vertebral vein

The TD was located between the internal jugular vein (ventral) and the vertebral vein (dorsal), the ultrasonographic visible part of the TD ranged 3–5 cm distal from the venous angle, where the jugular vein and subclavian vein join as innominate vein.

Macdonell, "Internal jugular and vertebral vein volume flow in patients with clinically isolated syndrome or mild multiple sclerosis and healthy controls: results from a prospective sonographer-blinded study," Phlebology, vol.

The Batson venous plexus was first suggested to play an unrecognized role in vertebral metastases from prostatic carcinoma.[6] A rich network of vertebral veins was believed to interconnect with the prostatic venous plexus.

The vertebral vein, posterior to the IJV, passes through the transverse foramina from the atlas to the 6 [sup]th cervical vertebra.

The AFT is a low-frequency anatomical variation, and it may therefore be possible to predict the modification in the course and in the pattern of the vertebral artery, vertebral vein and sympathetic nerves inside the FT (Aydinogly et al., 2001), and it is also possible to find a duplicated vertebral artery (Taitz et al.).

V1: The first part after its origin passes backwards and upwards between longus colli and scalenus anterior muscles behind the common carotid artery and the vertebral vein up to foramen transversarium of C6 vertebra.

It passes between longus colli and scalenus anterior muscle, behind the common carotid artery and the vertebral vein through the foramina in the transverse processes of all of the cervical vertebrae except the seventh, curves medially behind the lateral mass of the atlas and enters the cranium via the foramen magnum.

Anatomically, the foramen transversarium is described to be divided by a fibrous or bony bridge, separating the artery and the vein, (8) the smaller posterior part that encloses a branch of vertebral nerve and the vertebral vein is called" Accessory vertebral foramen".