What is AWS Cloudformation?
Last Updated :
15 Jul, 2025
Amazon Web Services(AWS) offers cloud formation as a service by which you can provision and manage complicated services offered by AWS by using the code. CloudFormation will help you to manage the infrastructure and the services in the form of a declarative way.
AWS CloudFormation is an Infrastructure as Code (IaC) offering that allows you to describe and provision AWS infrastructure in a repeatable and automated way. You write CloudFormation templates (in JSON or YAML) to specify the resources you require, like EC2 instances, S3 buckets, or RDS databases, and CloudFormation does the work of creating, managing, and updating them for you.
With CloudFormation, you can treat your infrastructure as one unit, known as a stack, to be able to easily replicate and have consistency between various AWS environments and regions. This eliminates the requirement for manual configuration, which is prone to errors and takes time.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the service offered by the AWS cloud it is mainly used to provision the service in the AWS like EC2, S3, Autoscaling, load balancing and so on you can provision all the service automation with the Infrastructure as a code (IAC), instead of managing all of them manually you can manage with the help of AWS Cloudformation.
1. No Upfront Investment
AWS CloudFormation operates on a pay-as-you-go model, meaning there is no need for large upfront costs.
2. Lower Operating Costs
By automating infrastructure provisioning, CloudFormation helps reduce the time and resources needed for manual management, lowering operational expenses.
3. Highly Scalable
Easily scale your infrastructure up or down according to your needs without the hassle of manual intervention.
4. Easy Access
CloudFormation is integrated with the AWS Management Console, providing users with an intuitive interface to manage resources.
5. Reduces Business Risks and Maintenance Expenses
Automation through CloudFormation ensures consistency across environments, reducing human error and the cost of maintenance.
Use Cases Of AWS CloudFormation
1. Infrastructure Provisioning
You can automate provisioning of complex infrastructures in various environments using CloudFormation. Defining your infrastructure in code helps you to duplicate your infrastructure identically in other regions using one template.
2. Auto-Scaling Environments
You can create auto-scaling groups using CloudFormation so that your resources scale automatically depending on load, with optimal performance and cost.
3. Multi-Region Deployments
With CloudFormation, you can provision resources in multiple regions so that your infrastructure is disaster-resistant or resistant to a failure in a particular region.
CloudFormation supports integration with AWS Code Pipeline, Jenkins, and other CI/CD tools so that you can automate the deployment of infrastructure as well as application code.
1. Automation
AWS CloudFormation helps to automate the process of creating, configuring, and managing AWS resources. This allows for the infrastructure to be deployed quickly, reliably, and repeatedly.
2. Consistency and standardization
With AWS CloudFormation, it is possible to create standard templates of infrastructure stacks that can be used to create identical copies of the same infrastructure. This ensures consistency in the infrastructure deployment and makes it easier to maintain.
3. Cost savings
AWS CloudFormation helps to reduce costs by allowing customers to use existing infrastructure templates and reuse them across multiple environments. This reduces the cost of designing and deploying new infrastructure.
4. Security
AWS CloudFormation helps to ensure that all AWS resources are configured securely by using security policies and rules. This helps to protect the infrastructure from potential security threats.
5. Scalability
AWS CloudFormation allows for the quick and easy scaling of resources on demand. This means that customers can quickly and easily add resources to meet their changing needs.
Amazon Web Services is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms to individuals, companies, and governments, on a paid subscription basis.
Just imagine that you have to develop an application that uses various AWS resources. When it comes to creating and managing those resources, it can be highly time-consuming and challenging. It can become difficult for you to develop the application when you are spending the whole time managing those AWS resources. What if we have a service for that? So here comes AWS Cloudformation in the picture.
Our template is created in JSON or YAML script. We will be discussing the JSON script in this article. JSON is a text-based format that represents structured data based onresource JavaScript object syntax. It carries the AWS resources details in the structured format according to which AWS infrastructure is created.
- Format version: It defines the version of a template.
- Description: Any extra description or comments about your template are written in the description of the template.
- Metadata: It can be used to provide further information using JSON objects.
- Parameters: Parameters are used when you want to provide custom or dynamic values to the stack during runtime. Therefore, we can customize templates using parameters.
- Mappings: Mapping in the JSON template helps you to map keys to a corresponding named value that you specify in a conditional parameter.
- Conditions: Conditions are used to define if certain resources are created or when the resource's properties are assigned to a value when the stack is created.
- Transform: Transform helps in reusing the template components by building a simple declarative language for AWS CloudFormation.
- Resources: In this, you can specify the properties of AWS resources (AWS EC2 instance, S3 bucket, AWS lambda ) you want in your stack.
- Output: The output defines the value which is generated as an output when you view your cloud Formation stack properties.
Understanding The Core Concepts That CloudFormation templates use to organize resources, settings, and functions is key to managing AWS infrastructure efficiently.
1. Template
A CloudFormation template is a simply JSON or YAML file that defines the AWS resources to be created and configured.
2. Stacks
Stacks are the totality of the resources which are contained within a CloudFormation Template. When one wishes to roll out a template , they will be required to roll out a stack in which all the available resources in that stack will be rolled out as one.
JSON and YAML is used in handling templates within CloudFormation. YAML has been very much opted for in terms of using due to forthcoming advantages in smaller templates and large templates as well.
4. Change Sets
Change sets are used to examine what CloudFormation will do, in terms of modification or change , to the deployed resources when an update operation is required on a specific stack. It ensures that all the changes that are executed on the infrastructure do not create risks that were not intended.
5. Functions
CloudFormation comes with several built-in functions (like Fn::Sub, Fn::Join), and these functions are aimed at making dynamic configuration easier so that as the resources are being deployed, their properties can be adjusted and modified.
6. Parameters
These offer an opportunity for user interaction during the deployment of the stack thus making it easier to create templates that are flexible and reusable. For instance, given the instance types, VPC ids or environment variables can be indicated as parameters.
7. Conditions
Conditions enable or disable the creation of a resource depending on whether certain conditions are true or false (for example, it may depend on the environments of production or development). This allows for more complex template logic, deploying different resources based on provided parameters.
Deploying a CloudFormation template can be done through multiple methods, each catering to different preferences and workflows
The AWS Management Console offers a user-friendly way to deploy templates. Simply log in, navigate to CloudFormation, and select "Create Stack." You can then upload your template (in JSON or YAML format), configure parameters, tags, and permissions, and finalize by clicking "Create Stack." This method is ideal for those who prefer a visual, straightforward interface.
For a more graphical approach, CloudFormation Designer allows users to visually build or modify templates using a drag-and-drop interface within the AWS Console. After creating or adjusting your template, deployment is just a click away by selecting "Create Stack." This method suits users who enjoy visual tools for infrastructure design.
After ensuring the AWS CLI is installed and configured, you can deploy your template by running a simple command. This method is particularly useful for developers who want to integrate deployments into CI/CD pipelines or automate infrastructure tasks.
AWS CloudFormation Hooks is a powerful feature that helps ensure your CloudFormation resources comply with your organization’s security, operational, and cost optimization standards. CloudFormation Hooks allows you to implement custom code that proactively checks the configuration of AWS resources before they are provisioned. If any resources are found to be non-compliant, CloudFormation can either block the provisioning process or issue a warning while allowing the process to continue, providing enhanced control over your infrastructure setup.
Benefits of Using CloudFormation Hooks
1. Automatic Compliance Checking
CloudFormation Hooks automatically verify that your resources meet your organization’s rules and standards before deployment. By catching non-compliant resources early, it helps prevent issues and ensures that only resources compliant with your policies are provisioned in your cloud environment.
2. Personalized Checks
You have the flexibility to create custom checks tailored to your specific organizational needs. These checks ensure resources adhere to your defined standards before they are deployed, giving you full control over your cloud infrastructure.
3. Manage Resource Lifecycles
CloudFormation Hooks allows you to track and manage resources throughout their lifecycle, ensuring they remain compliant with your rules and standards from provisioning to decommissioning.
4. Cost Optimization
By enforcing guidelines that control resource usage, CloudFormation Hooks helps prevent unnecessary spending and ensures cost-efficient infrastructure management. You can set rules to limit the over-provisioning of resources, effectively controlling costs and optimizing spending.
5. Enhanced Security
CloudFormation Hooks adds an extra layer of security by enforcing strict security policies during resource provisioning. This ensures that unauthorized or risky configurations are prevented, thereby enhancing the overall protection of your cloud environment.
There are two main ways to create an AWS CloudFormation template:
1. Use Pre-Built Templates
You have two options when using a pre-built template:
- Choose an Existing Template: You can select a previously created template and customize it to fit your needs. This option allows you to modify the template to suit your current requirements.
- Use a Sample Template: AWS provides several sample templates to help you get started. You can choose one of these sample templates and modify it to deploy your infrastructure. This article uses this approach. Once you select a sample template, you can customize it to match your infrastructure setup.
2. Build Your Own Template from Scratch
If you prefer a more hands-on approach, you can use AWS Application Composer to visually design your template. This tool offers a drag-and-drop interface, making it easier to configure infrastructure components without needing to write code. It's a great choice if you want to build a template visually and generate it automatically.
Steps to Provision an EC2 Instance and LAMP Package Using AWS CloudFormation
An AWS CloudFormation template that provisions an EC2 instance and automatically installs the LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) on it. If you don’t have an AWS Free Tier account, you can refer to the Amazon Web Services (AWS) – Free Tier Account Set up.
- In the AWS Management Console, navigate to the CloudFormation dashboard and click on Create Stack.
Step 2: Choose a Template
- You'll be redirected to a new page. Select the option Use a sample template.
- Choose the LAMP stack template from the available options, then click View in Designer to see how the template is designed.
Step 3: Customize the Template in the Designer
- In the designer page, you will see the template, including an EC2 instance with Apache and MySQL installed. The security groups associated with the instance will also be visible here.
- You can modify this template as needed to meet your specific requirements.
Step 4: Rename the Template
- Once you’ve customized the template, give it a new name that suits your infrastructure setup.
Step 5: Review the Template Code
- The template is written in JSON format, which defines all the specifications and dependencies for the resources you’re provisioning.
Step 6: Exit the Designer
- Once you're happy with the template, click the cloud-shaped upload button to exit the designer and return to the main CloudFormation page.
- On the main page, click Next to proceed with configuring the stack settings.
Step 8: Name the Stack
- Provide a stack name for your CloudFormation stack to easily identify it later.
- Specify the name of the MySQL database you'd like to create. Set up the database password and provide a name for the database user.
Step 10: Choose Instance Type
- Select the instance type (e.g., t2.micro, m5.large) and choose an available key pair that will allow you to make an SSH connection to the EC2 instance.
Step 11: Skip Advanced Settings
- If you're not familiar with advanced configurations, you can skip this section and click Next.
Step 12: Create the Stack
- Finally, click Create Stack. CloudFormation will start creating the instance, and the LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) will be automatically installed on the EC2 instance.
AWS CloudFormation is a very Famous infrastructure-as-code tool for managing AWS resources several alternatives offer different features and support for multi-cloud environments. Listing out some of very popular alternatives.
- Terraform: Terraform is an open-source infrastructure-as-code tool where It Allows you to Implement CI/CD Pipeline By integrating Multiple cloud providers like Azure ,Google cloud and more
- Pulumi: Pulumi Is a Power-full Infrastructure-as-code tool That Allows you To Automate and provision your Resources .It supports various cloud platforms Like AWS, Azure, OCI and More Cloud Provider
AWS CloudFormation | Terraform |
|---|
AWS-specific, designed for AWS services. | Supports multiple cloud providers, making it versatile for multi-cloud environments. |
For More Please Refer to This Link : CloudFormation vs Terraform |
Conclusion
AWS CloudFormation is a tool that allows you to automate and manage AWS resources using code. With CloudFormation, you can define your infrastructure in JSON or YAML templates, making it easy to create, update, and replicate resources without manual intervention. This approach helps reduce errors, save time, and ensure consistency across different environments.
By automating tasks like scaling resources, multi-region deployments, and integrating with CI/CD pipelines, CloudFormation makes cloud management simpler and more efficient. It also helps lower costs and enhance security by ensuring all resources meet your organization’s standards.
Overall, AWS CloudFormation is a powerful tool for businesses that want to easily manage their cloud infrastructure, improve efficiency, and focus more on growing their applications rather than managing resources manually.
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