LRU Cache using JavaScript

Last Updated : 28 Jun, 2024

The LRU (Least Recently Used) Cache is a type of the data structure that is used to the store a limited number of items with the capability to the quickly retrieve and manage these items. When the cache reaches its limit the least recently used item is removed to the make space for the new item. This is particularly useful in the scenarios where you need to the maintain a fixed amount of the data and ensure quick access and updates such as in web browsers database management systems and memory management.

These are the following approaches:

Table of Content

Using Map and Doubly Linked List
Using Map and Array

Using Map and Doubly Linked List

The combination of a Map and a Doubly Linked List is a common approach to the implement an LRU Cache. The Map provides an average O(1) time complexity for the get and set operations while the Doubly Linked List helps in the keeping track of the order of the usage. When an item is accessed it is moved to the front of list ensuring that the least recently used item is at the end of the list.

Example: This illustrates an LRUCache (Least Recently Used Cache) data structure in JavaScript using a doubly linked list and a map, allowing efficient storage and retrieval of key-value pairs with a specified capacity, discarding the least recently used items when the capacity is exceeded.

JavaScript

class ListNode {
    constructor(key, value) {
        this.key = key;
        this.value = value;
        this.prev = null;
        this.next = null;
    }
}
class LRUCache {
    constructor(capacity) {
        this.capacity = capacity;
        this.cache = new Map();
        this.head = new ListNode(null, null);
        this.tail = new ListNode(null, null);
        this.head.next = this.tail;
        this.tail.prev = this.head;
    }
    _remove(node) {
        let prev = node.prev;
        let next = node.next;
        prev.next = next;
        next.prev = prev;
    }
    _add(node) {
        let next = this.head.next;
        this.head.next = node;
        node.prev = this.head;
        node.next = next;
        next.prev = node;
    }
    get(key) {
        if (!this.cache.has(key)) {
            return -1;
        }
        let node = this.cache.get(key);
        this._remove(node);
        this._add(node);
        return node.value;
    }
    put(key, value) {
        if (this.cache.has(key)) {
            this._remove(this.cache.get(key));
        }
        let newNode = new ListNode(key, value);
        this._add(newNode);
        this.cache.set(key, newNode);
        if (this.cache.size > this.capacity) {
            let lru = this.tail.prev;
            this._remove(lru);
            this.cache.delete(lru.key);
        }
    }
}
// Example usage
let lru = new LRUCache(2);
lru.put(1, 1);
lru.put(2, 2);
console.log(lru.get(1)); 
lru.put(3, 3); 
console.log(lru.get(2)); 
lru.put(4, 4); 
console.log(lru.get(1)); 
console.log(lru.get(3)); 
console.log(lru.get(4));

Output

Time Complexity: O(1) for the both get and put operations.

Using Map and Array

This approach is to the use a Map in conjunction with the Array. The Map provides the fast access to the cache items while the Array keeps track of the order in which items were used. This method is simpler but less efficient for the large caches due to the need to perform the array operations to the maintain the order.

Example: This illustrates an LRU (Least Recently Used) cache using a Map and an array to store key-value pairs with a fixed capacity.

JavaScript

class LRUCache {
    constructor(capacity) {
        this.capacity = capacity;
        this.cache = new Map();
        this.order = [];
    }
    get(key) {
        if (!this.cache.has(key)) {
            return -1;
        }
        let value = this.cache.get(key);
        this._updateOrder(key);
        return value;
    }
    put(key, value) {
        if (this.cache.has(key)) {
            this.cache.set(key, value);
            this._updateOrder(key);
        } else {
            if (this.cache.size >= this.capacity) {
                let lru = this.order.shift();
                this.cache.delete(lru);
            }
            this.cache.set(key, value);
            this.order.push(key);
        }
    }
    _updateOrder(key) {
        let index = this.order.indexOf(key);
        if (index > -1) {
            this.order.splice(index, 1);
        }
        this.order.push(key);
    }
}
// Example usage
let lru = new LRUCache(2);
lru.put(1, 1);
lru.put(2, 2);
console.log(lru.get(1)); 
lru.put(3, 3); 
console.log(lru.get(2)); 
lru.put(4, 4); 
console.log(lru.get(1)); 
console.log(lru.get(3)); 
console.log(lru.get(4));

Output

Time complexity: O(n) for the updating the order array.

LRU Cache using JavaScript

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LRU Cache using JavaScript

Using Map and Doubly Linked List

Using Map and Array

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