Creating Instance Objects in Python Last Updated : 10 May, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report In Python, an instance object is an individual object created from a class, which serves as a blueprint defining the attributes (data) and methods (functions) for the object. When we create an object from a class, it is referred to as an instance. Each instance has its own unique data but shares the class's methods. Example: Python class Person: def __init__(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age # instance of the class a = Person("John Doe", 25) # Accessing attributes print(a.name) print(a.age) OutputJohn Doe 25 Explanation:__init__ method takes two parameters, name and age and initializes them for each instance.We then create an instance called a and pass the values "John Doe" and 25 to the constructor.We can access the instance's attributes using dot notation, such as a.name and a.age.Syntax of creating instance objectsclass ClassName: def __init__(self, parameters): # constructor code here # initialize instance variables# Create an instance of the classinstance_object = ClassName(parameters)ClassName: The name of the class.__init__: The constructor method, responsible for initializing the instance.self: A reference to the instance itself.parameters: Any data that needs to initialize the instance.When you instantiate a class, the __init__ method is called to initialize the object’s attributes.Examples of creating instance objectExample 1: In this example, we define a simple Car class to represent a car with basic attributes like make, model and year. We also add a method to simulate driving the car, which increases its mileage. Python class Car: def __init__(self, make, model, year): self.make = make self.model = model self.year = year self.mileage = 0 # Mileage starts at 0 def drive(self, distance): self.mileage += distance a = Car("Toyota", "Camry", 2022) # Car object print(f"{a.make} {a.model} ({a.year})") a.drive(100) print(f"Mileage: {a.mileage} miles") OutputToyota Camry (2022) Mileage: 100 miles Explanation:Car class has attributes for make, model, year and mileage.drive() method increases the mileage by the given distance.We create an instance a of the Car class and drive it for 100 miles.Example 2: In this example, we create a base class Animal and a derived class Dog. We use super() to call the parent class constructor and set the species to "Dog" by default. Python class Animal: def __init__(self, species): self.species = species # Base class attribute class Dog(Animal): def __init__(self, name, age): super().__init__("Dog") # Set species as 'Dog' self.name = name self.age = age dog = Dog("Buddy", 3) # Dog instance print(f"{dog.name} is a {dog.species} of age {dog.age} years") OutputBuddy is a Dog of age 3 years Explanation:Animal is a base class with one attribute species.Dog inherits from Animal and uses super() to set species as "Dog".dog object has a name and age along with inherited species.Example 3: This example demonstrates encapsulation by using double underscores (__) to make the balance attribute private. The class provides methods to deposit, withdraw and view the balance securely. Python class Bank: def __init__(self, name, bal=0): self.name = name self.__bal = bal def deposit(self, amt): if amt > 0: self.__bal += amt def withdraw(self, amt): if 0 < amt <= self.__bal: self.__bal -= amt def get_bal(self): return self.__bal acc = Bank("Alice", 500) acc.deposit(200) acc.withdraw(150) print(acc.get_bal()) Output550 Explanation:__bal attribute is private, meaning it cannot be accessed directly from outside the class.methods deposit(), withdraw() and get_bal() provide safe access and modification to the balance.After depositing 200 and withdrawing 150, the final balance is 550. Comment More infoAdvertise with us Next Article Dynamic Attributes in Python sukya1528 Follow Improve Article Tags : Python python-basics python-oop-concepts Practice Tags : python Similar Reads Python OOPs Concepts Object Oriented Programming is a fundamental concept in Python, empowering developers to build modular, maintainable, and scalable applications. 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