Count of given Strings in 2D character Array using Trie
Last Updated :
30 Nov, 2023
Counting the number of occurrences of a given string in a 2D character array using a Trie.
Examples:
Input: vector<string> grid = {"abcde", "fghij", "xyabc", "klmno",}; string word = "abc";
Output: 2
Explanation: abc occurs twice in "abcde", "xyabc"
Input: vector<string> grid = {"abcde", "fghij", "xyabc", "klmno",}; string word = "klm";
Output: 1
Explanation: klm occurs once in "klmno"
Approach:
Counting the number of occurrences of a given string in a 2D character array using a Trie approach involves building a Trie data structure from the 2D array and then searching for the given string in the Trie.
- We first build a Trie from the given word.
- Then, we iterate through the 2D character array and construct substrings from each starting position.
- If a substring exists in the Trie, we increment the count.
- Finally, we return the count, which represents the number of occurrences of the given string in the 2D array.
Implementation:
C++
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
const int ALPHABET_SIZE = 26;
// Trie Node
struct TrieNode {
TrieNode* children[ALPHABET_SIZE];
bool isEndOfWord;
TrieNode()
{
isEndOfWord = false;
for (int i = 0; i < ALPHABET_SIZE; i++) {
children[i] = nullptr;
}
}
};
// Trie class
class Trie {
public:
Trie() { root = new TrieNode(); }
// Insert a word into the Trie
void insert(const string& word)
{
TrieNode* current = root;
for (char c : word) {
int index = c - 'a';
if (!current->children[index]) {
current->children[index] = new TrieNode();
}
current = current->children[index];
}
current->isEndOfWord = true;
}
// Search for a word in the Trie
bool search(const string& word)
{
TrieNode* current = root;
for (char c : word) {
int index = c - 'a';
if (!current->children[index]) {
return false;
}
current = current->children[index];
}
return current->isEndOfWord;
}
private:
TrieNode* root;
};
// Count occurrences of a word in a 2D array using Trie
int countWordsIn2DArray(vector<string>& grid,
const string& word)
{
int rows = grid.size();
int cols = grid[0].size();
int count = 0;
Trie trie;
trie.insert(word);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
string current = "";
for (int k = j; k < cols; k++) {
current += grid[i][k];
if (trie.search(current)) {
count++;
}
}
}
}
return count;
}
int main()
{
vector<string> grid = {
"abcde",
"fghij",
"xyabc",
"klmno",
};
string word = "abc";
int result = countWordsIn2DArray(grid, word);
cout << result << endl;
return 0;
}
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
// TrieNode class represents a node in the Trie data structure
class TrieNode {
private TrieNode[] children; // An array to store references to child nodes
private boolean isEndOfWord; // Indicates if this node marks the end of a word
public TrieNode() {
children = new TrieNode[26]; // Assuming lowercase English letters
Arrays.fill(children, null); // Initialize the children array to null
isEndOfWord = false; // Initialize the end of word flag to false
}
public TrieNode[] getChildren() {
return children;
}
public boolean isEndOfWord() {
return isEndOfWord;
}
public void setEndOfWord(boolean endOfWord) {
isEndOfWord = endOfWord;
}
}
// Trie class represents a Trie data structure
class Trie {
private TrieNode root;
public Trie() {
root = new TrieNode(); // Initialize the root node
}
// Insert a word into the Trie
public void insert(String word) {
TrieNode current = root; // Start from the root
for (char c : word.toCharArray()) {
int index = c - 'a'; // Calculate the index for the character 'a' to 'z'
if (current.getChildren()[index] == null) {
current.getChildren()[index] = new TrieNode(); // Create a new node if it doesn't exist
}
current = current.getChildren()[index]; // Move to the child node
}
current.setEndOfWord(true); // Mark the last node as the end of the word
}
// Search for a word in the Trie
public boolean search(String word) {
TrieNode current = root; // Start from the root
for (char c : word.toCharArray()) {
int index = c - 'a'; // Calculate the index for the character 'a' to 'z'
if (current.getChildren()[index] == null) {
return false; // If a character is not found in the Trie, the word is not present
}
current = current.getChildren()[index]; // Move to the child node
}
return current.isEndOfWord(); // Check if the last node marks the end of a word
}
}
public class WordSearchIn2DArray {
// Count the number of occurrences of a word in a 2D grid of characters
public static int countWordsIn2DArray(String[] grid, String word) {
int rows = grid.length;
int cols = grid[0].length();
int count = 0;
Trie trie = new Trie(); // Create a Trie data structure
trie.insert(word); // Insert the target word into the Trie
// Iterate through the grid to search for the word
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
StringBuilder current = new StringBuilder(); // A StringBuilder to build the current word
for (int k = j; k < cols; k++) {
current.append(grid[i].charAt(k)); // Append characters from the grid
if (trie.search(current.toString())) {
count++; // If a matching word is found, increment the count
}
}
}
}
return count;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] grid = {
"abcde",
"fghij",
"xyabc",
"klmno"
};
String word = "abc";
int result = countWordsIn2DArray(grid, word);
System.out.println(result); // Print the result
}
}
# Python program for the above approach
# Create a trie node structure
class TrieNode:
# Trie node class
def __init__(self):
self.children = [None] * 26
# isEndOfWord is True if it's end of a word
self.isEndOfWord = False
# Trie data structure class
class Trie:
# initialize the root
def __init__(self):
self.root = self.getNode()
# Returns a new trie node
def getNode(self):
return TrieNode()
# Converts the current character into an index
def _charToIndex(self, ch):
return ord(ch) - ord('a')
# Insert a string into the trie
def insert(self, word):
# Start at the root of the trie
pCrawl = self.root
length = len(word)
# Iterate through each character in the word
for i in range(length):
# Convert the current character to an index
index = self._charToIndex(word[i])
# If the current character is not present
# create it
if not pCrawl.children[index]:
pCrawl.children[index] = self.getNode()
# Move to the child node and continue
pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index]
# Mark last node as end of the word
pCrawl.isEndOfWord = True
# Search for a string in the trie
def search(self, word):
# Start at the root of the trie
pCrawl = self.root
length = len(word)
# Iterate through each character in the target word
for i in range(length):
# Convert the current character to an index
index = self._charToIndex(word[i])
if not pCrawl.children[index]:
return False
# Move to the child node and continue
# the search process
pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index]
return pCrawl.isEndOfWord
# Count string occurrences in a 2D array
def countWordsIn2DArray(grid, word):
# Calculate the row and column length
rows = len(grid)
cols = len(grid[0])
count = 0
# Initialize the trie data structure
trie = Trie()
trie.insert(word)
# Loop through all possible trie combinations
for i in range(rows):
for j in range(cols):
current = ""
for k in range(j,cols):
current += grid[i][k]
# Call the search method to check
# if the string is present
if trie.search(current):
# if present, increment count
count += 1
return count
# Driver function
def main():
grid = ["abcde", "fghij", "xyabc", "klmno",]
word = "abc"
result = countWordsIn2DArray(grid, word)
print(result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
# This code is contributed by Omkar N. Chorge (omkarchorge10)
// C# Code Addition
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace WordSearchIn2DArray
{
// TrieNode class represents a node in the Trie data structure
class TrieNode
{
private TrieNode[] children; // An array to store references to child nodes
private bool isEndOfWord; // Indicates if this node marks the end of a word
public TrieNode()
{
children = new TrieNode[26]; // Assuming lowercase English letters
Array.Fill(children, null); // Initialize the children array to null
isEndOfWord = false; // Initialize the end of word flag to false
}
public TrieNode[] GetChildren()
{
return children;
}
public bool IsEndOfWord()
{
return isEndOfWord;
}
public void SetEndOfWord(bool endOfWord)
{
isEndOfWord = endOfWord;
}
}
// Trie class represents a Trie data structure
class Trie
{
private TrieNode root;
public Trie()
{
root = new TrieNode(); // Initialize the root node
}
// Insert a word into the Trie
public void Insert(string word)
{
TrieNode current = root; // Start from the root
foreach (char c in word.ToCharArray())
{
int index = c - 'a'; // Calculate the index for the character 'a' to 'z'
if (current.GetChildren()[index] == null)
{
current.GetChildren()[index] = new TrieNode(); // Create a new node if
// it doesn't exist
}
current = current.GetChildren()[index]; // Move to the child node
}
current.SetEndOfWord(true); // Mark the last node as the end of the word
}
// Search for a word in the Trie
public bool Search(string word)
{
TrieNode current = root; // Start from the root
foreach (char c in word.ToCharArray())
{
int index = c - 'a'; // Calculate the index for the character 'a' to 'z'
if (current.GetChildren()[index] == null)
{
return false; // If a character is not found in the Trie, the word is
// not present
}
current = current.GetChildren()[index]; // Move to the child node
}
return current.IsEndOfWord(); // Check if the last node marks the end of a word
}
}
public class WordSearchIn2DArray
{
// Count the number of occurrences of a word in a 2D grid of characters
public static int CountWordsIn2DArray(string[] grid, string word)
{
int rows = grid.Length;
int cols = grid[0].Length;
int count = 0;
Trie trie = new Trie(); // Create a Trie data structure
trie.Insert(word); // Insert the target word into the Trie
// Iterate through the grid to search for the word
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
string current = ""; // A string to build the current word
for (int k = j; k < cols; k++)
{
current += grid[i][k]; // Append characters from the grid
if (trie.Search(current))
{
count++; // If a matching word is found, increment the count
}
}
}
}
return count;
}
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
string[] grid = {
"abcde",
"fghij",
"xyabc",
"klmno"
};
string word = "abc";
int result = CountWordsIn2DArray(grid, word);
Console.WriteLine(result); // Print the result
}
}
}
// This code is contributed by Tapesh(tapeshdua420)
// TrieNode class represents a node in the Trie data structure
class TrieNode {
constructor() {
this.children = new Array(26).fill(null); // An array to store references to child nodes
this.isEndOfWord = false; // Indicates if this node marks the end of a word
}
}
// Trie class represents a Trie data structure
class Trie {
constructor() {
this.root = new TrieNode(); // Initialize the root node
}
// Insert a word into the Trie
insert(word) {
let current = this.root; // Start from the root
for (const c of word) {
const index = c.charCodeAt(0) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0); // Calculate the index for the character 'a' to 'z'
if (!current.children[index]) {
current.children[index] = new TrieNode(); // Create a new node if it doesn't exist
}
current = current.children[index]; // Move to the child node
}
current.isEndOfWord = true; // Mark the last node as the end of the word
}
// Search for a word in the Trie
search(word) {
let current = this.root; // Start from the root
for (const c of word) {
const index = c.charCodeAt(0) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0); // Calculate the index for the character 'a' to 'z'
if (!current.children[index]) {
return false; // If a character is not found in the Trie, the word is not present
}
current = current.children[index]; // Move to the child node
}
return current.isEndOfWord; // Check if the last node marks the end of a word
}
}
// Count the number of occurrences of a word in a 2D grid of characters
function countWordsIn2DArray(grid, word) {
const rows = grid.length;
const cols = grid[0].length;
let count = 0;
const trie = new Trie(); // Create a Trie data structure
trie.insert(word); // Insert the target word into the Trie
// Iterate through the grid to search for the word
for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
let current = ''; // A string to build the current word
for (let k = j; k < cols; k++) {
current += grid[i][k]; // Append characters from the grid
if (trie.search(current)) {
count++; // If a matching word is found, increment the count
}
}
}
}
return count;
}
// Example usage
const grid = [
"abcde",
"fghij",
"xyabc",
"klmno"
];
const word = "abc";
const result = countWordsIn2DArray(grid, word);
console.log(result); // Print the result
Time Complexity: O(K + R * C * N), where K is the length of the input word, R is the number of rows, C is the number of columns, and N is the maximum length of the substrings generated from the 2D array.
Auxiliary Space complexity: O(K), where K is the length of the input word
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