C++ Program to Maximize count of corresponding same elements in given permutations using cyclic rotations

Last Updated : 18 Aug, 2023

Given two permutations P1 and P2 of numbers from 1 to N, the task is to find the maximum count of corresponding same elements in the given permutations by performing a cyclic left or right shift on P1.
Examples:

Input: P1 = [5 4 3 2 1], P2 = [1 2 3 4 5]
Output: 1
Explanation:
We have a matching pair at index 2 for element 3.
Input: P1 = [1 3 5 2 4 6], P2 = [1 5 2 4 3 6]
Output: 3
Explanation:
Cyclic shift of second permutation towards right would give 6 1 5 2 4 3, and we get a match of 5, 2, 4. Hence, the answer is 3 matching pairs.

Naive Approach: The naive approach is to check for every possible shift in both the left and right direction count the number of matching pairs by looping through all the permutations formed.
Time Complexity: O(N²)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Efficient Approach: The above naive approach can be optimized. The idea is for every element to store the smaller distance between positions of this element from the left and right sides in separate arrays. Hence, the solution to the problem will be calculated as the maximum frequency of an element from the two separated arrays. Below are the steps:

Store the position of all the elements of the permutation P2 in an array(say store[]).
For each element in the permutation P1, do the following:
- Find the difference(say diff) between the position of the current element in P2 with the position in P1.
- If diff is less than 0 then update diff to (N – diff).
- Store the frequency of current difference diff in a map.
After the above steps, the maximum frequency stored in the map is the maximum number of equal elements after rotation on P1.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to maximize the matching
// pairs between two permutation
// using left and right rotation
int maximumMatchingPairs(int perm1[],
                         int perm2[],
                         int n)
{
    // Left array store distance of element
    // from left side and right array store
    // distance of element from right side
    int left[n], right[n];

    // Map to store index of elements
    map<int, int> mp1, mp2;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        mp1[perm1[i]] = i;
    }
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
        mp2[perm2[j]] = j;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        // idx1 is index of element
        // in first permutation

        // idx2 is index of element
        // in second permutation
        int idx2 = mp2[perm1[i]];
        int idx1 = i;

        if (idx1 == idx2) {

            // If element if present on same
            // index on both permutations then
            // distance is zero
            left[i] = 0;
            right[i] = 0;
        }
        else if (idx1 < idx2) {

            // Calculate distance from left
            // and right side
            left[i] = (n - (idx2 - idx1));
            right[i] = (idx2 - idx1);
        }
        else {

            // Calculate distance from left
            // and right side
            left[i] = (idx1 - idx2);
            right[i] = (n - (idx1 - idx2));
        }
    }

    // Maps to store frequencies of elements
    // present in left and right arrays
    map<int, int> freq1, freq2;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        freq1[left[i]]++;
        freq2[right[i]]++;
    }

    int ans = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        // Find maximum frequency
        ans = max(ans, max(freq1[left[i]],
                           freq2[right[i]]));
    }

    // Return the result
    return ans;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Given permutations P1 and P2
    int P1[] = { 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 };
    int P2[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    int n = sizeof(P1) / sizeof(P1[0]);

    // Function Call
    cout << maximumMatchingPairs(P1, P2, n);
    return 0;
}