C# Tutorial

C# (pronounced "C-sharp") is a modern, versatile, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft in 2000 that runs on the .NET Framework. Whether you're creating Windows applications, diving into Unity game development, or working on enterprise solutions, C# is one of the top choices for developers worldwide.

• C# originates from the C programming family and shares similarities with other widely-used languages like C++ and Java.
• Mainly used to develop the desktop apps, windows apps, games(with unity engine), mobile apps and web services etc.
• C# is the primary language for developing games using the Unity engine.
• With .NET Core, C# applications can run on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
• The latest version, C# 13 was released in November 2024 alongside .NET 9.

Hello World Program

// C# Hello World Program
using System;

class HelloWorldProgram {

    // Main Method
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {

        // "printing Hello World"
        Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
    }
}

Hello, World!

This C# tutorial covers everything from beginners to advanced level. We’ll start with the basics like setting up your environment, C# syntax, and writing "Hello World" program, data types, and loops etc. After that we will start with advanced topics like object-oriented programming, delegates, tuples, indexers, collections, multithreading, and LINQ etc.

.NET Framework Overview

• What is .NET Framework?
• .NET Framework Architecture
• Managed and Unmanaged Code
• CIL or MSIL
• Common Language Runtime(CLR)

Introduction

• What is C#?
• Installing and Setup Visual Studio Code
• Setting Up Enviornment Variables
• Hello World Program
• Excecuting Program on CMD

Basics

• Identifiers
• Variables
• Data Types
• Constants and Literals
• Scope of Variables
• Params
• Type Casting
• Comments
• Operators

Control Structures

• Decision Making: If-Else, Switch-Case
• Switch Statement
• Loops: For, While, Do-While
• Foreach Loop
• Jump Statements: Break, Continue, Goto

Arrays & Strings

• Introduction to Arrays
• Jagged Arrays
• Sorting an Array
• Introduction to String
• Verbatim String Literal – @
• StringBuilder in C#
• String vs StringBuilder

OOPS Concepts

• Class and Objects
• Methods
• Constructors
• Destructors
• Properties
• Access Modifiers
• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Method Overloading
• Method Overriding
• Abstract Classes
• Interface
• Sealed Classes

Delegates

• Delegates
• Predicate Delegate
• Action Delegate
• Func Delegate

Tuple

• What is Tuple?
• Tuple Class
• Tuple<T1> Class
• Tuple<T1,T2> Class
• Tuple<T1,T2,T3> Class
• Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4> Class
• Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> Class
• Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> Class
• Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> Class
• Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,TRest> Class

ValueTuple

• What is ValueTuple?
• ValueTuple Struct
• ValueTuple <T1> Struct
• ValueTuple <T1,T2> Struct
• ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3> Struct
• ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4> Struct
• ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> Struct
• ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> Struct
• ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> Struct
• ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,TRest> Struct

Indexers & Properties

• Indexers
• Multidimensional Indexers
• Overloading of Indexers
• Properties
• Restrictions on Properties

Multithreading

• Introduction to Multithreading
• Types of Threads
• Creating Threads
• Main Thread
• Lifecycle and States of a Thread
• Thread Class
• Scheduling a thread for Execution
• Check whether a Thread is Alive or Not
• Joining Threads
• Terminating a Thread
• Thread Priority in Multithreading

Exception Handling

• Exceptions
• System Level Exception vs Application Level Exception
• How to Use Multiple Catch Clause
• Nesting of Try and Catch Blocks
• Using Finally

Collections & Generics

• List
• SortedList with Examples
• HashSet
• SortedSet
• Dictionary with Examples
• SortedDictionary
• Hashtable with Examples
• Stack with Examples
• Queue with Examples
• LinkedList
• Hashtable vs Dictionary
• SortedList vs SortedDictionary

Collections Namespace

• Stack Class
• Queue Class
• Array Class
• ArrayList Class
• Hashtable Class
• BitArray Class
• SortedList Class

Generic Namespace

• HashSet<T> Class
• LinkedList<T> Class
• List<T> Class
• SortedSet<T> Class
• Dictionary Class
• SortedDictionary Class

System Namespace

• BitConverter Class
• Console Class
• Convert Class
• Decimal Struct
• Byte Struct
• Char Struct
• Int16 Struct
• Int32 Struct
• Int64 Struct
• UInt16 Struct
• UInt32 Struct
• UInt64 Struct

Specialized Namespace

• ListDictionary Class
• StringCollection Class
• OrderedDictionary Class
• HybridDictionary Class
• StringDictionary Class

C# 8.0

• Static Local Function
• Range and Indices
• Range Structure
• Index Struct

Windows Forms

• What is Windows Forms(WF)?
• Button Control
• Label Control
• RadioButton Control
• CheckBox Control
• TextBox Control
• ComboBox Control
• ToolTip Class
• RichTextBox Class
• MaskedBox Class
• NumericUpDown Class
• DateTimePicker Class
• ListBox Class
• GroupBox Class
• FlowLayoutPanel Class

C# Features

• Simple: C# is a user-friendly language that offers a structured approach to problem-solving. it provides a wide range of library functions and data types to work.
• Modern Programming Language: C# programming is a popular and powerful language that is for creating scalable, interoperable, and robust applications.
• Object Oriented: C# is an object-oriented programming language, which makes development and maintenance easier. In contrast, with procedure-oriented programming languages, managing code becomes difficult as project size grows.
• Type Safe: The code is type safe can only access memory locations that it has permission to execute. This feature significantly enhances program security.
• Interoperability: The interoperability process allows C# programs to perform all the tasks that a native C++ application.
• Scalable and Updateable: C# is a programming language that is scalable and can be updated automatically. To update our application, we remove the old files and replace them with new ones.
• Component Oriented: It is widely used as a software development methodology to create applications that are more strong and can easily scale.
• Structured Programming Language: C# is a structured programming language that allows us to divide programs into parts using functions, making it easy to understand and modify.
• Fast Speed: The compilation and execution time of C# language is fast.