Generate an Array such that Average of triplet exist in given Array

Given an array A[] of length N and your task is to find an array B[] of size N+2, such that Average of (B[i], B[i+1], B[i+2]) equals to A[i] for each i (1 <= i <= N) .

Note: First two elements B[] must be zero.

Examples:

Input: N = 1, A[] = {3}
Output: B[] = {0, 0, 9}
Explanation: Let us understand it for each value of i (1 <= i <= 1)

• For i = 1: Average of (B[1], B[1+1], B[1+2]) = (0+0+9)/3 = 3. A[1] = 3. A[1] is equal to Average of (B[1], B[1+1], B[1+2]). Thus, output array B[] is correct.

Input: N = 4, A[] = {1, 3, 6, 5}
Output: {0, 0, 3, 6, 9, 0}
Explanation: The explanation is as follows:

• For i = 1: Average of (B[1], B[1+1], B[1+2]) = (0+0+3)/3 = 1. A[1] = 1. A[1] is equal to average of (B[1], B[1+1], B[1+2]).
• For i = 2: Average of (B[2], B[2+1], B[2+2]) = (0+3+6)/3 = 3. A[2] = 3. A[2] is equal to average of (B[2], B[2+1], B[2+2]).
• For i = 3: Average of (B[3], B[3+1], B[3+2]) = (3+6+9)/3 = 6. A[3] = 6. A[3] is equal to Average of (B[3], B[3+1], B[3+2]).
• For i = 4: Average of (B[4], B[4+1], B[4+2]) = (6+9+0)/3 = 5. A[4] = 5. A[4] = Average of (B[4], B[4+1], B[4+2]).

The condition met for each value of i. Thus, B[] is correct.

Approach: Implement the idea below to solve the problem

This problem can be solved using some mathematics, First we have to create a vector let say B and initialize first two elements of B[] as 0. For each N follow the below mentioned steps:

• Get sum of B[i] and B[i+1]
• The sum of current three consecutives of B[] will be: A[i]*3
• Third element, ie. B[i+2] will be: A[i]*3 - Sum(B[i] and B[i+1])
• Insert obtained Third element into vector B.

Steps were taken to solve the problem:

• Create a vector let say B.
• Initialize first two elements of B as 0.
• Create a variable let say j and initialize it to 0.
• Run a loop from i = 0 to i < N and follow below mentioned steps under the scope of loop:
  • SumOfFirstTwo = B[j] + B[j+1]
  • TotalSum = 3*A[i]
  • ThirdElement = TotalSum - SumOfFirstTwo
  • Insert value of ThirdElement into B.
  • Increment j.
• Print the array B.

Below is the code to implement the approach:

// CPP code to implement the approach

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

// Function to calculate
// the required sequence
vector<int> find_Sequence(int N, vector<int>& A)
{

    // Vector to store the elements
    vector<int> B = { 0, 0 };

    // Implementation of discussed approach
    int j = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        int sumOfFirstTwo = B[j] + B[j + 1];
        int TotalSum = A[i] * 3;
        int thirdElement = TotalSum - sumOfFirstTwo;
        B.push_back(thirdElement);
        j++;
    }

    // returning vector
    return B;
}

// Main Function
int main()
{

    // Input
    int N = 4;
    vector<int> A = { 1, 3, 6, 5 };

    // Function call
    vector<int> originalSequence = find_Sequence(N, A);

    // Loop for Printing the required sequence
    for (int i = 0; i < originalSequence.size(); i++) {
        cout << originalSequence[i] << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

import java.util.*;

public class Program {
    
    // Function to calculate the required sequence
    static List<Integer> findSequence(int N, List<Integer> A) {
        // List to store the elements
        List<Integer> B = new ArrayList<>();
        B.add(0);
        B.add(0);

        // Implementation of the discussed approach
        int j = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            int sumOfFirstTwo = B.get(j) + B.get(j + 1);
            int totalSum = A.get(i) * 3;
            int thirdElement = totalSum - sumOfFirstTwo;
            B.add(thirdElement);
            j++;
        }

        // Returning list
        return B;
    }

    // Main Function
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Input
        int N = 4;
        List<Integer> A = List.of(1, 3, 6, 5);

        // Function call
        List<Integer> originalSequence = findSequence(N, A);

        // Loop for Printing the required sequence
        for (int element : originalSequence) {
            System.out.print(element + " ");
        }

        System.out.println();
    }
}

def find_sequence(N, A):
    # List to store the elements
    B = [0, 0]

    j = 0
    for i in range(N):
        sum_of_first_two = B[j] + B[j + 1]
        total_sum = A[i] * 3
        third_element = total_sum - sum_of_first_two
        B.append(third_element)
        j += 1

    # Returning list
    return B

# Main Function
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Input
    N = 4
    A = [1, 3, 6, 5]

    # Function call
    original_sequence = find_sequence(N, A)

    # Loop for printing the required sequence
    for i in range(len(original_sequence)):
        print(original_sequence[i], end=" ")

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class Program
{
    // Function to calculate the required sequence
    static List<int> FindSequence(int N, List<int> A)
    {
        // List to store the elements
        List<int> B = new List<int> { 0, 0 };

        // Implementation of the discussed approach
        int j = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            int sumOfFirstTwo = B[j] + B[j + 1];
            int totalSum = A[i] * 3;
            int thirdElement = totalSum - sumOfFirstTwo;
            B.Add(thirdElement);
            j++;
        }

        // Returning list
        return B;
    }

    // Main Function
    static void Main()
    {
        // Input
        int N = 4;
        List<int> A = new List<int> { 1, 3, 6, 5 };

        // Function call
        List<int> originalSequence = FindSequence(N, A);

        // Loop for Printing the required sequence
        foreach (int element in originalSequence)
        {
            Console.Write(element + " ");
        }

        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}

function findSequence(N, A) {
    // Array to store the elements
    let B = [0, 0];

    let j = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        let sumOfFirstTwo = B[j] + B[j + 1];
        let totalSum = A[i] * 3;
        let thirdElement = totalSum - sumOfFirstTwo;
        B.push(thirdElement);
        j++;
    }

    // Returning result array
    return B;
}

// Driver Code
let N = 4;
let A = [1, 3, 6, 5];

// Function call
let originalSequence = findSequence(N, A);

// Printing the resulting sequence
console.log(originalSequence.join(" "));

0 0 3 6 9 0 

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)