Angular 16 Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report Angular, the popular JavaScript framework, continues its journey of updation with the release of version 16, bringing some new improvements, and new features, as well as some breaking changes and deprecations. Table of Content What's new in Angular 16?Major Changes in Angular v16Deprecations in Angular v16Upgrade from Angular v15 to Angular v16Recent Articles on Angular:What's new in Angular 16?Angular SignalsAngular 16 introduces the Signal pattern, similar to the push/pull pattern found in the Solid.js library. This pattern allows you to retrieve values (pull) and update them (push) synchronously. Signals always have a value that increases the performance of Angular's change detection mechanism. Enhanced Hydration Developer Preview Improved hydration support allows Angular to reuse existing DOM nodes, that helps to better page load performance, especially on server-side rendered or pre-rendered pages. Faster Builds with esbuild Developer PreviewAngular CLI's new builders based on esbuild promise significantly reduces the build time. It also integrated with Vite for an enhanced development server experience. Server-Side Rendering (SSR) EnhancementAngular 16 addresses the lack of server-side rendering (SSR) support which is a significant improvement over previous versions. In earlier versions, Angular used destructive hydration for SSR, leading to issues like screen flickering and degraded user experience. With Angular 16, non-destructive hydration is introduced, that preserves the DOM while enhancing it with client-side features like event listeners, improving overall rendering performance. Route Params MappingAngular 16 simplifies to get URL parameter with improvements to the ActivatedRoute service. Previously, you had to rely on ActivatedRoute to access URL parameters, query parameters, and associated data. RxJS InteroperabilityAngular 16 introduces improved interoperability with RxJS that enables seamless integration with Angular's reactivity primitives. You can now easily "lift" signals to observables using functions from @angular/core/rxjs-interop, which is available in developer preview as part of the v16 release. Major Changes in Angular v16While the update to Angular v16 brings significant improvements, you also need to know about certain breaking changes that might impact existing applications: Node.js and TypeScript Version Requirements: Angular v16 makes important to use Node.js version 16 or 18 and TypeScript version 4.9 or later for compatibility with the latest ecosystem tools and language features.Removal of Angular Compatibility Compiler (ngcc): With ngcc's removal, Angular v16 removes the View Engine rendering architecture, shift to migrattion to Ivy-compatible libraries.Angular Package Format Changes: Changes to the Angular Package Format improved packaging and distribution of Angular libraries, including the removal of FESM2015 outputs and updates to EcmaScript 2022 outputs.Removal of ReflectiveInjector: ReflectiveInjector and related symbols are removed, you need to update the code to avoid references to ReflectiveInjector and utilize Injector.create instead.Updated Behavior for Router.createUrlTree: You need to adjust tests due to updated behavior in Router.createUrlTree, ensuring accurate test coverage in Angular v16 applications.Deprecations in Angular v16Angular v16 also marks certain features for deprecation, which indicates it will not be usable in future. Class and InjectionToken router guards and resolvers: Instead, use plain JavaScript functions for guards and resolvers, and inject dependencies using inject from @angular/core. Class and InjectionToken guards and resolvers are deprecated in Angular v16. You need to transit to use plain JavaScript functions and the inject function for injecting dependencies.The ripple properties of several Angular Material component: The ripple property of MatButton, MatCheckbox, and MatChip is deprecated in Angular v16. Ripples are now considered private implementation details of these components, and direct access to the ripple property is deprecated.Upgrade from Angular v15 to Angular v16Before updating to Angular v16 you need to check You are using a supported version of Node.js. Angular v16 supports Node.js versions 16x and 18x.You are using a supported version of TypeScript. Angular v16 supports TypeScript version 4.9.3 or later.You are using a supported version of Zone.js before you upgrade your application. Angular v16 supports Zone.js version 0.13.x or later.Follow these steps to update your application In the project directory of your Angular application, open a terminal or command prompt.Run the following command to update your application to Angular v16:ng update @angular/core@16 @angular/cli@16Angular v16 doesn't support View Engine libraries due to the removal of the Angular Compatibility Compiler (ngcc).Update your code to remove any reference to @Directive/@Component moduleId property as it does not have any effect and will be removed in v17.entryComponents is no longer available and any reference to it can be removed from the @NgModule and @Component public APIs.QueryList.filter now supports type guard functions. You need to update your application code that relies on the old behavior.After You UpdateOnce you have updated your application to v16, review your application and its interactions to ensure everything is working correctly. Make sure to test all functionalities and components to confirm that there are no regressions or unexpected behavior. Recent Articles on AngularPurpose of the FormsModule in AngularCreating an injectable service in AngularWhat is a custom directive in Angular?How to Create a new module in Angular?Interpolation vs. Property Binding in AngularUnderstanding Templates Variable in AngularWhat is pipe() function in Angular?Differece between JavaScript Modules & NgModuleRecursion in Angular DirectivesDifference Between required and ng-required in AngularJSHow to reuse template HTML block in AngularDisabling the Button when input field is empty in AngularAngular orderBy PipeAngular PrimeNG Table Custom Form ElementsDifference Between BehaviorSubject and ObservableConclusionAs Angular continues to evolve, updating applications to the latest version ensures access to new features, enhanced performance, and improved security. However, it's important to be aware of breaking changes and deprecations to avoid any potential issues during the update process. Comment More infoAdvertise with us Next Article Introduction to AngularJS S souravsharma098 Follow Improve Article Tags : Web Technologies AngularJS AngularJS-Basics Similar Reads AngularJS BasicsAngularJS TutorialAngularJS is a free and open-source JavaScript framework that helps developers build modern web applications. It extends HTML with new attributes and it is perfect for single-page applications (SPAs). AngularJS, developed by Google, has been important in web development since its inception in 2009. 5 min read Introduction to AngularJSAngularJS is a popular open-source framework that simplifies web development by creating interactive single-page applications (SPAs). Unlike traditional websites that load new pages for each click, SPAs offer a smoother user experience by updating content on the same page. AngularJS makes this possi 4 min read Angular CLI | Angular Project SetupAngular is an open-source front-end web application framework that is used for building single-page and complex web applications. By default, angular uses TypeScript for creating logic but as the browser doesn't know typescript it converts typescript into javascript in order to make typescript under 3 min read AngularJS ExpressionsIn this article, we will see the Expressions in AngularJS, along with understanding their implementation through the examples. Expressions in AngularJS are used to bind application data to HTML. The expressions are resolved by AngularJS and the result is returned back to where the expression is writ 2 min read AngularJS ModulesThe AngularJS module defines the functionality of the application which is applied on the entire HTML page. It helps to link many components. So it is just a group of related components. It is a container that consists of different parts like controllers, services, and directives. Note: These module 3 min read AngularJS ng-model DirectiveThe ngModel directive is a directive that is used to bind the values of the HTML controls (input, select, and textarea) or any custom form controls, and stores the required user value in a variable and we can use that variable whenever we require that value. It also is used during form validations. 4 min read AngularJS Data BindingIn this article, we will see the Data Binding in AngularJS, along with understanding the various types of Data Binding available with their implementations. Angular provides a function Data Binding which helps us to have an almost real-time reflection of the input given by the user i.e. it creates a 4 min read AngularJS ControllersIn this article, we will see the Controller in AngularJS along with knowing how Controller works, the concept of the Controller method & how the Controller can be implemented in an external. We will understand all these aspects with the help of their implementation & accordingly will its ill 3 min read AngularJS | ScopeScope in AngularJS is the binding part of HTML view and JavaScript controller. When you add properties into the scope object in the JavaScript controller, only then the HTML view gets access to those properties. There are two types of Scope in AngularJS. $Scope$rootScope Scope: There is few specific 2 min read AngularJS ServicesThe Services is a function or an object that avails or limit to the application in AngularJS, ie., it is used to create variables/data that can be shared and can be used outside the component in which it is defined. Service facilitates built-in service or can make our own service. The Service can on 4 min read AngularJS | AJAX - $httpThe AngularJS provides a control service named as AJAX - $http, which serves the task for reading all the data that is available on the remote servers. The demand for the requirement of desired records gets met when the server makes the database call by using the browser. The data is mostly needed i 3 min read AngularJS | TablesThe data in tables are basically repeatable, so you can use ng-repeat directives to create tables easily The example will clear the approach. Syntax: <element ng-repeat="expression">Content..<element> Displayed Data in table. html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title 2 min read AngularJS Select BoxesThe Select Boxes in AngularJS can be utilized to create dropdown lists, that are based on the objects or an array. The Select box can be created in 2 ways, i.e., either by using the ng-options directive that is used to build and bind HTML elements with options to model property or by using the ng-re 2 min read AngularJS SQLIn any web application, we need to save, update, insert and fetch data to and from a database. AngularJS is a JavaScript MVC (Model-View-Controller) framework developed by Google. It helps developers to build well-structured, easily testable, and maintainable front-end applications. Important Featu 3 min read AngularJS HTML DOMThe HTML DOM in AngularJS facilitates the directives that bind the application data with the attributes of HTML DOM elements. In this article, we will see such directives that help to bind the data to the HTML DOM element's attribute, along with their basic implementations through the illustrations. 2 min read AngularJS EventsAn Events in AngularJS can be used to perform particular tasks, based on the action taken. Both Angular Event & the HTML Event will be executed & will not overwrite with an HTML Event. It can be added using the Directives mentioned below: ng-mousemove: The movement of the mouse leads to the 3 min read AngularJS | FormsForms are collection of controls that is input field, buttons, checkbox and these can be validated real time. As soon as a user of the form completes writing a field and moves to the next one it gets validated and suggests the user where he might have went wrong. So a form can be consisting of the m 3 min read AngularJS Form ValidationAngularJS performs form validation on the client side. AngularJS monitors the state of the form and input fields (input, text-area, select), and notify the user about the current state. AngularJS also holds information about whether the input fields have been touched, modified, or not. Form input fi 3 min read AngularJS | APIAngularJS APIs are used for comparing, iterating and converting objects.Basic AngularJS API includes angular.isString() angular.lowercase() angular.uppercase() angular.isNumber() 1. angular.isString() It is used to check whether an object is a string or not.It returns true if the object is string ot 2 min read AngularJS and W3.CSSWhat is W3.CSS? W3.CSS is a modern framework with built-in responsiveness and easy to learn and use compared to other CSS framework.Its aim is to speed up and simplify web development and support modern responsive devices like Mobile, Laptop, Tablet and DesktopW3.CSS was designed to be a high qualit 2 min read AngularJS IncludesAngularJS includes, also called as ng-include directive, allows you to insert external HTML content dynamically into an AngularJS application. This capability is particularly useful for modularizing applications, improving code organization, and enhancing code reusability.Syntax:<element ng-inclu 3 min read AngularJS AnimationsTo create animation effects in AngularJS using the ngAnimate module, which provides support for CSS-based animations. Animation is something that is used to give a dynamic motion effect. Here HTML is transformed to give an illusion of motion using the ngAnimate module that gives us a combined effect 1 min read AngularJS | ApplicationApplications in AngularJS enable the creation of real-time Applications. There are four primary steps involved in creation of Applications in AngularJS: Creation of List for an Application. Adding elements in the List. Removing elements from the List. Error Handling Below are the steps for creations 3 min read AngularJS DirectivesAngularJS DirectivesDirectives are markers in the Document Object Model(DOM). Directives can be used with any controller or HTML tag which will tell the compiler what exact operation or behavior is expected. There are some directives present that are predefined but if a developer wants he can create new directives (cus 9 min read AngularJS ng-app DirectiveThe ng-app Directive in AngularJS is used to define the root element of an AngularJS application. This directive automatically initializes the AngularJS application on page load. It can be used to load various modules in AngularJS applications. The ng-app directive declares only once in the HTML doc 1 min read AngularJS ng-bind DirectiveThe ng-bind Directive in AngularJS is used to bind/replace the text content of any particular HTML element with the value that is entered in the given expression. The value of specified HTML content updates whenever the value of the expression changes in the ng-bind directive. Syntax: <element ng 2 min read AngularJS ng-bind-html DirectiveThe ng-bind-html Directive in AngularJS is used to bind the innerHTML of an HTML element to application data and remove dangerous code from the HTML string. $sanitize service is a must for the ng-bind-html directive. It is supported by all HTML elements. Syntax: <element ng-bind-html="expression" 2 min read AngularJS ng-bind-template DirectiveThe ng-bind-template Directive in AngularJS is used to replace the content of an HTML element with the value of the given expression. It is used to bind more than one expression. It can have multiple {{ }} expressions. It is supported by all HTML elements. Syntax: The ng-bind-template Directive can 2 min read AngularJS ng-blur DirectiveThe ng-blur Directive in AngularJS is fired when an HTML element loses their focus. It doesn't override with element's original onblur event i.e. both the ng-blur expression and original onblur event will execute. Syntax: <element ng-blur="expression"> Contents... </element>Parameter: ex 1 min read AngularJS ng-change DirectiveThe ng-change Directive in AngularJS is used whenever the value of an input element changes. The expression is evaluated immediately whenever there is a change in the input value. It requires an ng-model directive to be present. It is triggered whenever there is any single change in the input. It ca 2 min read AngularJS ng-checked DirectiveThe ng-checked Directive in AngularJS is used to read the checked or unchecked state of the checkbox or radio button to true or false. If the expression inside the ng-checked attribute returns true then the checkbox/radio button will be checked otherwise it will be unchecked. Syntax: <input type= 2 min read AngularJS ng-class DirectiveThe ng-class Directive in AngularJS is used to specify the CSS classes on HTML elements. It is used to dynamically bind classes on an HTML element. The value for the ng-class has either string, an object, or an array. It must contain more than one class name, which is separated by space, in the case 2 min read AngularJS ng-class-even DirectiveThe ng-class-even Directive in AngularJS is used to specify the CSS classes on every even appearance of HTML elements. It is used to dynamically bind classes on every even HTML element. If the expression inside the ng-class-even directive returns true then only the class is added else it is not adde 2 min read AngularJS ng-class-odd DirectiveThe ng-class-odd Directive in AngularJS is used to specify the CSS classes on every odd appearance of HTML elements. It is used to dynamically bind classes on every odd HTML element. If the expression inside the ng-class-odd directive returns true then only the class is added else it is not added. T 2 min read AngularJS ng-click DirectiveThe ng-click Directive in AngluarJS is used to apply custom behavior when an element is clicked. It can be used to show/hide some element or it can pop up an alert when the button is clicked. Syntax: <element ng-click="expression"> Contents... </element>Parameter Value: expression: It sp 2 min read AngularJS ng-cloak DirectiveIn this article, we will see how to prevent the document from getting rendered the AngularJS code in an unfinished manner while the code is being loaded with the help of the ng-cloak Directive in AngularJS. Many times, AngularJS applications would show the flickering of the HTML document when the ma 2 min read AngularJS ng-controller DirectiveThe ng-controller Directive in AngularJS is used to add a controller to the application. It can be used to add methods, functions, and variables that can be called on some event like click, etc to perform certain actions. Syntax: <element ng-controller="expression"> Contents... </element 2 min read AngularJS Directives Complete ReferenceDirectives are markers in the Document Object Model(DOM). Directives can be used with any of controller or HTML tag which will tell the compiler what exact operation or behavior is expected. There are some directives present which is predefined but if a developer wants he can create new directives ( 2 min read AngularJS FiltersAngularJS | FiltersThere are some filters that are added in the AngularJS for the sake of making the formatting and working with data easier. There are several in-built filters in AngularJS. They are listed here along with some examples to make the understanding easier. Basic Syntax: Filters are generally added to the 7 min read AngularJS currency FilterAngularJS currency filter is used to convert a number into a currency format. If no currency format is specified currency filter uses the local currency format. Syntax: {{ currency_expression | currency : symbol : fractionSize}}Parameters: It contains 2 parameters as mentioned above and described be 2 min read AngularJS | date FilterAngularJS date filter is used to convert a date into a specified format. When the date format is not specified, the default date format is 'MMM d, yyyy'. Syntax: {{ date | date : format : timezone }} Parameter Values: The date filter contains format and timezone parameters which is optional.Some com 2 min read AngularJS filter FilterThe "filter" Filter in AngularJS is used to filter the array and object elements and return the filtered items. In other words, this filter selects a subset (a smaller array containing elements that meet the filter criteria) of an array from the original array. Syntax: {{arrayexpression | filter: ex 3 min read AngularJS json FilterThe json filter in AngularJs is used to convert a JavaScript object into a JSON. string.JavaScript object that we are using can be of any kind of JavaScript Object. The json filter piped the object or any expression with JSON so that the result will be displayed in the form of a list, which is bound 2 min read AngularJS limitTo FilterThe limitTo filter in AngularJS is used to return an array or a string that contains a specified number of elements. This filter can be used with arrays, strings, and numbers. The basic principle, however, remains the same in all three cases: For arrays, it returns an array containing only the speci 2 min read AngularJS lowercase FilterAngularJS provides different filters to format the data. The lowercase Filter formats the given string to the lowercase. In order to transmit & render the data from a TypeScript code to an HTML template (view), the interpolation concept can be utilized. The lowercase filter is piped with an expr 1 min read AngularJS number FilterAngularJS number filter is used to convert a number into a string or text. We can also define a limit to display a number of decimal digits. The number filter rounds off the number to specified decimal digits. Syntax: {{ string| number : fractionSize}}Parameter Values: It contains single parameter v 1 min read AngularJS orderBy FilterAn orderBy Filter in AngularJS is used to sort the given array to the specific order. The default order of sorting the string is in alphabetical order whereas the numbers are numerically sorted. By default, all the items are sorted in ascending order, if the ordering sequence is not specified. Synta 4 min read AngularJs uppercase FilterThe uppercase Filter in AngularJS is used to change a string to an uppercase string or letters. Syntax: {{ string | uppercase}} Example: This example describes the use of the uppercase Filter in AngularJS. HTML <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>uppercase Filter</title 1 min read AngularJS Converting FunctionsAngularJS angular.lowercase() FunctionThe angular.lowercase() Function in AngularJS is used to convert the string into lowercase. It can be used when the user wants to show the text in lowercase instead of uppercase or one wants to compare two strings. Syntax: angular.lowercase(string)Example 1: This example describes the implementation 2 min read AngularJS angular.uppercase() FunctionThe angular.uppercase() Function in AngularJS is used to convert the string into uppercase. It can be used when the user wants to show the text in uppercase instead of lowercase. Syntax: angular.uppercase(string)Example: This example illustrates the angular.uppercase() Function by specifying the str 1 min read AngularJS angular.forEach() FunctionThe angular.forEach() Function in AngularJS is used to iterate through each item in an array or object. It works similar to the for loop and this loop contains all properties of an object in key-value pairs of an object. Syntax: angular.forEach(object, iterator, [context])Parameter Values: object: 1 min read AngularJS Comparing FunctionsAngularJS angular.isArray() FunctionThe angular.isArray() Function in AngularJS is used to return TRUE if the reference is an array and FALSE if it is not an array. Syntax: angular.isArray(value);Parameter: value: It specifies the reference to check the value.Return value: Returns TRUE if the value is an array else it will return FALS 2 min read AngularJS angular.isDate() FunctionThe angular.isDate() function in AngularJS is used to determine whether the value of the date is valid or not. It returns true if the reference is a date else false. Syntax: angular.isDate( value );Parameters: This function accepts a single parameter: value: It stores the data object. Return Value: 2 min read AngularJS angular.isDefined() FunctionThe angular.isDefined() function in AngularJS is used to determine the value inside isDefined function is defined or not. It returns true if the reference is defined otherwise returns false. Syntax: angular.isDefined( value );Parameter value: value: This parameter is a reference to check whether the 2 min read AngularJS angular.isElement() FunctionThe angular.isElement() Function in AngularJS is used to determine if the parameter inside isElement function is a HTML DOM element or not. It returns true if the reference is a DOM element or else false. Syntax: angular.isElement(value)Parameter: value: It is used to validate whether the passed ar 2 min read AngularJS angular.isFunction() FunctionThe angular.isFunction() Function in AngularJS is used to determine if the parameter inside isFunction function is a function or not. It returns true if the reference is a function else false. Syntax: angular.isFunction(value);Parameter: value: This parameter specifies whether the passed value is a 2 min read AngularJS angular.isNumber() FunctionThe angular.isNumber() function in AngularJS is used to determine the parameter inside isNumber function is a number or not. It returns true if the reference is a number otherwise returns false. Syntax: angular.isNumber( value );Parameter value: value: It determines whether the entered value is a nu 2 min read AngularJS angular.isObject() FunctionThe angular.isobject() Function in AngularJS is used to determine if the parameter inside isobject function is an object or not. It returns true if the reference is an object or else false. Syntax: angular.isobject(value);Parameter: value: This parameter value validates whether the entered value is 2 min read AngularJS | angular.isString() FunctionThe angular.isString() function in AngularJS is used to determine the parameter inside isString function is a string or not. It returns true if the reference is a string otherwise returns false. Syntax: angular.isString( value ) Return Value: It returns true if the value passed is a string otherwise 1 min read AngularJS angular.isUndefined() FunctionThe angular.isUndefined() function in AngularJS is used to determine the value inside isUndefined function is undefined or not. It returns true if the reference is undefined otherwise returns false. Syntax: angular.isUndefined( value ) Parameter value: value: It is used to reference the value to che 2 min read AngularJS angular.equals() FunctionThe angular.equals() Function in AngularJS is used to compare two objects or two values whether these are the same or not. If the two values are the same, it returns TRUE else it will return FALSE. The angular.equals() Function supports value types, regular expressions, arrays and objects. Syntax: a 2 min read AngularJS angular.toJson() FunctionThe angular.toJson() Function in AngularJS is used to serialize the javascript object into a JSON - formatted string. It takes the javascript object and returns a JSON string. The angular.toJson() function in AngularJS is capable of handling circular references in JavaScript objects. Circular refere 2 min read AngularJS QuestionsHow to bundle an Angular app for production?Introduction Before deploying the web app, Angular provides a way to check the behavior of the web application with the help of a few CLI commands. Usually, the ng serves command is used to build, watch, and serve the application from local memory. But for deployment, the behavior of the application 4 min read How to add many functions in one ng-click directive?The ng-click Directive in AngluarJS is used to apply custom behavior when an element is clicked. It can be used to show/hide some element or it can popup alert when the button is clicked. The ng-click directive is a very handy tool used in AngularJS. When an HTML is clicked, the ng-click directive t 2 min read How to directly update a field by using ng-click in AngularJS ?In this article, we will see how to update the field directly with the help of the ng-click directive in AngularJS, along with understanding different ways to implement it through the implementations. Any field can be updated with ng-click using a custom JavaScript function. For this, we can make a 3 min read How to Add Dynamic Options for Multiple Selects Inside ng-repeat Directive ?Given an HTML document containing some options element and the task is to add an array of javascript objects dynamically with multiple selects using ng-repeat in angularJS. Approach: The task is done using ng-repeat which loops through an array. Let's call this array "models". Each select menu prese 3 min read How to detect when an @Input() value changes in Angular?@Input() is basically a decorator to bind a property as an input. It is used to pass data i.e property binding from one component to other or we can say, from parent to child component. It is bound with the DOM element. When the DOM element value is changed, Angular automatically updates this proper 3 min read How to open popup using Angular and Bootstrap ?Adding Bootstrap to your Angular application is an easy process. Just write the following command in your Angular CLI. It will add bootstrap into your node_modules folder. ng add @ng-bootstrap/ng-bootstrap Approach: Import NgbModal module in the TypeScript file of the corresponding component, and th 2 min read How to reload or re-render the entire page using AngularJS?While working with AngularJS we might come across a time when we want our user to switch contexts and re-render everything again.AngularJS provides a method by which we can re-render or even reload the entire page. So in this article, we will see how we can reload the route instead of just reloading 2 min read How to add input fields dynamically on button click in AngularJS ?The task is to add an input field on the page when the user clicks on the button using AngularJs. Steps: The required component for the operation is created (add-inputComponent). In that component, html file (add-input.component.html) required html is written. In that HTML, the main div for input fi 2 min read How to Create Button Dynamically with Click Event in Angular ?The task is to create a button dynamically with a click event using AngularJS, i.e., whenever someone clicks on the button then a new button gets created. The easiest way to create a button in AngularJS is to use the ng-repeat directive. We can easily hook up a repeat logic inside a button click eve 2 min read How to use jQuery in Angular ?In this tutorial, we will learn how we can use jQuery with Angular. There are two ways in which we can use jQuery with Angular as discussed below: Table of Content By installing jQuery using the npm commandUsing jQuery CDN to use itBy installing jQuery using the npm commandYou can install the jQuery 2 min read AngularJS Examples The following AngularJS section contains a wide collection of AngularJS examples. The AngularJS examples are categorized based on the topics including basics, directives, functions, and Miscellaneous. Each example section contains multiple approaches to solve the problems. Prerequisites: AngularJS T 2 min read Like