How to Run a Shell Script in Linux
Last Updated :
24 Dec, 2024
Shell scripts are a powerful way to automate tasks and manage system processes in Linux. These scripts, written in shell programming languages likeĀ Bash, allow users to execute a sequence of commands efficiently.
In this guide, we'll show the steps to check a shell script in Linux before running it, ensuring it is error-free and performs as expected. From verifying script syntax to understanding execution permissions, we'll show everything you need to run your scripts.
How to Execute Shell Script in Linux?
A shell script is a text file containing a series of commands written for a shell, such as Bash, Zsh, or Sh, to execute. It automates repetitive tasks, simplifies complex operations, and can include programming constructs like loops, conditionals, and variables.
They typically have a .sh
extension and can be executed directly if given the proper permissions.
To execute a Shell Script, you have to create it with the use of a text editor like nano or vi.
Here is: How to Create a Shell Script in linux
Step 1: Navigate to the Script's Directory
Now, in your terminal, use the cd
command to navigate to the directory where your script is located.
cd /path/to/your/script
For example:
Path to execute shell scriptAlso check: How to Create a Shell Script in linux
Use ls
to verify the script file is present in the directory:
ls
verify script fileStep 2: Check File Permissions
Check if the shell script has execute permissions. Use the ls -l
command:
ls -l script.sh
check shell script file permissionsIf you see -rw-
at the start of the permissions, the script is not executable.
Step 3: Grant Permission to Execute Shell Script
If needed, use the chmod
command to make the script executable:
chmod +x script.sh
granting permissons to execute shel script fileStep 4: Run the Shell Script
To run the shell script after checking all the permissions, use the command:
./script.sh
running the shell scriptAs you can see, once the script gets executed, it's output: Hello, World is shown in the terminal.
Common Errors in Running Shell Script
When running shell scripts in Linux, you may encounter several common errors. Hereās a list of these issues along with explanations and solutions:
1. Permission Denied
- Cause: The script does not have execute permissions.
- Error Message:
bash: ./script.sh: Permission denied
- Solution: Use
chmod
command to grant execute permissions:
chmod +x script.sh
Then, try running the script again:
./script.sh
2. Command Not Found
- Cause: A command in the script is either misspelled or not installed on the system.
- Error Message:
./script.sh: line X: command: not found
- Solution: Check the script for typos or invalid commands and install the missing command using your package manager. For example:
sudo apt install <command-name>
3. File Not Found
- Cause: The script is trying to access a file that doesnāt exist or is in a different location.
- Error Message:
./script.sh: line X: /path/to/file: No such file or directory
- Solution: Verify the file path in the script, use the
ls
command to ensure the file exists in the specified location.
Also Read:
Conclusion
Executing shell scripts in Linux is an essential skill for automating tasks and streamlining system processes. By following the steps outlined in this guideāsuch as creating a script, checking permissions, and resolving common errorsāyou can run shell scripts efficiently and with confidence. Understanding the basics of script creation and execution not only saves time but also ensures your scripts perform as intended.
Whether you're a beginner or an experienced user, mastering shell scripts opens up endless possibilities for managing tasks, handling files, and simplifying complex operations. As you practice and experiment, you'll uncover the true power of Linux scripting.
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