Library Management System Using Switch Statement in Java
Last Updated :
23 Jul, 2025
Managing a library is a very difficult task as we need to keep track of lots of things, we need to keep track of all books, how many copies there are and we also need to keep track whether they are available for students to borrow or not.
In this article, we will build a basic library management system in Java using switch statement. In this project, we will add various functionality such as adding new books, searching for books, and registering students.
Why Build this Library Management System?
While learning Java, exploring how to design and manage small applications makes our concepts more strong, with the help of this project we will understand the working of lots of things which are listed below:
- We get to know how to use switch statements for menu-driven applications
- We get to know how to manage data with classes and objects.
- We get to know how to implement core features like search, add, and update in a real-world scenario.
Features of the Project
The library management system will support the following operations which are listed below:
- Exit Application
- Add a New Book
- Upgrade Quantity of a Book
- Search a Book
- Show All Books
- Register Student
- Show All Registered Students
- Check Out Book
- Check-In Book
Let's now understand the project structure of this project.
Project Structure
Our mini-project will be split into five Java files and each will handle a specific part of the system. The table below demonstrates the file name with their responsibilty.
File names | Responsibilty |
|---|
Library.java | This is the main application with the menu and execution flow. |
|---|
book.java | This file represent individual book detail. |
|---|
books.java | This file manages the collection of books and related operations. |
|---|
student.java | This file represents individual student details. |
|---|
students.java | This file manages student records and book borrowing |
|---|
Note: As per naming conventions in Java, it is good practice to have class initial with uppercase letter still here we are adhering with lowercase for better understanding of the code.
Before we get into more details, let's first try to understand how the system is put together. As we already know each class is our project has its own work and all these files will work together to make the library management system work more smoothly. We are using different files because we do not want to make the code more complex, by keeping all the files seprate we are increasing the readability of the code.
Project Implementation
Now, let's look at each file and see how it help the whole system work.
1. book.java:
This file will hold the detail about each book including their serial number, Book name, Author name, total quantity and available quantity and the constructor will asks the user to enter these details whenever a new book is added.
Java
// Java Program to Illustrate book Class that
// takes Input from the books and related information
package College;
// Importing required classes
import java.util.Scanner;
// Class
public class book {
// Class data members
public int sNo;
public String bookName;
public String authorName;
public int bookQty;
public int bookQtyCopy;
// Creating object of Scanner class to
// read input from users
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// Method
// To add book details
public book()
{
// Display message for taking input later
// taking input via
// nextInt() and nextLine() standard methods
System.out.println("Enter Serial No of Book:");
this.sNo = input.nextInt();
input.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter Book Name:");
this.bookName = input.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter Author Name:");
this.authorName = input.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter Quantity of Books:");
this.bookQty = input.nextInt();
bookQtyCopy = this.bookQty;
}
}
2. books.java:
This class keeps track of all the books in the library with the help of an array. This class has multiple methods like method to add new book without allowing duplicates based on the serial number or name, we can also search for a particular book by the serial number or by the author name and can also see a list of all the books available in the system. We can also check how many copies of a book are available and can also handle the process of books in and out. Also, this class shows the menu options for managing books in the program.
Java
// Java Program to Illustrate books class
// To Do all the Operations related to Books such as
// add, check-in, check-out,Valid books,Update books
// Importing required classes
import java.util.Scanner;
// CLass
public class books {
// Class data members
book theBooks[] = new book[50];
public static int count;
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// Method 1
// To compare books
public int compareBookObjects(book b1, book b2)
{
// If book name matches
if (b1.bookName.equalsIgnoreCase(b2.bookName)) {
// Printing book exists
System.out.println(
"Book of this Name Already Exists.");
return 0;
}
// if book serial matches
if (b1.sNo == b2.sNo) {
// Print book exists
System.out.println(
"Book of this Serial No Already Exists.");
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
// Method 2
// To add book
public void addBook(book b)
{
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (this.compareBookObjects(b, this.theBooks[i])
== 0)
return;
}
if (count < 50) {
theBooks[count] = b;
count++;
}
else {
System.out.println(
"No Space to Add More Books.");
}
}
// Method 3
// To search book by serial number
public void searchBySno()
{
// Display message
System.out.println(
"\t\t\t\tSEARCH BY SERIAL NUMBER\n");
// Class data members
int sNo;
System.out.println("Enter Serial No of Book:");
sNo = input.nextInt();
int flag = 0;
System.out.println(
"S.No\t\tName\t\tAuthor\t\tAvailable Qty\t\tTotal Qty");
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (sNo == theBooks[i].sNo) {
System.out.println(
theBooks[i].sNo + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].bookName + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].authorName + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].bookQtyCopy + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].bookQty);
flag++;
return;
}
}
if (flag == 0)
System.out.println("No Book for Serial No "
+ sNo + " Found.");
}
// Method 4
// To search author by name
public void searchByAuthorName()
{
// Display message
System.out.println(
"\t\t\t\tSEARCH BY AUTHOR'S NAME");
input.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter Author Name:");
String authorName = input.nextLine();
int flag = 0;
System.out.println(
"S.No\t\tName\t\tAuthor\t\tAvailable Qty\t\tTotal Qty");
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
// if author matches any of its book
if (authorName.equalsIgnoreCase(
theBooks[i].authorName)) {
// Print below corresponding credentials
System.out.println(
theBooks[i].sNo + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].bookName + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].authorName + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].bookQtyCopy + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].bookQty);
flag++;
}
}
// Else no book matches for author
if (flag == 0)
System.out.println("No Books of " + authorName
+ " Found.");
}
// Method 5
// To display all books
public void showAllBooks()
{
System.out.println("\t\t\t\tSHOWING ALL BOOKS\n");
System.out.println(
"S.No\t\tName\t\tAuthor\t\tAvailable Qty\t\tTotal Qty");
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
System.out.println(
theBooks[i].sNo + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].bookName + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].authorName + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].bookQtyCopy + "\t\t"
+ theBooks[i].bookQty);
}
}
// Method 6
// To edit the book
public void upgradeBookQty()
{
System.out.println(
"\t\t\t\tUPGRADE QUANTITY OF A BOOK\n");
System.out.println("Enter Serial No of Book");
int sNo = input.nextInt();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (sNo == theBooks[i].sNo) {
// Display message
System.out.println(
"Enter No of Books to be Added:");
int addingQty = input.nextInt();
theBooks[i].bookQty += addingQty;
theBooks[i].bookQtyCopy += addingQty;
return;
}
}
}
// Method 7
// To create menu
public void dispMenu()
{
// Displaying menu
System.out.println(
"----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Press 1 to Add new Book.");
System.out.println("Press 0 to Exit Application.");
System.out.println(
"Press 2 to Upgrade Quantity of a Book.");
System.out.println("Press 3 to Search a Book.");
System.out.println("Press 4 to Show All Books.");
System.out.println("Press 5 to Register Student.");
System.out.println(
"Press 6 to Show All Registered Students.");
System.out.println("Press 7 to Check Out Book. ");
System.out.println("Press 8 to Check In Book");
System.out.println(
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
// Method 8
// To search the library
public int isAvailable(int sNo)
{
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (sNo == theBooks[i].sNo) {
if (theBooks[i].bookQtyCopy > 0) {
System.out.println(
"Book is Available.");
return i;
}
System.out.println("Book is Unavailable");
return -1;
}
}
System.out.println("No Book of Serial Number "
+ " Available in Library.");
return -1;
}
// Method 9
// To remove the book from the library
public book checkOutBook()
{
System.out.println(
"Enter Serial No of Book to be Checked Out.");
int sNo = input.nextInt();
int bookIndex = isAvailable(sNo);
if (bookIndex != -1) {
theBooks[bookIndex].bookQtyCopy--;
return theBooks[bookIndex];
}
return null;
}
// Method 10
// To add the Book to the Library
public void checkInBook(book b)
{
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (b.equals(theBooks[i])) {
theBooks[i].bookQtyCopy++;
return;
}
}
}
}
3. Student.java:
This class represents a student in the library system. Each student has a name, registration number and each student can borrow upto 3 books at a time which are stored in an array and whenver a new student is added into the system, the program will asks for detials with the help of a constructor.
Java
// Java Program to Illustrate Student Class
// to take Input from the student and related Information
// Importing required classes
import java.util.Scanner;
// Class
public class student {
// Class member variables
String studentName;
String regNum;
book borrowedBooks[] = new book[3];
public int booksCount = 0;
// Creating object of Scanner class to
// take input from user
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// Constructor
public student()
{
// Print statement
System.out.println("Enter Student Name:");
// This keywords refers to current instance
this.studentName = input.nextLine();
// Print statement
System.out.println("Enter Registration Number:");
this.regNum = input.nextLine();
}
}
4.students.java:
This class will keep track of all the student registered in the library. It adds new students only when the registration number is unique. We can see a list of registered students as well, before a student borrow or returned a book this class will always check that this particular student is registered in the system or not. It also handles the process of student borrowing and returning book.
Java
// Java Program to Illustrate students Class
// To Do all the Operations related to students:
// add Students,check-in books,check out books,ValidStudent
// Importing required classes
import java.util.Scanner;
// Class
public class students {
// Creating objects of Scanner and students class
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
student theStudents[] = new student[50];
public static int count = 0;
// Method 1
// To add books
public void addStudent(student s)
{
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (s.regNum.equalsIgnoreCase(
theStudents[i].regNum)) {
// Print statement
System.out.println(
"Student of Reg Num " + s.regNum
+ " is Already Registered.");
return;
}
}
if (count <= 50) {
theStudents[count] = s;
count++;
}
}
// Method 2
// Displaying all students
public void showAllStudents()
{
// Printing student name and
// corresponding registered number
System.out.println("Student Name\t\tReg Number");
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
System.out.println(theStudents[i].studentName
+ "\t\t"
+ theStudents[i].regNum);
}
}
// Method 3
// To check the Student
public int isStudent()
{
// Display message only
System.out.println("Enter Reg Number:");
String regNum = input.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (theStudents[i].regNum.equalsIgnoreCase(
regNum)) {
return i;
}
}
// Print statements
System.out.println("Student is not Registered.");
System.out.println("Get Registered First.");
return -1;
}
// Method 4
// To remove the book
public void checkOutBook(books book)
{
int studentIndex = this.isStudent();
if (studentIndex != -1) {
System.out.println("checking out");
book.showAllBooks();
book b = book.checkOutBook();
System.out.println("checking out");
if (b != null) {
if (theStudents[studentIndex].booksCount
<= 3) {
System.out.println("adding book");
theStudents[studentIndex].borrowedBooks
[theStudents[studentIndex]
.booksCount]
= b;
theStudents[studentIndex].booksCount++;
return;
}
else {
System.out.println(
"Student Can not Borrow more than 3 Books.");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("Book is not Available.");
}
}
// Method 5
// To add the book
public void checkInBook(books book)
{
int studentIndex = this.isStudent();
if (studentIndex != -1) {
// Printing credentials corresponding to student
System.out.println(
"S.No\t\t\tBook Name\t\t\tAuthor Name");
student s = theStudents[studentIndex];
for (int i = 0; i < s.booksCount; i++) {
System.out.println(
s.borrowedBooks[i].sNo + "\t\t\t"
+ s.borrowedBooks[i].bookName + "\t\t\t"
+ s.borrowedBooks[i].authorName);
}
// Display message only
System.out.println(
"Enter Serial Number of Book to be Checked In:");
int sNo = input.nextInt();
for (int i = 0; i < s.booksCount; i++) {
if (sNo == s.borrowedBooks[i].sNo) {
book.checkInBook(s.borrowedBooks[i]);
s.borrowedBooks[i] = null;
return;
}
}
System.out.println("Book of Serial No " + sNo
+ "not Found");
}
}
}
5. Library.java:
This is the main class of our project where everything comes together. This class shows a welcome message and a menu of options to the user. Using a do-while loop and a switch statement, it lets the user choose what they want to do and then runs the right actions based on their choice. This class calls methods from the books and students classes to handle tasks like adding books, registering students, or checking out books. It even has a nested switch to let users search for books by either serial number or author name.
Java
// Java Program to Illustrate Application CLass
// To Create The Menu For the Program
// Importing required classes
import java.util.Scanner;
// Class
public class Library {
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Creating object of Scanner class
// to take input from user
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// Displaying menu
System.out.println(
"********************Welcome to the GFG Library!********************");
System.out.println(
" Select From The Following Options: ");
System.out.println(
"**********************************************************************");
// Creating object of book class
books ob = new books();
// Creating object of students class
students obStudent = new students();
int choice;
int searchChoice;
// Creating menu
// using do-while loop
do {
ob.dispMenu();
choice = input.nextInt();
// Switch case
switch (choice) {
// Case
case 1:
book b = new book();
ob.addBook(b);
break;
// Case
case 2:
ob.upgradeBookQty();
break;
// Case
case 3:
System.out.println(
" press 1 to Search with Book Serial No.");
System.out.println(
" Press 2 to Search with Book's Author Name.");
searchChoice = input.nextInt();
// Nested switch
switch (searchChoice) {
// Case
case 1:
ob.searchBySno();
break;
// Case
case 2:
ob.searchByAuthorName();
}
break;
// Case
case 4:
ob.showAllBooks();
break;
// Case
case 5:
student s = new student();
obStudent.addStudent(s);
break;
// Case
case 6:
obStudent.showAllStudents();
break;
// Case
case 7:
obStudent.checkOutBook(ob);
break;
// Case
case 8:
obStudent.checkInBook(ob);
break;
// Default case that will execute for sure
// if above cases does not match
default:
// Print statement
System.out.println("ENTER BETWEEN 0 TO 8.");
}
}
// Checking condition at last where we are
// checking case entered value is not zero
while (choice != 0);
}
}
Outputs:
1. Add Book:
2. Register Student:
Rent Book /Check Out Book
3. Show All Books:
4. Return The Book/Check-In Book:
5. Update the Quantity of the Book:
6. Search the Book:
7. Show All the Registered Student:
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