backcross

All background markers were used to evaluate the RG percentage in each backcrossed generation, BC1F1 and BC2F1.

We performed a second backcross analysis to test whether the LUG autosomes have similar effects in flies that do not carry a LUG X: we crossed [ltd.sup.1]/[ltd.sup.1]; TM6B, Tb/l females to LUG males, and backcrossed the resulting phenotypically Tb [F.sub.1] males to [ltd.sup.1]/[ltd.sup.1]; +/+ females.

Opata and the resulting F1 hybrids were crossed and backcrossed four times to cv.

[F.sub.1] females from this cross were backcrossed to both parental strains and additional cultures were set up simultaneously for collection of parental strains and [F.sub.1] hybrids.

barbadense chromosome or segment, were then backcrossed as pollen parents onto the respective types of TM-1--like aneuploid plants.

In this paper we report on results of experiments with two closely-related lepidopteran species that can be hybridized and backcrossed. One species, Heliothis virescens (F.) (HV), is a highly polyphagous, agricultural pest that feeds on at least 15 different plant families (refs.

This day-neutral selection was then backcrossed to T75.

Parental sires or dams to which [F.sub.1] hybrids were backcrossed were derived from [F.sub.1] L.

Tilt 99[D.sub.2][B.sub.1] was backcrossed to 90[D.sub.2][A.sub.1][E.sub.1] (cms line used to produce pearl millet grain hybrid HGM-100) (Hanna, 1993) for seven generations to produce cms Tiff 99[D.sub.2][A.sub.1].

For example, G5V [V] is derived from an original cross between [F.sub.1] hybrid (G [G] [male] x V [V] [female]) [female] backcrossed to G [G] [male] for an additional four generations.

At the time, 'Green Seed', an older upland, was crossed with 'Sea Island' (Gossypium barbadense L.) and then backcrossed to Green Seed several times to produce an essentially green-seeded upland cotton with the long, fine fiber of Sea Island.

Hybrids have backcrossed to the two common species, G.

BS10(FR)C11, BS13(S)C8, and BSSS(R)C13 were crossed to tropical Pool 18 and Populations 21, 24, 28, 43, and 49 and crosses backcrossed to the temperate recurrent parents (Whitehead et al., 2005).

The [F.sub.1] males were backcrossed to Binsc; ho; cv-c virgin females.