Chloropicrin Mitigation Proposal, Resident and Bystander Acute Exposure from Soil Fumigation Applications June 2013 2013b.
Among the best performing of the compounds that he and Trout have examined is InLine, a combination of about 60 percent 1,3-dichloropropene and up to 35 percent
chloropicrin.
CUEs allowed methyl bromide to stay in the market, albeit in substantially lower amounts, and
chloropicrin had proved reasonably efficacious, at least in the short term, so 13% of growers interviewed never seriously considered methyl iodide.
Limited dose-response data are available on DMDS, however, and no information is available on the proposed commercial formulation with
chloropicrin (Pic), DMDS:Pic (79:21).
The pesticide monitoring data include fumigants:
chloropicrin (15), 1,3-dichloropropene (16-19), methyl bromide (18-20), and methyl isothiocyanate [MITC (21)]; fungicides: captan (22) and chlorothalonil (23); herbicides: eptam [EPTC (24)], linuron (25), molinate (26), simazine (27), and S,S,S-tributyl phosphotrithioate [DEF (28)]; and insecticides: aldicarb (29), chlorpyrifos (30), diazinon (31), dichlorvos (32), endosulfan (33), fenamiphos (34), methidathion (35), phorate (36), and propargite (37).
Consequently,
chloropicrin is now typically the sole fungicidal fumigant in mixtures applied to soil prior to planting strawberries.
For all three trials, Telone C35 (a mixture of 1,3-D 61% and
chloropicrin 35%, weight per weight [w/w]) was shank applied at an 18-inch depth with a 20-inch shank spacing using a commercial Telone shank applicator.
Preplant soil fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) or mixtures of 1,3-D with
chloropicrin (Pic) is widely practiced in the process of replacing almond and stone fruit orchards.
Most field-grown perennial nursery operations have used methyl bromide (alone or in combination with
chloropicrin) for preplant pest control because it effectively diffuses through the soil profile, penetrates roots and dependably provides effective pest control across a range of soil type and moisture conditions.
Broadcast shank fumigation (or flat fumigation): Traditional strawberry field fumigation that began in the 1960s, in which growers applied MB combined with
chloropicrin to entire fields, which are covered with polyethylene film to hold in the fumigant at concentrations needed to kill soil pests.
When allowed by county regulations, the team also recommends combining 1,3-D with other fumigants called
chloropicrin and metam sodium.
* methyl bromide (MB), 98%;
chloropicrin (Pic), 2%, as a warning agent (MBC Concentrate, TriCal Inc.)
Traditionally, they used methyl bromide plus
chloropicrin (MB + Pic) as the basis for soil pest control.
As the availability of methyl bromide diminishes, the use of products containing
chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D; Telone II) are becoming the new standard fumigant treatments.
The general practice in the Pacific Northwest has been to fumigate in fall with methyl bromide plus
chloropicrin (67:33 at 350 pounds per acre), crop for 2 years and finish with a year of bare fallow (in which fields are not planted and kept weed free) before repeating the cycle (Weiland et al.
