Trackpad Information Technology for Class 10: CODE 402 | Skill Education, Based on Windows & OpenOffice

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PREFACE

The number one benefit of Information Technology is that it empowers people to do what they want to do. It lets people be creative. It lets people be productive. It lets people learn things they didn't think they could learn before, and so in a sense it is all about potential. — Steve Ballmer

Information Technology is all about using computers to store, retrieve, access or manipulate information which directly or indirectly affects our daily lives. Information Technology and business today are interwoven in a way that they cannot be talked about in isolation to each other and go hand in hand. Trackpad Information Technology series for Grade IX and X has covered CBSE recommended syllabus to ensure that all the aspects from previous year are taken up in a continued manner. The series covers the topics with an aim of understanding with practical utilization and simple to learn methodology. There are activities involving brainstorming, which try to induce the readers to apply their learning into practice. The competency-based questions are guided by CBSE, and they ensure that students develop the capability to apply their learning to solve real-life issues that they come across. We would like to humbly acknowledge the support provided by our family, friends and Orange Education Pvt Ltd team to accomplish this noble task. We hope that this book will be used by the students to make their future ready to use Information Technology to the best in their day-to-day life. Enjoy the journey of happy learning!! All your feedback and suggestions will always be wholeheartedly welcomed to improve and grow.

Authors

Shalini Harisukh, Anjna Virmani

(PGT Teachers)

DPS, R.K. Puram, Delhi

ABOUT THE SERIES

SYLLABUS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (CODE - 402)

JOB ROLE: DOMESTIC DATA ENTRY OPERATOR

CLASS – X

Total Marks: 100 (Theory-50 + Practical-50)

Domestic Data Entry Operator in the IT-ITeS Industry is also known as Data Entry Operator. Individuals are responsible to provide daily work reports and work on daily hour bases. The individual is responsible for electronic entry of data from the client side to the office site or vice-versa. Individual tasks vary depending on the size and structure of the organization. This job requires the individual to have thorough knowledge of various technology trends and processes as well as have updated knowledge about database management systems and IT initiatives. The individual should have fast and accurate typing/data encoding. This job involves working in a personal computer, and appropriate software to enter accurate data regarding different issues like retrieving data from a computer or to a computer.

Course Outcome

On completion of the course, students should be able to:

Apply effective oral and written communication skills to interact with people and customers;

Identify the principal components of a computer system; Demonstrate the basic skills of using computer;

Demonstrate self-management skills;

Demonstrate the ability to provide a self-analysis in context of entrepreneurial skills and abilities;

Demonstrate the knowledge of the importance of green skills in meeting the challenges of sustainable development and environment protection;

Work safely on the computer.

Start the computer.

Open and use the related software.

Exit from the software.

Shut down the computer.

Use the computer for data entry process.

Collect all necessary information about the query.

Log any decision about the query on the data entry tracking form.

Follow Rules and guidelines for data entry.

Handle queries.

Undertake data entry with speed and accuracy.

Identify and control hazards in the workplace that pose a danger or threat to their safety or health, or that of others.

Course Objectives

In this course, the students will be introduced to the fundamental concepts of digital documentation, digital spreadsheet, digital presentation, database management and internet security.

The following are the main objectives of this course:

To familiarize the students with the world of IT and IT enabled services.

To provide in-depth training in use of data entry, internet and internet tools.

To develop practical knowledge of digital documentation, spreadsheets and presentation.

To enable the students to understand database management systems and have updated knowledge about digital record keeping.

To make the students capable of getting employment in Private Sector, Public Sector, Ministries, Courts, House of Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies.

To develop the following skills:

Data Entry and Keyboarding skills

The concept of Digital Documentation

The concept of Digital Presentation

The concept of Electronic Spreadsheet

The concept of Databases

Internet Technologies

Salient Features

To be a data entry operator/analyst, one requires a lot of hard work and practical hands-on experience. One should have an intensive knowledge of Office applications, computer operations, and knowledge of clerical, administrative techniques and data analysis. Along with this, as a data entry operator/analyst, you will be expected to have fast typing speed, accuracy, and efficiency to perform tasks.

As a data entry operator/analyst, one should improve their computer skills, numerical and literacy skills. These skills can help one expand into a new career path in the future

SCHEME OF UNITS

This course is a planned sequence of instructions consisting of units meant for developing employability and vocational competencies of students of Class X opting for skill subject along with other subjects. The unit-wise distribution of hours and marks for class X is as follows:

INCORPORATES NEP 2020

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Table of Contents

Part A: Employability Skills

Unit 1 Communication Skills-II

• Communication

• Learning Objectives of Effective Communication

• Communication Cycle

• Different Methods of Communication

• Impact of Body Language

• Feedback

• Effective Communication

• Principles of Effective Communication

• 7Cs of Effective Communication

• Barriers to Effective Communication

• Measures to Overcome Barriers in Effective Communication

• Basic Writing Skills

• What is a Sentence?

• Parts of Speech

• Use of Articles

Unit 2 Self-Management Skills-II

• What is Stress?

• Stress Causing Agents

• What is Stress Management?

• Need of Stress Management

• Steps to Manage Stress

• Stress Management Techniques

• How can Students Manage Stress?

• Working Independently

• How to Become Self-Reliant

• Time Management and Its Importance

Unit 3 ICT Skills-II

• Computer System Introduction

• Operating System

• Windows 10 Operating System

• What is a File?

• What is a Folder?

• Creating and Managing Files and Folders

• Computer Care and Maintenance

• Cleaning Computer Components

• Preparing Maintenance Schedule

• Creating a Backup of your Data

• Increasing Computer Performance

• Removing Spam Email from your Computer

• Protecting Computer against Viruses

• Protecting Your Data

• What are Temporary Files?

Unit 4 Entrepreneurial Skills-II

• Entrepreneurship and Society

• Work Done by an Entrepreneur

• Qualities of an Entrepreneur

• Functions of an Entrepreneur

• Role of an Entrepreneur

• Importance of Entrepreneurs

• Myths/Misconceptions about Entrepreneurship

• Entrepreneurship as a Career Option

Unit 5 Green Skills-II

• What is Sustainable Development?

• Importance of Sustainable Development

• Problems Related to Sustainable Development

• Challenges to Sustainable Development

• Sustainable Development Goals—Agenda 2030

• Sustainable Development Initiatives in India

• Our Role in Sustainable Development

Part B: Subject Specific Skills

Unit 1 Digital Documentation(Advanced)

• Styles

• Insert and Use Images

• Using Drawing Toolbar

• Change Properties for Drawing Objects

• Create and Use Template

• Create and Customise Table of Contents

• Defining the Hierarchy of Headings

• Mail Merge

Unit 2 Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced)

• Data Consolidation

• Creating Subtotals

• Using WHAT-IF Scenarios

• Goal Seek Analysis

• Using Solver

• Linking Data and Worksheets

• Cell Reference

• Working with Hyperlinks in a Sheet

• Sharing Worksheet Data

• Record Changes in a spreadsheet

• Adding Comments to Changes

• Merging Worksheets

• Comparing Documents

• What are Macros?

Unit 3 Database Management System

• Database

• Elements of a Database

• Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

• Steps to Create a Table

• Data Types in Database

• Database Objects

• Inserting a New Record in a Table

• Referential Integrity

• What are Relationships?

• What is a query?

• Steps for Creating Queries

• Structured Query Language(SQL)

• What is a form?

• What is a Report?

Unit 4 Web Applications and Security

• Types of Impairment

• Computer Accessibility

• Accessibility Options in an Operating System

• Networking Fundamentals

• Internet

• Getting Access to Internet Through Internet Service Providers

• Data Transfer on the Internet

• Steps to Check for Active Internet Connection

• Concept of Instant Messaging (IM)

• Etiquettes to be Followed While Chatting

• Chatting Using Yahoo Messenger

• Creating and Publishing Web Pages (Blog)

• Using an Offline Blog Editor

• What is Online Transaction?

• What is Internet Security?

• Antivirus

• General Guidelines for Managing Strong Passwords

• What is a Firewall?

• Clearing Data Stored in Browsers

• Maintain Workplace Safety

• What is First Aid?

• Prevent Accidents and Emergencies

• Emergency

• Protecting Health and Safety At Work

• Case Studies of Hazards/Accident due to Situations Avoidable

• How to Keep Your Workspace Safe

Part C: Practical Work

Practical Work

Viva Voce Questions

Projects (Hints for Part D)

Glossary

Sample Question Paper

CBSE Sample Question Paper

PART-A

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

UNIT 1

COMMUNICATION SKILLS-II

Communication plays a very important role in the personal and professional development of a person. As a student an effective and good communication skill will bring confidence and help you to excel in all areas. No matter which language you choose, you need to be good in reading, writing and speaking skills. In this unit we will learn the different methods of communication which bring a positive impact in a student life.

Communication

The word 'Communication' is derived from the Latin word communicare, meaning 'to share'.

The dictionary meaning of the term 'Communication', is the act of sharing or exchanging information, ideas or feelings.

Wikipedia defines Communication as the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules.

Thus, Communication is defined as a process of exchange of information between two or more people by speaking, writing, signalling or using any other effective medium. Clear and concise communication is an important factor for meaningful interpretation of information.

There are three important parts of Communication:

Transmission: The sender transmits the message to the receiver through a medium.

Receiver: The receiver gets the message and interprets it into meaningful information.

Feedback: The feedback of this meaningful information is conveyed back to the sender to complete the communication cycle.

Learning Objectives of Effective Communication

Effective communication skills help you deliver a clear and precise message without altering its actual meaning. It is a very important skill that helps you develop strong relationships with the people around you in your school and at home. Let us learn about main objectives of effective communication skills.

Development of Interpersonal Skills

The skills which you use in your everyday life to communicate formally or informally with the people around you as an individual or as a group are called interpersonal skills. These skills play a very important role in effective communication. People with strong interpersonal skills build better and long-lasting relationships, both at home and at work. They help you to communicate with other people under different circumstances.

Sending, Receiving and Understanding the Message or Information

Whether verbal or non-verbal, the message should be designed well by the sender. The receiver’s job is to understand the message in such a way that it matches with the intention of the sender. The receiver shares responsibility with the sender to ensure an effective communication process.

To Express Effectively with Maximum Efficiency

Avoid unnecessary words so that precise and meaningful information is delivered to the receiver. Facial expressions, eye movement, body posture and gestures are quite effective non-verbal signals that lead to maximum efficiency of effective communication.

Communication Cycle

Communication cycle is a process of sending and receiving of messages using verbal or non-verbal methods of communication for meaningful interpretation of the message when it passes through a chain of recipients. The timing and effectiveness of the communication cycle is based on how long it takes for feedback to be received by the initial sender.

The main elements in the communication cycle are:

Sender: Sender is a person or entity who starts the communication process. He will convey a message with the purpose of passing meaningful information/ideas to others involved in the communication cycle.

Message: It is the information which the sender wishes to convey to the receiver. It is the subject with the actual content of the whole process of communication.

Encoding: It is the process of converting the message into a form which only the intended receiver can understand by converting the actual message into symbols, words, actions, diagrams.

Communication Channel: It is the media through which the sender passes the information to the receiver.

Receiver: An individual or a group receiving a message is called receiver.

Decoding: It is the interpretation of the message delivered by the sender.

Response/Feedback: It is the response given with respect to the message received by the receiver. Feedback can be positive or negative, delayed or immediate. It marks the completion of the communication process.

For Example:

Suppose, a Science teacher is teaching the Importance of an Ecosystem. So, the teacher is the sender; the students in the class are the receivers; the lesson on the Importance of an Ecosystem is the message.

The teacher explaining the lesson using text, diagrams, symbols are the encoding components of the communication process. The digital presentation using white board is the communication channel to deliver the message. Students decode the message in their own ways and this can be checked through a feedback taken by the teacher in the form of a quick question and answer session before the class ends.

Different Methods of Communication

We are constantly using some or the other way of communication to deliver a message effectively. Choosing a right method will help us in building a strong-relationship with the people around us in our professional and personal lives. Some of the important methods of communication are verbal, non-verbal and visual communication. Let us learn about them in detail.

Verbal Communication

Verbal communication is the most popular form of communication where the transmission of messages occurs with the usage of words that can be in oral spoken or written form. It includes sounds, words, and speech. It is often used during presentations, video or tele conferences, informal or formal telephone calls, discussions, lectures, public speaking, meetings, etc. Verbal Communication can be divided further as:

Oral or Spoken Communication: Communication which involves speaking. It can be face-to-face conversation or talking on a phone.

Written Communication: Communication which involves written or typed words. It can be writing letters, notes, email, etc.

Thus, language plays a very important role in this form of communication. Speaking with clarity, being short, simple and focussed are important tools that will help in the process of verbal communication. Verbal communication can be further classified into: interpersonal communication, written communication, small group communication and public communication.

Interpersonal Communication

Interpersonal communication is a one-to-one formal or informal conversation between two individuals. There are less chances of misinterpretation of information in this type of communication. For example:

Conversation between teacher and parent during parent-teacher meeting.

A teacher clearing a doubt of a student on a specific topic during recess time.

Two friends working on a class project.

A telephonic conversation between two people.

Written Communication

In this type of communication words are written in the form of letters, circulars, reports, manuals, SMS, social media chats, school notes, projects etc. Vocabulary and grammar of any language used should be good to have effective communication. It can be between two or more people.

For example:

A student writing a leave application to the principal.

A teacher giving written notes on a specific topic in the class.

An email written to send birthday invites to all friends.

Small Group Communication

It is an interactive communication amongst a group of people like in Press conferences, Board meetings, Staff Meetings, Interactive sessions between teacher and students in a class etc. For example:

On the spot quiz based on the topic covered in a class.

An interview of a candidate with a panel of people.

Meeting of the principal with the teaching staff.

Public Communication

In this communication an individual addresses a big crowd. For example:

Students campaigning for annual student representative selection.

Annual day celebration in a school.

Interschool Debate competition.

Advantages of Verbal Communication

Some of the advantages of verbal communication are:

Clear and precise message is delivered to the receiver, so there are less chances of discrepancy in the delivered message.

The information conveyed can be saved for future use by recording the verbal or written communication.

The exchange of ideas and thoughts are straightforward, quick and saves a lot of time.

It gives instant feedback when the sender’s intended message is received properly by the receiver.

It is quite interactive and the scope of seeking clarification is greater in a less formal atmosphere.

Disadvantages of Verbal Communication

Some of the disadvantages of verbal communication are:

Language has different dialects or speech tone that lead to difficulty for the receiver to understand the message conveyed by the sender.

Lengthy messages (written or oral) are difficult to comprehend, is unsuitable and boring especially in a crowd.

As messages are delivered instantly, there is no scope for rectification of wrong words used in oral or written messages.

Great difficulty in communicating with people living in different time zones.

The emotions of the sender have a strong impact in the delivery of the message to the receiver. If a teacher is upset or angry or tired, then despite all good efforts of hiding her emotions, she will not be able to deliver her lectures effectively.

It works effectively only with the help of non-verbal communication like gestures, visuals, body language, otherwise alone it is incomplete form of communication.

Verbal communication can be really expensive if you need to communicate in a language that you are not familiar with. Either you have to hire a person who works as a translator or install a software for your digital communication.

Mastering Verbal Communication

Most of the students may be good in their verbal skills yet they face issues as they might not be comfortable in speaking in front of a big crowd or may get nervous in their oral skills. If a student focuses on a certain area, then it will help them master their verbal communication. Below are some points which will help them improve their verbal communication.

The sender needs to have a friendly and warm tone. This will help in attracting the attention of the receiver and will build a positive and healthy environment around.

Be sure of the information you wish to deliver. Avoid using repeated sentences. Think before you speak to avoid confusion as that may end up delivering wrong interpretations of information.

Be concise and clear as nobody will spend energy and time to decode a lengthy and confusing message.

Speak loudly with confidence at moderate speed and choose the right words.

Maintain eye contact, stand straight and be attentive. Proper body language will bind the interest of the receivers and the information will be delivered with great impact.

Be authentic in your communication. People are often attracted to someone who speaks from the heart and is genuine, transparent and real.

Be a good listener and give your ear to your audience to know their viewpoint, as that will help you carry your conversation in a required direction.

Non-Verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication is defined as communication through physical and physiological cues without using spoken or written words. The information is transmitted using body language, touch, facial expressions, symbols, signals, etc. Most of our communication with the people around us throughout the day is non-verbal and most of the time we are not aware of it. It is helpful when trying to understand others’ thoughts and feelings.

When you are not interested in what the teacher is teaching in the class, you start looking around, disturb the person sitting next to you, fiddle with a pen or paper and observe little things in the class. Without using words you are able to give the message to your teacher that lesson is very boring and you are not interested."

There are different types of non-verbal communication. Let us discuss about them.

Facial Expressions

Facial expressions are a very powerful way of conveying different forms of feelings and emotions. For effective non-verbal communication you should smile when you meet someone, match your expressions with your words and nod while listening. Being aware of your own facial expressions is very important in a professional environment. In one of the studies, it was found that the most trustworthy facial expression involved a slight rise of the eyebrows and a slight smile. Six basic facial expressions are—anger, fear, happy, disgust, sad and surprise.

Body Language and Gestures

Body language means position, gestures and movement of the body to convey and interpret the attitude and feelings of a person. Positive body language can help you get what you want if you know how to use it, whereas negative body language can make you miss out on opportunities or offend people you want to impress. One theory on the origin of human language is called the Gestural Theory, which conveys that speech originated from gestures. Some of the common body languages and gestures are:

Arms or legs across the chest

Rubbing or moving hands around

Standing with your hands clasped behind your back

Playing with your hair or nose

Putting your head in your hands

Eye Contact

Keeping a proper eye contact shows you are mentally present and actively involved in communication. The way you look at someone will reflect some of the strongest emotions and feelings during a social conversation. Rolling your eyes express displeasure or unhappiness with a situation. Eye contact helps you:

Facilitate the connection with your audience in a meeting, conference, presentation, etc.

Improve your concentration

Give confidence and authority

Retain the important points of conversation

Express your emotions like sadness, happiness, surprise, fear, etc.

Body Posture

Body posture is the position of the human body and its alignment and orientation with respect to non-verbal communication. During a conversation, the way you sit or stand and communicate your body postures to the others depends a lot on your attitude and emotional state. Before you start a conversation, standing straight and holding your head high will have a great impact on the crowd.

The correct body postures for effective non-verbal communication are:

Keep your shoulders straight and body relaxed

Sit straight while resting your hands and feet in a relaxed position

While standing, keep your hands by your sides

Appearance

Appearance includes our choice of colour, body cleanliness, properly dressed, hairstyles, etc. When you are speaking in public, you may be representing your organisation or just yourself. You should ensure that you are properly and neatly dressed. It also increases your self-confidence and you will definitely feel good about yourself.

Personal Space and Proximity

Personal Space refers to the appropriate distance during a conversation or space surrounding each person. Factors like regional culture, gender, age, ethnicity, or topic of conversation affects a personal distance. While going in a lift, if a stranger enters, we feel uncomfortable and try making no eye contact and acting busy. Similarly, if a classmate sits on your seat, you will try your best to convince him to go to some other place as we have a claim of our own space and have a sense of control on it.

Paralanguage

Paralanguage includes tone of voice, loudness, speed of speech, pausing, and even silence. This helps you understand the context and the meaning of the words used in the communication.

A cold tone of voice might suggest that you are actually not fine and don't wish to discuss it. A bright and happy tone of voice will reveal that you are happy with the things going around in your life. Silence or vocal pauses can communicate hesitation, the need to gather thought or serve as a sign of respect.

Haptics

Haptics is the power of touch in communication. Each touch conveys emotions and feelings in a physical form with a unique message like fear, disgust, love, encouragement, gratitude, sympathy, anger, pain, violence etc. Studies have shown that it plays a very important role in the proper development of babies and in animals it works as a sign of love and care. You may begin your interaction with people by shaking hands and making casual conversation. This interaction can help establish trust before you start addressing your audience.

Advantages of Non-Verbal Communication

Some of the advantages of non-verbal communication are:

It is used as complimentary with verbal communication to enhance the effect of communication.

Information can be easily presented in non-verbal communication through gesture, body language, etc. A teacher with a finger on the lips conveys not to talk and sit quietly to the whole class. A person addressing a crowd uses voice modulation to get the attention of the crowd. Sometimes nodding your head to say yes is enough to convey the message.

Using gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, touch, etc. can be very helpful for the illiterate and physically challenged, especially with hearing and speaking problems.

It is useful and easy method of communication where no common language is required to master.

It is a fast method of communication as gestures have more impact than words.

Disadvantages of Non-Verbal Communication

Some of the disadvantages of non-verbal communication are:

Since it uses gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, touch, signs, sound, etc. for communication, there are chances of misinterpretation of the message required to be delivered.

Different cultures use different ways of non-verbal communication. The difference in message can lead to negativity and offense. For example, people who speak less and are less interactive are considered cold and arrogant. However, the Japanese admire silence and consider it as a key to success.

Non-verbal communication does not follow any rules or structures, therefore people unconsciously may engage in non-verbal movements which are considered offensive.

It is not suitable for long and lengthy messages as the actual message may get lost in a lengthy and time-consuming conversation.

Sometimes it is an incomplete form of communication and needs a support of verbal communication for effective and meaningful delivery of a message.

Distant communication is not possible using non-verbal communication.

Visual Communication

Visual Communication is the transmission and interpretation of information by using visual resources like photographs, videos, art, drawings, sketches, charts and graphs. Visuals enhance the process of communication during written or verbal communication for better understanding and a meaningful interpretation of the information.

It has a great impact on our day-to-day life. For example, traffic signals for stop, wait or go. To indicate ‘danger’ we use red colour sign, to indicate ‘no smoking’ we use an image showing a lighted cigarette with a cross mark on it, etc.

Some of the common examples of visual communication in our day-to-day lives are:

Advantages of Visual Communication

Some of the advantages of visual communication are:

It enhances the other forms of communication for better understanding of the information conveyed.

Sometimes it works as a better way of communication as it has been proven scientifically that pictures have more impact than spoken or written text. For example: for people who have difficulty in hearing and speaking, sign language is the most suitable way of communication. For instance a science teacher uses a picture of a heart in science to explain the circulatory system.

When the content is lengthy and difficult to explain, then it can be easily handled through visuals in a shorter period of time.

There is no prerequisite of learning a specific language and can be used by people in different geographical areas with different cultures.

Disadvantages of Visual Communication

Some of the disadvantages of visual communication are:

It is an expensive medium of communication as it requires the additional cost and time for designing and printing pamphlets, posters, pictures etc.

It is a time-consuming process as designing and decorating takes more time than writing or conveying orally.

Visuals alone are not a complete way of delivering meaningful information. It needs other forms like verbal and non-verbal to complete its communication.

It is a specific skill which cannot be used everywhere and in all situations.

Impact of Body Language

Body Language is a very important part of non-verbal communication that reveals your true thoughts and emotions. It includes gestures, body postures, movements and expressions to convey our message in a group or to an individual.

Albert Mehrabian, Professor of Psychology at the University of California, did research on body language in the 1950s and he found that the total impact of a message is about 7% verbal (words only) and 38% vocal (tone of voice, pauses and other sounds) and 55% non-verbal using body gestures, body postures, movements and expressions. The five main elements of the body language are:

Facial expression

Body movement and posture

Gestures

Eye contact

Touch

Positive and right body language creates a sense of confidence and helps you gain the attention of your audience even if you need to fake it initially. Learning this skill allows you to make positive changes in your behavior and this leads to better outcomes.

Let us now study some of the do’s and don’ts for positive impact of body language on the people around us.

Do’s of Body Language

Be relaxed, calm and confident when you walk-in for starting a communication.

Keep smiling in between as it shows that the person is confident and trustworthy.

Stand or sit with a relaxed posture and straight spine.

Keep your arms open and by your side when not communicating.

Do hand shake, bow or namaste before you begin with the conversation.

Make eye contact occasionally to show your level of involvement.

Be a good listener and nod in between while listening.

A little movement is necessary if you are giving a presentation.

Place your feet firmly on the ground while moving during your presentation or addressing a gathering.

Give a positive facial expression and try to be natural with your gestures.

Don'ts of Body Language

Do not turn your back towards your audience.

Do not sit with your arms and legs crossed. It shows you are not interested in the conversation.

Don't be overconfident in your expressions and your tone.

Do not lean on the wall or any other object near you.

Do not lean forward or backward while sitting.

Do not fidget with the objects like paper, pen, etc. around you. It shows you are bored and avoiding the conversation.

Do not roll your eyes around or stare.

Do not hold a book or anything in front to block the view.

Feedback

A communication cycle is incomplete and irrelevant without feedback. Feedback is a response of the receiver with respect to the message received from the sender. It works as an indicator for the successful transmission of the