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    The Genera of Apiaceae, Vol. IV
    The Genera of Apiaceae, Vol. IV
    The Genera of Apiaceae, Vol. IV
    Ebook75 pages37 minutes

    The Genera of Apiaceae, Vol. IV

    By Daniel Zimmermann

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    About this ebook

    Included is a study of the following genera of the family Apiaceae: Phlyctidocarpa, Actinolema, Alepidea, Arctopus, Astrantia, Eryngium, Petagnaea, Sanicula, Polemanniopsis, Steganotaenia, Aciphylla, Anisotome, Gingidia, Lignocarpa, Scandia, Acronema, Azilia, Bilacunaria, Bonann ia, Cachrys, Cenolophium, Diplolophium, Diplotaenia, Ferulago, Hansenia, Harrysmithia, Heptaptera, Hymenolaena, Keraymonia, Krubera, Levisticum, etc.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherDaniel Zimmermann
    Release dateFeb 23, 2024
    ISBN9798224503162
    The Genera of Apiaceae, Vol. IV
    Author

    Daniel Zimmermann

    Daniel Zimmermann was born in Merrill, Wisconsin, and grew up in Hustisford, Wisconsin. He was graduated as valedictorian from Northwestern College, Watertown, Wisconsin. His valedictory concerned the ancient philosopher Plotinus. Special honors were third place in an Eta Sigma Phi Greek composition contest and the Doctor Ott award. He was also graduated from Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary. After serving as pastor for several years, he became a free lance writer. Because of the outstanding success of his Spanish poetry in Mexico, his biography was included in Who's Who in the Midwest. He is also a former member of American Mensa. He is married to Merian, nee Ecot. The couple is residing in the Philippines. Daniel Zimmermann is the author of short stories and poetry. He also writes non-fiction, especially on literature, history, Christianity, and botany.

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      Book preview

      The Genera of Apiaceae, Vol. IV - Daniel Zimmermann

      Introduction

      There are exceptions, but most members of the family Apiaceae have the following characteristics.

      They are herbs that do not grow very tall.

      They have basal leaves, often in a rosette, while the flowers and the fruit develop on a taller stem.

      Though compound leaves do occur, deeply divided pinnatisect leaves are more common.

      The inflorescence is an umbrella-like structure called an umbel, in which pedicels branch out from a stalk called a peduncle. Each pedicel terminates in a flower. Bracts usually subtend the umbel.

      Sometimes compound umbels occur. In this case, several branches called rays spread out from the peduncle. Each ray terminates in an umbellet. Each umbellet consists of pedicels that branch out from the end of a ray. Each pedicel terminates in a flower.

      Bracts usually subtend the umbel, and bractlets usually subtend the umbellet.

      The flowers usually have five petals, five stamens, and a calyx with five teeth. The calyx teeth are often missing or hard to see.

      The ovary is inferior. It has two locules, each of which contains a single ovule.

      On top of the ovary is a stylopodium, from which two styles ascend.

      The fruit is a schizocarp: two mericarps united by a commissure. The mericarps split apart at maturity.

      Each mericarp has five primary ribs, with four secondary ribs between them. Between the ribs are little valleys called valleculae. Oil tubes called vittae occur in the valleculae and elsewhere.

      As far as taxonomy is concerned, I shall treat those species that are currently accepted according to Kew, even though other sources may call them synonyms. For the most part, current taxonomy is practically worthless because it is constantly changing and because the false theory of organic evolution is its basis. Its limited value is due to the fact that evolutionists cannot completely ignore the observed similarities and differences that occur in the plant kingdom. Note also that when evolution first intruded itself into the field of taxonomy, competent voices protested against the innovation.

      Chapter 1

      Phlyctidocarpa Cannon & W.L.Theob.

      John Francis Michael Cannon (d. 2008) was a British botanist. In 1977, he became Keeper of Botany at the Natural History Museum in London.

      William Louis Theobald was born in the United States in 1936. He received his doctorate from the University of California in Los Angeles. Among his publications is Notes on the Bignoniaceae.

      The name Phlyctidocarpa ultimately comes from two ancient Greek words: a rising on the skin; a blister or pustule and fruit. It received this generic name because of papillae that occur on its mericarps.

      The only species in the genus Phlyctidocarpa is P. flava. Its native range is northern Namibia. It grows in desert areas and other dry regions.

      It is an erect annual herb about fifty to sixty centimeters high. It has simple pinnatisect leaves that grow alternately along the stem. It has both lateral and terminal umbels. Its flowers are mostly hermaphrodite, with a few male flowers toward the edge of the inflorescence. The petals of the flowers are yellow. This might be the reason for its specific epithet.

      Chapter 2

      Actinolema Fenzl

      Eduard Fenzl (1808-1879) was a professor of botany

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