undershrub

Thus, a total of 100 petri dishes - 50 undershrub and 50 interspace - or 1000 individual seeds was used.

Pairs of seed dishes placed in the two microhabitat types (undershrub and interspace) were nested within years and subplots.

Similar removal rates from interspace and undershrub locations are consistent with previous studies, suggesting that harvester ants do not preferentially forage in specific microhabitats (Davidson, 1977; Brown et al., 1979).

Since we had a limited number of Lesquerella seedlings to transplant and assumed that neither natural nor induced plants could survive in the intershrub plots for more than a few weeks (Evans and Cabin, 1995), we transplanted more plants into the undershrub plots so that overwinter survival of the two germination treatments could be compared.

Seed source, germination treatment and transplant habitat (undershrub vs.

Surprisingly, however, the final survival of Lesquerella plants transplanted into the undershrub and interspace plots was identical (32.3% survival in each).

However, there was a highly significant effect of seed source on the height of plants, with the greenhouse and undershrub seed sources producing plants significantly taller than plants originating from the intershrub seeds (mean height = 6.07, 6.07, and 4.35 mm, respectively, P [less than] 0.05 for each comparison, Tukey's Studentized Range Test).

Interestingly, the plants grown from the undershrub seed source produced over 50% more leaves in the undershrub plots than in the intershrub plots, whereas seeds from the other three sources produced as many or more leaves in the intershrub plots as from beneath the shrubs.

lignosum (Vatke) Kazmi, Cressa cretica (all shrubs or undershrubs) and grasses including Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk) Stapf., Lasiurus hirsutus (Forssk) Boiss and Aeluropus lagopoides.

Population structure, spatial pattern and reproductive capacity of two semi-desert undershrubs -Senna holosericea and Fagonia indica in southern Sindh, Pakistan.