C++ String Class and its Applications
Last Updated :
21 Sep, 2022
C++ string class and its applications have more functions as discussed in this article String vs Character Array In C++, in addition to a character array, there exists a similar kind of way to implement string, that is using a string class which is a part of C++ standard library.
We need to add a header file to implement string using string class. The basic difference between a character array and a string is, in the case of a character array, the size has to be allotted at the time of declaration, i.e all memory once allocated is fixed and cannot be altered at run time. Whereas, for string, there is no need to specify the size and to allocate fixed memory at the time of declaration.
C++
// C++ Program to Demonstrate String Class
#include<iostream>
// for string class
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Size has to be predefined in character array
char str[80] = "GeeksforGeeks";
// Size not predefined in string
string s("GeeksforGeeks");
// Printing character array and string
cout << str << endl;
cout << s << endl;
return 0;
}
OutputGeeksforGeeks
GeeksforGeeks
Some useful String Functions
1. compare(string_to_compare ):
It is used to compare two strings. It returns the difference between the second string and the first string in the integer.
C++
// C++ program to demonstrate use of compare()
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str("GeeksforGeeks");
string str1("GeeksforGeeks");
// Comparing strings using compare()
if (str.compare(str1) == 0)
cout << "Strings are equal";
else
cout << "Strings are unequal";
return 0;
}
2. find(“string”):
Searches the string for the first occurrence of the substring specified in arguments. It returns the position of the first occurrence of substring.
3. find_first_of(“string”):
Searches the string for the first character that matches any of the characters specified in its arguments. It returns the position of the first character that matches.
4. find_last_of(“string”):
Searches the string for the last character that matches any of the characters specified in its arguments. It returns the position of the last character that matches.
5. rfind(“string”):
Searches the string for the last occurrence of the substring specified in arguments. It returns the position of the last occurrence of a substring
C++
// C++ program to demonstrate working of find(),
// rfind(),find_first_of() and find_last_of()
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str("The Geeks for Geeks");
// find() returns position to first
// occurrence of substring "Geeks"
cout << "First occurrence of \"Geeks\" starts from : ";
cout << str.find("Geeks") << endl;
// Prints position of first occurrence of
// any character of "reef" (Prints 2)
cout << "First occurrence of character from \"reef\" is at : ";
cout << str.find_first_of("reef") << endl;
// Prints position of last occurrence of
// any character of "reef" (Prints 16)
cout << "Last occurrence of character from \"reef\" is at : ";
cout << str.find_last_of("reef") << endl;
// rfind() returns position to last
// occurrence of substring "Geeks"
// Prints 14
cout << "Last occurrence of \"Geeks\" starts from : ";
cout << str.rfind("Geeks") << endl;
return 0;
}
OutputFirst occurrence of "Geeks" starts from : 4
First occurrence of character from "reef" is at : 2
Last occurrence of character from "reef" is at : 16
Last occurrence of "Geeks" starts from : 14
6. insert(pos_to_begin,string_to_insert):
This function inserts the given substring in the string. It takes two arguments, first the position from which you want to insert the substring and second the substring.
C++
// C++ program to demonstrate working of insert()
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str("Geeksfor");
// Printing the original string
cout << str << endl;
// Inserting "Geeks" at 8th index position
str.insert(8,"Geeks");
// Printing the modified string
// Prints "GeeksforGeeks"
cout << str << endl;
return 0;
}
OutputGeeksfor
GeeksforGeeks
7. clear():
This function clears all the characters from the string. The string becomes empty (length becomes 0) after this operation.
8. empty():
Tests whether the string is empty. This function returns a Boolean value.
C++
// C++ program to demonstrate working of clear()
// and empty()
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str("GeeksforGeeks");
// clearing string
str.clear();
// Checking if string is empty
(str.empty()==1)?
cout << "String is empty" << endl:
cout << "String is not empty" << endl;
return 0;
}
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