Options to Increase Access to Telecommunications Services in Rural and Low-Income Areas
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Options to Increase Access to Telecommunications Services in Rural and Low-Income Areas - Arturo Muente-Kunigami
Title
WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 178
Options to Increase Access to Telecommunications Services in Rural and Low-Income Areas
Arturo Muente-Kunigami
Juan Navas-Sabater
Copyright
Copyright © 2010
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First Printing: November 2009
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World Bank Working Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank’s work to the development community with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available.
The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent.
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ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-8140-3
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8143-4
ISSN: 1726-5878 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8140-3
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested.
Contents
Contents
Abstract
Abstract
Telecommunications sector policy makers and regulators have a wide range of instruments available to them that can be used to increase access to telecommunications services in rural and low-income areas. The paper provides a review of these instruments, evaluating them against a set of criteria. It then goes on to identify a number of them that are worthy of further consideration by policy makers and regulators while demonstrating that the effectiveness of the identified instruments can be greatly enhanced by the establishment of a conducive legal, regulatory, and institutional framework. The paper concludes by