A
grapheme doesn't represent a phoneme until it is in a word or even a sentence.
The phoneme /s/ can be represented by nine different
graphemes in the Portuguese language.
8: The reading of the final sequence of
graphemes as y'rqn' and as a Libyco-Berber name IRKNH (RIL 291) "Iarkano" is a meritorious proposal (cf.
That is, the
graphemes ow are required if the diphthong is present in the final position of a word (as in how) or if followed by the
grapheme l (as in growl), or a single n (as in town).
Equally problematic is the rendering of the voiceless palatal fricative, so common in Sicilian vernaculars, with the
grapheme h.
From the perspective of the central process, the visual-sound correspondence that resembles the
grapheme to phoneme conversion used in alphabetic scripts may not exist in Chinese.
Learning reading and writing demands complex levels of phonological knowledge: it requires the proper representation of the smallest sound elements of the language (phonemes), good ability of reflecting on these elements, and knowledge that such sounds may be represented by different
graphemes. The auditory experience is the typical sensorial route that allows children to acquire the phonological representations required to learn the skill of
grapheme decoding (Morais, 2009).
This method offers a number of phonological awareness activities, where each
grapheme is formed from a drawing that has the shape of the
grapheme and that starts with that sound, so that the relationship is no longer arbitrary It also contains a large number of activities to contribute to increasing pupils' vocabulary.
Reading instruction which simply focuses on phoneme to
grapheme correspondence does not support the more sophisticated levels of word analysis used by advanced readers.
Each of the parts is split into Practising and Progressing with the aim of developing 'speed and accuracy of
grapheme (letter) recognition'.
