CSS transitions are used to create smooth animations between two states of an element, enhancing interactivity and user experience.
HTML
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
<html>
<head>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
<style>
.box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
transition: background-color 0.5s;
}
.box:hover {
background-color: green;
}
</style>
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
- The .box class defines a square <div> with a blue background and a transition effect for the background-color property over 0.5 seconds.
- When the user hovers over the <div>, the :hover pseudo-class changes the background color to green, triggering the transition.
CSS Transition Properties
To create effective transitions, you should use at least two of the four key properties: transition-property and transition-duration. Here’s a detailed look at each property:
1. transition-property
This property allows you to select the CSS properties that you want to animate during the transition(change).
Syntax
transition-property: none | all | property | property1, property2, ..., propertyN;
- Values
- none is used to specify that no property should be selected.
- all is used to specify all the properties to be selected.
- We can specify a single property or a set of comma-separated properties property1, property2, ..., propertyN.
HTML
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
<html>
<head>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
<style>
.box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
transition-property: width;
transition-duration: 0.5s;
}
.box:hover {
width: 200px;
}
</style>
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
In this example
- The .box class defines a square <div> with a blue background.
- The transition-property is set to width, and transition-duration is set to 0.5s, enabling a smooth transition effect when the width changes.
- When the user hovers over the <div>, the :hover pseudo-class increases the width from 100px to 200px, triggering the transition.
2. transition-duration
This property allows you to determine how long it will take to complete the transition from one CSS property to the other.
Syntax
transition-duration: time;
Here, time can be in seconds(s) or milliseconds(ms), you should use 's' or 'ms' after the number (without quotes).
HTML
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
<html>
<head>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
<style>
.box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
transition-duration: 0.5s;
}
.box:hover {
background-color: green;
}
</style>
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
In this example
- The .box class defines a square <div> with a blue background and a transition duration of 0.5 seconds.
- When the user hovers over the <div>, the :hover pseudo-class changes the background color to green, and the transition occurs over 0.5 seconds.
3. transition-timing-function
This property allows you to determine the speed of change and the manner of change, during the transition. Like, the change should be fast at the beginning and slow at the end, etc.
Syntax
transition-timing-function: ease|ease-in|ease-out|ease-in-out|linear|
step-start|step-end;
HTML
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
<html>
<head>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
<style>
.box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
transition: background-color 0.5s;
transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;
}
.box:hover {
background-color: green;
}
</style>
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
In this example
- The .box class defines a square <div> with a blue background and a transition effect for the background-color property over 0.5 seconds.
- The transition-timing-function is set to ease-in-out, causing the transition to start and end slowly, with a faster change in the middle.
4. transition-delay
This property allows you to determine the amount of time to wait before the transition actually starts to take place.
Syntax
transition-delay: time;
HTML
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
<html>
<head>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
<style>
.box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
transition: background-color 0.5s;
transition-delay: 1s;
}
.box:hover {
background-color: green;
}
</style>
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
In this example
- The .box class defines a square <div> with a blue background and a transition effect for the background-color property over 0.5 seconds.
- The transition-delay is set to 1s, causing a 1-second pause before the transition starts.
Shorthand Property
You can combine all four transition properties into a single shorthand property, which simplifies the code and ensures readability.
Syntax
transition: (property name) | (duration) | (timing function) | (delay);
- property: The CSS property you want to animate (e.g., width, background-color).
- duration: The time the transition takes to complete (e.g., 0.5s for half a second).
- timing-function: The speed curve of the transition (e.g., ease-in-out for a transition that starts and ends slowly).
- delay: The time to wait before starting the transition (e.g., 1s for a one-second delay).
html
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
<html>
<head>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
<style>
.box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
transition: width 0.5s ease-in-out 1s;
}
.box:hover {
width: 200px;
}
</style>
<!--Driver Code Starts-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
<!--Driver Code Ends-->
In this Example
- The transition shorthand combines width, duration (0.5s), ease-in-out, and delay (1s) into one property.
- On hover, the width smoothly changes from 100px to 200px after a 1-second delay.
- The ease-in-out makes the transition start and end slowly, with a faster middle phase.
Best Practices for CSS Transitions
- Use the transition shorthand to simplify and organize your code.
- Apply transitions only to animatable properties like width, height, or background-color.
- Test transitions across devices to ensure consistent performance and smooth effects.
What are some common uses of CSS transitions?
- Creating hover effects on buttons and links
- Smoothly changing the size or position of elements
- Fading in or out elements
- Creating accordion or toggle effects
- Enhancing user interactions with visual feedback
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