Open In App

Window Object in JavaScript

Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025
Comments
Improve
Suggest changes
Like Article
Like
Report

In JavaScript, the Window object represents the browser window that contains a DOM document.

The Window object offers various properties and methods that enable interaction with the browser environment, including manipulating the document, handling events, managing timers, displaying dialog boxes, and more.

Window Object Properties

The Window object in JavaScript has numerous properties that provide access to various aspects of the browser environment and the window itself. Here are some commonly used properties:

Property Name

Description

window.documentRefers to the Document object representing the HTML document shown in the window.
window.consoleReturns the window's Console object.
window.locationThe location attribute makes reference to the Location object, which has data about the page's current URL.
window.defaultStatusIt is now Abandoned.
window.closedIf a window is closed, it returns a true boolean value.
window.frameElementIt gives the window's current frame back.
window.framereturns every window item currently active in the window.
window.historyRetrieves the window's History object.
window.lengthIt gives the number of iframe> elements currently present in the window.
window.localStorageprovides the ability to store key/value pairs in a web browser. stores data without a time.
window.innerWidth and window.innerHeightWithout including the toolbars and scrollbars, these characteristics describe the width & height of the browser window.
window.openerIt returns a pointer to the window that created the window in the opener function.
window.outerHeightYou can use outerHeight to return the height of the browser window, including toolbars and scrollbars.
window.outerWidthYou can outerWidth to get the width of the browser window, including toolbars and scrollbars.
window.nameReturns or sets a window's name.
window.parentBrings up the current window's parent window.
window.sessionStorageProvides the ability to store key/value pairs in a web browser. Contains data for a single session.
window.scrollXIt is a pageXOffset alias.
window.scrollYIt is a pageYOffset alias.
window.selfIt provides the window's current state.
window.statusIt is now Deprecated. Don't employ it.
window.topIt provides the top-most browser window back.
window.screenThe screen attribute makes reference to the Screen object, which stands in for the screen that the browser is shown on.
window.historyThe History object, which includes details about the current page's browsing history, is the subject of the history property.
window.pageXOffsetThe number of pixels that the current document has been scrolled horizontally.
window.pageYOffsetThe number of pixels that the current document has been scrolled vertically.
window.screenLeft:The x-coordinate of the current window relative to the screen.
window.screenTopThe y-coordinate of the current window relative to the screen.
window.screenXThe x-coordinate of the current window relative to the screen (deprecated).
window.screenYThe y-coordinate of the current window relative to the screen (deprecated).
window.navigatorAn object representing the browser and its capabilities

Window Object Properties Examples

Example 1: We will use the console property in this example to show how it works.

index.js 
// This is console property
console.log(window.location)

Output:

Location {ancestorOrigins: DOMStringList, href: 'chrome://new-tab-page/', origin: 'chrome://new-tab-page', protocol: 'chrome:', host: 'new-tab-page', …}

Window Object Methods:

Methods in JavaScript are functions associated with objects. They perform operations or calculate values. Here are some methods of the Window object:

Syntax:

window.MethodName()

NOTE: Depending on the attributes, a parameter could have any value, including a string, number, object, and more.

Here is a list of some of the methods of the window object:

Property NameDescription
window.open()This method opens a new browser window or tab.
window.close()This method closes the current window or tab.
window.alert()This method displays an alert message to the user.
window.prompt()This method displays a prompt message to the user and waits for their input.
window.confirm()This method displays a confirm message to the user and waits for their response.window.focus: brings the current window or tab to the front.
window.blur()Sends the current window or tab to the back.
window.postMessage()Sends a message to the window or frame that is targeted by the specified WindowProxy object.
window.scrollTo()Scrolls the window or frame to a specific position.
window.scrollBy()Scrolls the window or frame by a specific number of pixels.
window.resizeTo()Resizes the window to a specific size.
window.resizeBy()Resizes the window by a specific number of pixels.
window.atob()A base-64 encoded string is decoded via atob().
window.btoa()Base-64 encoding is done with btoa().
window.clearInterval()A timer set with setInterval() is reset.
window.clearTimeout()The function clearTimeout() resets a timer specified with setTimeout().
window.focus()It switches the focus to the active window.
window.getComputedStyle()This function returns the element's current computed CSS styles.
window.getSelection()It provides a Selection object corresponding to the user-selected text selection range.
window.matchMedia()The provided CSS media query string is represented by a MediaQueryList object created by the matchMedia() function.
window.moveBy()Relocates a window with respect to its present location.
window.moveTo()Relocates a window to the given location.
window.print()Displays what is currently displayed in the window.
window.requestAnimationFrame()Before the subsequent repaint, the browser is asked to invoke a function to update an animation using the requestAnimationFrame() method.
window.setInterval()At predetermined intervals, setInterval() calls a function or evaluates an expression (in milliseconds).
window.setTimeout()When a certain amount of milliseconds have passed, the setTimeout() method calls a function or evaluates an expression.
window.stop()It halts the loading of the window.

Window Object Method Example

Example 1: We'll use the window.alert method in this example to show how it works:

index.js 
// This is window.alert method
console.log(window.alert("GeeksforGeeks"))

Output:

Example 2: In this example, we'll use the setInterval() Method:

index.html 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
    <h2>The setInterval() Method</h2>
    <p id="demo"></p>
    <script>
        const element = document.getElementById("demo");
        setInterval(function () {
            element.innerHTML += "GeeksforGeeks</br>"
        }, 500);
    </script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

WindowObject
setInterval() Method Example Output

Conclusion

The Window object in JavaScript represents the browser window or frame. It offers properties like innerHeight, innerWidth, and screen, as well as methods like alert(), confirm(), and open(), enabling interaction and control over the window and document.


Window Object in JavaScript
Visit Course explore course icon

M
mrrobot01
Improve
Article Tags :

Similar Reads

We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
Lightbox