperatorMongoDB provides different types of arithmetic expression operators that are used in the aggregation pipeline stages $sqrt operator is one of them. This operator is used to find the square root of a positive number and returns the result as a double. Syntax: { $sqrt: <number> } Here, the numbe
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MongoDB $pow OperatorMongoDB's $pow operator is a powerful tool within the aggregation framework which is designed to compute exponentiation operations directly on numeric fields. In this article, We will learn about the MongoDB $pow Operator in detail by understanding various examples and so on.MongoDB $pow OperatorThe
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MongoDB $exp OperatorMongoDB's aggregation framework provides a powerful set of tools for data manipulation and processing. One such tool is the $exp operator which allows users to perform exponential calculations within aggregation pipelines. In this article, We will learn about the MongoDB $exp Operator in detail. Mon
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MongoDB $log OperatorThe MongoDB $log operator is used within the aggregation pipeline to calculate the logarithm of a number with a specified base. This operator helps perform logarithmic calculations on fields whether in simple documents or embedded documents. The syntax is straightforward by requiring a number and a
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MongoDB $log10 OperatorIn MongoDB, the $log10 operator is a powerful tool that allows users to perform mathematical computations directly within the database. This operator returns the base 10 logarithm of a specified number and making it invaluable for data analysis and transformation tasks. In this article, We will lear
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MongoDB $ln Operator$in operator in MongoDB is a powerful query tool used to filter documents based on whether a field value matches any value within a specified array. This operator simplifies searching through large datasets by allowing developers to specify multiple values for a single field. In this article, we wil
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Field Update Operators
MongoDB - Field Update OperatorsMongoDB offers a range of powerful field update operators that enable efficient modification of specific fields within documents. These operators allow developers to update specific fields in documents without rewriting the entire document, thus improving performance and operational efficiency.By gu
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MongoDB - $max OperatorThe $max operator in MongoDB is one of the field update operators used to conditionally update fields within a document. It updates a field only if the specified value is greater than the current value, making it highly efficient for managing thresholds and ensuring data accuracy. This operator is v
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MongoDB - $min OperatorMongoDB offers a range of powerful update operators, and one of the most useful is the $min operator. This operator updates a field's value to a specified value, but only if that value is smaller than the current field value. If the specified value is greater than or equal to the current value, no u
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MongoDB - $inc OperatorThe MongoDB $inc operator is one of the most commonly used update operators in MongoDB, especially when it comes to modifying numerical values within documents. It is used to increment or decrement the value of a field by a specific amount, making it highly useful for applications like counters, sco
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MongoDB - $mul OperatorMongoDB $mul operator is a powerful update operator used to multiply the value of a field by a specified number. This operator allows for direct arithmetic operations within the database, making it particularly useful for scenarios that require modifying numeric field values without needing to retri
5 min read
MongoDB - Rename Operator ($rename)MongoDB $rename operator is a powerful tool for for efficiently renaming fields within documents. This operator ensures data consistency and helps developers maintain a clear and organized schema, especially when working with large collections. Whether you’re dealing with nested documents, arrays, o
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MongoDB - Current Date Operator ($currentDate)MongoDB provides different types of field update operators to update the values of the fields of the documents and $currentDate operator is one of them. This operator is used to set the value of a field to the current date (either as a timestamp or as a Date). The default type of $currentDate operat
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MongoDB - $setOnInsert OperatorThe $setOnInsert operator in MongoDB is a powerful tool used in updating operations with the upsert option. It allows us to specify values that should be set only when a new document is inserted. In this article, we will learn about the $setOnInsert Operator in MongoDB in detail and so on. MongoDB $
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MongoDB Bitwise Update OperatorThe MongoDB Bitwise Update Operator allows for efficient manipulation of integer fields within MongoDB documents through bitwise operations. In this article, We will learn about the MongoDB Bitwise Update Operator in detail by understanding various examples in detail.MongoDB Bitwise Update OperatorM
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Array Expression Operators