Basic Database Operations Using C#
Last Updated :
31 Jan, 2023
In this article, you are going to learn about how to perform basic database operations using system.data.SqlClient namespace in C#. The basic operations are INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT and DELETE. Although the target database system is SQL Server Database, the same techniques can be applied to other database systems because the query syntax used is standard SQL that is generally supported by all relational database systems.
Prerequisites: Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio
Open Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio and write the below script to create a database and table in it.
create database Demodb;
use Demodb;
CREATE TABLE demo(
articleID varchar(30) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
articleName varchar(30) NOT NULL,
);
insert into demo values(1, 'C#');
insert into demo values(2, 'C++');
After executing the above script following table named demo is created and it contains the following data as shown in the screenshot.
Connecting C# with Database: To work with a database, the first of all you required a connection. The connection to a database normally consists of the below-mentioned parameters.
- Database name or Data Source: The database name to which the connection needs to be set up and connection can be made or you can say only work with one database at a time.
- Credentials: The username and password which needs to be used to establish a connection to the database.
- Optional Parameters: For each database type, you can specify optional parameters to provide more information on how .NET should connect to the database to handle the data.
Note: Here, we are using command prompt to execute these codes. To see the result, you can use the Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio.
Code 1#: Connecting with database in C#
csharp
// C# code to connect the database
using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace Database_Operation {
class DBConn {
// Main Method
static void Main()
{
Connect();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static void Connect()
{
string constr;
// for the connection to
// sql server database
SqlConnection conn;
// Data Source is the name of the
// server on which the database is stored.
// The Initial Catalog is used to specify
// the name of the database
// The UserID and Password are the credentials
// required to connect to the database.
constr = @"Data Source=DESKTOP-GP8F496;Initial Catalog=Demodb;User ID=sa;Password=24518300";
conn = new SqlConnection(constr);
// to open the connection
conn.Open();
Console.WriteLine("Connection Open!");
// to close the connection
conn.Close();
}
}
}
Output:
Connection Open !
Code #2: Using Select Statement and SqlDataReader for accessing the data in C#
csharp
// C# code to demonstrate how
// to use select statement
using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace Database_Operation {
class SelectStatement{
// Main Method
static void Main()
{
Read();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static void Read()
{
string constr;
// for the connection to
// sql server database
SqlConnection conn;
// Data Source is the name of the
// server on which the database is stored.
// The Initial Catalog is used to specify
// the name of the database
// The UserID and Password are the credentials
// required to connect to the database.
constr = @"Data Source=DESKTOP-GP8F496;Initial Catalog=Demodb;User ID=sa;Password=24518300";
conn = new SqlConnection(constr);
// to open the connection
conn.Open();
// use to perform read and write
// operations in the database
SqlCommand cmd;
// use to read a row in
// table one by one
SqlDataReader dreader;
// to store SQL command and
// the output of SQL command
string sql, output = "";
// use to fetch rows from demo table
sql = "Select articleID, articleName from demo";
// to execute the sql statement
cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
// fetch all the rows
// from the demo table
dreader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
// for one by one reading row
while (dreader.Read()) {
output = output + dreader.GetValue(0) + " - " +
dreader.GetValue(1) + "\n";
}
// to display the output
Console.Write(output);
// to close all the objects
dreader.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
conn.Close();
}
}
}
Output:
1 - C#
2 - C++
Code #3: Inserting the data into the database using Insert Statement in C#
csharp
// C# code for how to use Insert Statement
using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace Database_Operation {
class InsertStatement {
// Main Method
static void Main()
{
Insert();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static void Insert()
{
string constr;
// for the connection to
// sql server database
SqlConnection conn;
// Data Source is the name of the
// server on which the database is stored.
// The Initial Catalog is used to specify
// the name of the database
// The UserID and Password are the credentials
// required to connect to the database.
constr = @"Data Source=DESKTOP-GP8F496;Initial Catalog=Demodb;User ID=sa;Password=24518300";
conn = new SqlConnection(constr);
// to open the connection
conn.Open();
// use to perform read and write
// operations in the database
SqlCommand cmd;
// data adapter object is use to
// insert, update or delete commands
SqlDataAdapter adap = new SqlDataAdapter();
string sql = "";
// use the defined sql statement
// against our database
sql = "insert into demo values(3, 'Python')";
// use to execute the sql command so we
// are passing query and connection object
cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
// associate the insert SQL
// command to adapter object
adap.InsertCommand = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
// use to execute the DML statement against
// our database
adap.InsertCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
// closing all the objects
cmd.Dispose();
conn.Close();
}
}
}
Output:
Code #4: Updating the data into the database using Update Statement in C#
csharp
// C# code for how to use Update Statement
using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace Database_Operation {
class UpdateStatement {
// Main Method
static void Main()
{
Update();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static void Update()
{
string constr;
// for the connection to
// sql server database
SqlConnection conn;
// Data Source is the name of the
// server on which the database is stored.
// The Initial Catalog is used to specify
// the name of the database
// The UserID and Password are the credentials
// required to connect to the database.
constr = @"Data Source=DESKTOP-GP8F496;Initial Catalog=Demodb;User ID=sa;Password=24518300";
conn = new SqlConnection(constr);
// to open the connection
conn.Open();
// use to perform read and write
// operations in the database
SqlCommand cmd;
// data adapter object is use to
// insert, update or delete commands
SqlDataAdapter adap = new SqlDataAdapter();
string sql = "";
// use the define sql
// statement against our database
sql = "update demo set articleName='django' where articleID=3";
// use to execute the sql command so we
// are passing query and connection object
cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
// associate the insert SQL
// command to adapter object
adap.InsertCommand = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
// use to execute the DML statement against
// our database
adap.InsertCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
// closing all the objects
cmd.Dispose();
conn.Close();
}
}
}
Output:
Code #5: Deleting the data into the database using Delete Statement in C#
csharp
// C# code for how to use Delete Statement
using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace Database_Operation {
class DeleteStatement {
// Main Method
static void Main()
{
Delete();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static void Delete()
{
string constr;
// for the connection to
// sql server database
SqlConnection conn;
// Data Source is the name of the
// server on which the database is stored.
// The Initial Catalog is used to specify
// the name of the database
// The UserID and Password are the credentials
// required to connect to the database.
constr = @"Data Source=DESKTOP-GP8F496;Initial Catalog=Demodb;User ID=sa;Password=24518300";
conn = new SqlConnection(constr);
// to open the connection
conn.Open();
// use to perform read and write
// operations in the database
SqlCommand cmd;
// data adapter object is use to
// insert, update or delete commands
SqlDataAdapter adap = new SqlDataAdapter();
string sql = "";
// use the define SQL statement
// against our database
sql = "delete from demo where articleID=3";
// use to execute the sql command so we
// are passing query and connection object
cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
// associate the insert SQL
// command to adapter object
adap.InsertCommand = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
// use to execute the DML statement
// against our database
adap.InsertCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
// closing all the objects
cmd.Dispose();
conn.Close();
}
}
}
Output:
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