labouring

While her call for a "gendered theory of bonded labouring" is dismissed in Brass' introductory essay (which claims that analysts already examine systematically the roles of family, kinship, and patriarchy in unfree labor), the almost complete absence of such issues in this volume seems to support Olsen's position.

Concerned with the poor living standard of his labouring flock, he sent a circular to the bishops of Ireland in 1864 on "The Evils of Wholesale and Improvident Emigration From Ireland." Contrary to his instructions, the circular was widely published, and he was criticized by Irish and American Church officials for what they saw as a callous attitude.