printf() function is originally declared under the <cstdio>header file. It prints the formatted string to the standard output stdout.
Syntax:
int printf(const char*word, .......)
Parameters:
- word: represents the string that needs to be printed on the standard output stdout,
- ....... : represents any no of extra parameters that can be passed to it.
Return Type: It returns the total number of characters written.
Example:
C++
// C++ Program to demonstrate
// use of printf()
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char a[] = "geeksforgeeks";
printf("The total no of characters returned by "
"printf() is %d",
printf("%s", a));
return 0;
}
OutputgeeksforgeeksThe total no of characters returned by printf() is 13
To know more about the return type of print() refer to return type of print() and scanf().
Example:
C++
// C++ Program to implement
// use of % with printf()
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 5;
printf("%d", a);
}
Note: Anything present with the '%' symbol inside printf() is termed a Format Specifiers.
Components of a Format Specifier:
- A '%' sign
- width - It is an optional field that determines the width field
- Precision
- Length
- Specifier
- Flags
Flags:
It is responsible for conversion behavior between two fields. It can be classified into:
- - : Left Justifies the answer.
- + : attached as a sign to the beginning of the result.
- space : By default, if nothing is present space is attached to the result.
- # : alternative form of conversion
- 0 : used to pad numbers mostly trailing zeroes in integer or floating-point numbers.
Format Specifiers:
Format Specifiers are used for taking inputs and printing the output of a type.
Specifier | Output | Example |
---|
d or i | Signed decimal integer | 360 |
u | Unsigned decimal integer | 7200 |
o | Unsigned octal | 555 |
x | Unsigned hexadecimal integer | 7fb |
e | Mantissa/Exponent notation | 4.567e+8 |
c | Character | k |
s | string of characters | geeks |
% | Prints the % sign to the output screen | |
Note:
.x f denotes the precision of float variables up to x decimal places
Example 1:
C++
// C++ Program to
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char course[]="geeksforgeeks";
printf("Owner of this article is %s",course);
return 0;
}
OutputOwner of this article is geeksforgeeks
Example 2:
C++
// C++ Program to demonstrate
// Use of %._f
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
float Self_paced_price = 3999.0,
system_design_price = 10999.0;
printf("the value of system design price / self paced "
"price is %.3f",
system_design_price / Self_paced_price);
return 0;
}
Outputthe value of system design price / self paced price is 2.750
.3f depicts the value that should be printed within 3 decimal places.
Example 3:
C++
// C++ Program implement
// Decimal to Octal
// Conversion using '%o'.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int decimal_number = 13;
printf("Decimal to Octal conversion of %d is %o",
decimal_number, decimal_number);
return 0;
}
OutputDecimal to Octal conversion of 13 is 15
Example 4:
C++
// C++ Program to implement
// Decimal to hexadecimal
// Conversion using '%x'
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int decimal_number = 13;
printf("Decimal to Hexadecimal conversion of %d is %x",
decimal_number, decimal_number);
return 0;
}
OutputDecimal to Hexadecimal conversion of 13 is d
Example 5:
C++
// C++ Program to
// Char to int Conversion
// and Vice Versa.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 78;
printf("%c\n", a);
int b = 'g';
printf("%d", b);
return 0;
}
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