Draw Square and Rectangle in Turtle - Python

The task of drawing basic geometric shapes, such as squares and rectangles, can be accomplished using Python's Turtle graphics library. Turtle graphics enables us to create shapes and patterns by controlling a "turtle" on the screen. Using simple commands like forward(), backward(), and others, we can easily draw squares and rectangles.

To get started with the Turtle module, you need to import it into your Python script:

import turtle

Drawing Square

Using Manual Turning (Non-loop Method)

In this approach, we will manually draw each side of the square and turn the turtle 90 degrees after each side. The process is repeated four times to complete the square.

import turtle
 
t = turtle.Turtle()

s = int(input("Enter the length of the side of the Square:"))

# drawing first side
t.forward(s) 
t.left(90) 

# drawing second side
t.forward(s) 
t.left(90) 

# drawing third side
t.forward(s) 
t.left(90) 

# drawing fourth side
t.forward(s) 
t.left(90) 

Input

100

Output

Explanation: In this code, we start by asking the user for the length of the side of the square. Then, we manually draw each side of the square by using t.forward(s) to move the turtle forward by s units and t.left(90) to turn the turtle by 90 degrees after each side. This process is repeated four times, each time drawing one side of the square. The left(90) ensures the turtle turns by 90 degrees to form right angles.

Using Loop

This method uses a loop to repeat the process of drawing each side of the square, reducing redundancy and making the code more efficient.

import turtle
 
t = turtle.Turtle()

s = int(input("Enter the length of the side of square:"))

for _ in range(4):
  t.forward(s) 
  t.left(90) 

Input 

100

Output

Explanation: In this approach, the user is again prompted to enter the side length of the square. A loop runs four times (for _ in range(4)), and during each iteration, the turtle moves forward by the specified side length (t.forward(s)) and turns 90 degrees (t.left(90)). This method achieves the same result as the first, but in a more concise and reusable manner by utilizing a loop instead of manually repeating the commands.

Drawing Rectangle

Using Manual Turning (Non-loop Method)

In this approach, we will manually draw each side of a rectangle and turn the turtle by 90 degrees after each side. The process is repeated for all four sides of the rectangle.

import turtle
 
t = turtle.Turtle()

l = int(input("Enter the length:"))
w = int(input("Enter the width:"))

# drawing first side
t.forward(l) 
t.left(90) 

# drawing second side
t.forward(w) 
t.left(90) 

# drawing third side
t.forward(l) 
t.left(90) 

# drawing fourth side
t.forward(w) 
t.left(90) 

Input 

100
120

Output

Explanation: In this code, the user is asked to input the length (l) and width (w) of the rectangle. The turtle then begins drawing by moving forward by the length of the rectangle (t.forward(l)) and turns 90 degrees using t.left(90). The process is repeated for the second side (width), and this continues for the remaining two sides of the rectangle.

Using Loop 

This method uses a loop to draw the rectangle, making the code more compact and reusable while alternating between length and width.

import turtle
 
t = turtle.Turtle()

l = int(input("Enter the length:"))
w = int(input("Enter the width:"))

for _ in range(4):
  
  # drawing length
  if _% 2 == 0:
    t.forward(l) 
    t.left(90) 

  # drawing width
  else:
    t.forward(w) 
    t.left(90) 

Input 

100
120

Output

Explanation: This approach uses a loop (for _ in range(4)) to repeat the drawing steps. The loop alternates between drawing the length and the width of the rectangle using an if condition (if _% 2 == 0). For even iterations (_ % 2 == 0), the turtle moves forward by the length of the rectangle, and for odd iterations, it moves forward by the width. After each side, the turtle turns by 90 degrees (t.left(90)).

Drawing a Character Using Turtle Graphics

Since as of now, you must have learned how to draw various basic geometrical illustrations like circle, square, rectangle. So, let's implement this knowledge to build something which you can really use in building games like let's draw a human being using the basic knowledge of geometrical knowledge.

import turtle

def draw_dream():
    window = turtle.Screen()
    window.bgcolor("white")
    draw_Scarlett()
    window.exitonclick()


def draw_Scarlett():
    brad = turtle.Turtle()
    brad.shape("turtle")
    brad.color("red")
    draw_head(brad)
    draw_body(brad)
    draw_arm(brad)
    draw_leg1(brad)
    draw_leg2(brad)


def draw_head(brad):
    brad.circle(60)
    brad.speed(3)
    brad.right(60)


def draw_body(brad):
    num = 0
    while num < 3:
        brad.forward(150)
        brad.right(120)
        brad.speed(1)
        num += 1


def draw_arm(brad):
    brad.forward(60)
    brad.left(60)
    brad.forward(60)

    brad.backward(60)
    brad.right(60)
    brad.backward(60)

    brad.right(60)

    brad.forward(60)
    brad.right(60)
    brad.forward(60)

    brad.backward(60)
    brad.left(60)
    brad.forward(90)


def draw_leg1(brad):
    brad.left(120)
    brad.forward(40)
    brad.right(120)
    brad.forward(120)
    draw_foot1(brad)


def draw_leg2(brad):
    brad.color("red")
    brad.right(180)
    brad.forward(120)
    brad.right(60)
    brad.forward(70)
    brad.right(60)
    brad.forward(120)
    draw_foot2(brad)


def draw_foot1(brad):
    brad.color("blue")
    num = 0
    while num < 4:
        brad.forward(20)
        brad.right(90)
        num += 1


def draw_foot2(brad):
    brad.color("blue")
    num = 0
    while num < 4:
        brad.forward(20)
        brad.left(90)
        num += 1


draw_dream()

Output

Explanation:

• draw_dream(): Initializes the Turtle window and starts the drawing of the character.
• draw_Scarlett(): Creates the turtle and calls functions to draw different body parts.
• draw_head(brad): Draws the head as a circle.
• draw_body(brad): Draws the body using a triangle.
• draw_arm(brad) and draw_leg1(brad), draw_leg2(brad): Draw the arms and legs with specific angles and movements.
• draw_foot1(brad) and draw_foot2(brad): Draws square-shaped feet with blue color.

Related Articles:

• Turtle Programming in Python
• Python Tutorial

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