We investigated whether the expression of AQP3 in abundance was parallel with AQP2 at the apical
plasma membrane of the IMCD and the OMCD of HFD compared with the ND.
In the normal, positive control, and treated groups, the GLUT4 was seen at the soleus muscle fibers
plasma membrane as fine scattered structures which appear as a diffuse background stain as shown in Figure 2a,c,d.
Nader said that the VLDLR protein associates intracellularly with the mPR protein and assures its transport from a part of the cell called the Golgi body, which serves as a delivery depot, to the
plasma membrane. Dr.
Substituting those residues with alanine, which is hydrophobic, reduced lipid binding by 40-fold and stopped localization to the
plasma membrane.
This leads to increase the fluidity of the cell wall and
plasma membrane and enhances the cell to grow and divide faster.
Sperm with intact
plasma membrane plays a vital role to maintain and establish cellular homeostasis (Hammerstedt et al., 1990).
The association of
plasma membrane cholesterol with a mutant form of bacterial Perfringolysin O (PFO*) occurs at cholesterol increase over 35%.
In the nonclassical pathway, stimulation of Sertoli cells with levels of testosterone (10-250 nM) that are similar to or lower than that found in the testis causes a population of AR to localize near the
plasma membrane. Studies using Western blot and immunofluorescence confirmed the localization of AR in membrane [10].
The vitamin E might increase the
plasma membrane integrity against surplus ROS production as result of cryopreservation and thawing of sperms (Beconi et al., 1993).
It is supposed that the destruction of the cytoskeleton facilitates the primary granule access to the
plasma membrane enabling fusion and release of their content.
Insulin stimulation shifts the steady-state distribution of GLUT4 towards the
plasma membrane. The dysfunction of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation is highly related to peripheral insulin resistance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in human beings [2].
Results: The results showed for the first time that marein significantly stimulates the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) and enhanced the translocation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) to the
plasma membrane. Further study indicated that genistein (an insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) altered the effect of marein on glucose uptake, and both LY294002 (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) and compound C (an AMP- activated protein kinase inhibitor) significantly decreased marein-stimulated 2-NBDG uptake.
Also, the functional sperm parameters such as intracellular ROS production, DNA fragmentation index (DFI), mitochondrial membrane potential ([DELTA][[PSI].sub.m]) and
plasma membrane integrity were evaluated as well.
Recent studies report that the sperm
plasma membrane is the primary site of cryodamage during freezing and thawing due to changes in its lipid and protein structure (Gao and Critser, 2000).
The apical
plasma membrane of the epithelial cells located under the thin cuticle is organized into numerous narrow, closely spaced infoldings, their tips closely associated with many large mitochondria (Fig 5).
