Third, it addresses groundbreaking studies on writers and translators outside the main stream of research, covering Lin Shu, Liu Tieyun [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], and Li Boyuan [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII].
The roots of Japanese scholarship on this literature can be traced back to the Chinese Literature Association [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (Chugoku bungaku kenkyukai) founded in March 1934 by the alumni Okazaki Toshio [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (1909-1959), Takeuchi Yoshimi [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (1910-1977) and others from the Chinese Philosophy and Literature Department of the Imperial University of Tokyo, although it was not formally established until August 4, following Zhou Zuoren and Xu Zuzheng's [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (1895-1978) visit to Japan that year.
During the Meiji [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] and Taisho [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] periods (1868-1926) was "an almost ideological drive" on translation which was determined by Japan's foreign relations with China and the West.
With the dictionary of rarely used Mari words, he made his attempt to accomplish the same Mari dream that Upomarij had phrased in the first issue of "[TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]" in 1906: "to create a common literary language".
[TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] 'answer', [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] 'tuber', [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] 'daily wage', [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] 'salary' stayed in use despite of the political pressure of Moscow, whilst others like [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] 'dictionary', poaelamut 'poem' were rediscovered later, partly just in Gorbatshow's era.
Although the dialect of Beijing [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] is widely (yet erroneously) held to have served as the spoken language standard for several centuries, its identification and common acceptance as the official standard language for China actually came very late.
Two years later the final mature version of Hanyu pinyin [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] was approved by the People's Congress on February 11, 1958.
First, for the proposed SB-CLBP_S descriptor, [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (94.89%) and [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (93.82%) are improved much more than [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (86.96%).
Second, for the proposed SB-CLBP_M descriptor, [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (93.64%) and [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (93.82%) are improved much more than [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (85.11%).
Then the B-contraction of Gis obtained by associating a vertex [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] with each component [B.sub.i], and in which two vertices [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] and [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] are joined by an edge if and only if there is a bridge joining [B.sub.i] and Bj in G.
From a 3-uniform hypergraph H, we produce a graph [G.sub.H] such that H is 2-colourable if and only if [G.sub.H] admits a k-weak orientation [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII].
Is the verb [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] transitive or intransitive?
Ostwald (1965:117) believes that [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] is transitive and takes an object, [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], which is also the object of [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII].
