Programming for Kids and Beginners: 3-in-1 Masterclass into Python, Apps, and Games

Programming for kids and beginners

3-in-1 masterclass into python, apps, and games

Lena neill

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Table of contents

Programming for kids

Introduction

Chapter 1: what is a programming language and popular programming languages?

Chapter 2: execution and statement about a program

Chapter 3: functions, input, output

Chapter 4: web programming

Chapter 5: object-oriented programming

Chapter 6: comparing deep learning and machine learning

Chapter 7: algorithms in programming

Chapter 8: working with inheritance

Chapter 10: syntax

Chapter 11: working with popular apps

Chapter 12: exception handling

Chapter 13: gathering your data

Conclusion

Coding for kids

Introduction

Chapter 2: what is coding

Chapter 3: programming languages and ides

Chapter 4: debugging

Chapter 5: loops

Chapter 6: what programming language should you learn?

Chapter 7: pre-schoolers offline coding

Chapter 8: working with files

Chapter 9: conditionals

Chapter 10: oop (object-oriented programming)

Chapter 11: preparing your self for coding

Chapter 12: the future of machine learning

Conclusion

Python for kids

Introduction

Chapter 1: what is coding

Chapter 2: installation and running of python

Chapter 3: the importance of data types and variables

Chapter 4: strings, lists, dictionaries, and tuples

Chapter 5: python modules

Chapter 6: classes and objects

Chapter 7: numbers and operators

Chapter 8: operators in python

Chapter 9: essential libraries for machine learning in python

Chapter 10: how can python work with machine learning

Conclusion

Programming for kids

A simple step-by-step manual teaching beginners how to code and develop programming skills

Ryan roffe

Introduction

We,lcome, to the, world of compute,r programming for kids, or the, act of writing a program to te,ll your compute,r what to do. programs are, writte,n using a se,rie,s of instructions in a particular language,, thre,e, of which i will be, talking about he,re, – java, sql, and c++.

Compute,r programming is not as difficult as it first looks, and it can be, a lot of fun, as long as you do it prope,rly. i have, pre,pare,d a basic he,llo, world! tutorial for e,ach of the, thre,e, language,s, just to give, you an ide,a of how it all works. apart from this, i have, also e,nclose,d some, use,ful tips for be,ginne,rs and the, common mistake,s that ne,wbie,s te,nd to make, while, programming.

Simply, programming e,nvironme,nt is a software, that will allow you to cre,ate,, compile,, and e,xe,cute, compute,r programs on the, syste,m. it is an inte,rface, be,twe,e,n the, programme,r and the, compute,r, which will conve,rt the, programs that you will write, into the, compute,r’s language, and ask it to e,xe,cute, the, same, for you. the,re,fore,, be,fore, you pick up any programming language,, be, sure, to e,nquire, about the, re,quire,d programming e,nvironme,nt and how the, same, can be, se,t up on the, compute,r that you inte,nd to use, for your programming course,.

Digging de,e,pe,r into the, programming e,nvironme,nt and its se,tup, it is made, up of thre,e, basic e,le,me,nts, name,ly te,xt e,ditor, compile,r, and inte,rpre,te,r. in all probability, you will ne,e,d all the,se, thre,e, compone,nts for your course,. so, be,fore, you go se,arching for the,m, le,t us he,lp you unde,rstand what the,y e,xactly are, and why you will ne,e,d the,m.

Te,xt e,ditor

A te,xt e,ditor is a simple, te,xt program that will allow you to cre,ate, te,xt file,s in which you will write, your code,. de,pe,nding on the, programming language, you are, working on, the, e,xte,nsion of the, te,xt file, will change,, for instance,, if you’re, programming in c language,, your te,xt file,s will have, the, e,xte,nsion .c.

If you are, working on a windows machine,, you can simply se,arch for note,pad in the, se,arch bar and use, it as a te,xt e,ditor for your programs. you

Can also e,xplore, note,pad++ for some, advance,d options. it is fre,e,ly available, and you will just ne,e,d to download and install it on your machine,. on the, othe,r hand, if you are, a mac use,r, you can e,xplore, te,xt e,ditor options like, bbe,dit and te,xt e,dit.

Compile,r

Now that you have, writte,n the, program and you are, all re,ady to te,st if you have, writte,n it corre,ctly or not, you have, to give, it to the, compute,r and se,e, if it unde,rstands what you are, trying to communicate,. howe,ve,r, the, compute,r only unde,rstands binary language,, and what you have, writte,n is far from what it can dire,ctly dige,st. the,re,fore,, this file, ne,e,ds to be, conve,rte,d into a binary format.

If you have, made, syntactical e,rrors and not followe,d the, rule,s of the, programming language,, the, compile,r will not be, able, to make, this conve,rsion smoothly and will raise, an e,rror me,ssage, for you. the,re,fore,, the, compile,r is a program that che,cks if you have, followe,d the, syntactical rule,s of the, chose,n programming language, and conve,rts the, te,xt file, into its binary form. more,ove,r, this proce,ss of conve,rsion is re,fe,rre,d to as compilation.

Most programming language,s like, c, java, c++, and pascal, be,side,s many othe,rs, re,quire, compilation, and you will ne,e,d to install the,ir re,spe,ctive, compile,rs be,fore, you can e,xe,cute, any programs writte,n using the,m.

Inte,rpre,te,r

Unlike, the, programming language,s me,ntione,d above,, the,re, are, some, othe,r programming language,s like, python and pe,rl that do not re,quire, a compile,r. the,re,fore,, inste,ad of a compile,r, the,y ne,e,d an inte,rpre,te,r, which is also software,. the, inte,rpre,te,r simply re,ads the, program from the, te,xt file, and as it parse,s the, file,, it conve,rts the, conte,nts of the, file, and e,xe,cute,s the,m. if you are, working on any such programming language,s, re,me,mbe,r to install the, corre,sponding inte,rpre,te,r on your syste,m be,fore, starting.

If you have,n’t worke,d with a compute,r be,fore, or have, little, to no e,xpe,rie,nce, in installing software, on the, compute,r, te,chnical advice, from an e,xpe,rt is re,comme,nde,d. howe,ve,r, be, sure, to do the, installation yourse,lf, as it will he,lp you build an acquaintance, with the, de,vice, that you will work with in the, ne,ar

Future,.

Be,side,s this, if your compute,r doe,s not support the, installation of any of the, programming e,nvironme,nt e,le,me,nts, you can also make, use, of the, online, compile,rs and inte,rpre,te,rs that are, available, for all the, diffe,re,nt programming language,s nowadays. all you ne,e,d is a good inte,rne,t conne,ction and a we,b browse,r to ope,n the,se, online, facilitie,s and ge,t starte,d with your programming le,ssons and practice, se,ssions right away.

Chapte,r 1: what is a programming language, and popular programming language,s?

The,re, are, thre,e, main cate,gorie,s of compute,r programming language,:

Machine, language,

This is the, de,fault compute,r language, that is built in primitive, instructions re,pre,se,nte,d to the, compute,r in binary code,. thus, if you want to instruct a compute,r, you must write, in binary code,. he,re, is an e,xample, of ‘he,llo world’ in binary:

01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111 00100000 01110111

01101111 01110010 01101100 01100100

Asse,mbly language,

Asse,mbly language,s are, alte,rnative,s to machine, language,s. the,y use, mne,monics to re,pre,se,nt machine, language, instructions. since, compute,rs cannot unde,rstand asse,mbly language,, we, use, a program calle,d an asse,mble,r to conve,rt asse,mbly language, code, into machine, language, code,. compare,d to machine, language,s, asse,mbly language,s are, re,lative,ly e,asie,r to le,arn and use,, but the,y are, still te,dious be,cause, the,y are, close,r to machine, language,.

High-le,ve,l programming language,s

The, late, 1990s ushe,re,d in the, de,ve,lopme,nt of a ne,w ge,ne,ration of compute,r programming language,s calle,d high-le,ve,l programming language,s.

High-le,ve,l programming language,s are, e,nglish-like, compute,r programming language,s that are, platform-inde,pe,nde,nt, which me,ans code, writte,n in high- le,ve,l programming language, can run on any machine, or compute,r.

Almost e,ve,ry programming language, in use, in the, mode,rn programming world is high-le,ve,l. the,se, language,s use, state,me,nts to instruct a compute,r to pe,rform se,ts of instructions. he,re, is an e,xample, of calculating the, sum of two numbe,rs using mode,rn programming language,s:

Numbe,r1 = 10

Numbe,r2 = 100

Sum = numbe,r1 + numbe,r2

Today, we, have, many high-le,ve,l programming language,s. the, list be,low shows the, most popular programming language,s, the, one,s commonly applicable, in any fie,ld.

Python java c++

Javascript ruby

In this guide,, we, shall be, discussing the, e,sse,ntials you ne,e,d to maste,r to start programming or writing compute,r code, in thre,e, programming language,s: java, c++, and python (ve,rsion 3).

The, ne,xt phase, starts the, discussion by looking at the, basic e,le,me,nts, whose, unde,rstanding of which will allow you to ge,t starte,d on the, path to be,ing a proficie,nt programme,r.

Programming basics

Like, human language,s, high-le,ve,l programming language,s have, a se,t of ke,y e,le,me,nts. most high-le,ve,l programming language,s have, the, following core, e,le,me,nts:

E,nvironme,nts ke,ywords

Data type,s variable,s ope,rators control flow functions arrays strings

Inputs/outputs

E,nvironme,nt se,tup

Since, compute,rs lack the, ability to unde,rstand high-le,ve,l programming language,s dire,ctly, we, use, translator or conve,rtor whe,re, we, write, our code, and the,n translate, it to machine, code,. we, call this a de,ve,lopme,nt e,nvironme,nt.

Although it is not a programming e,le,me,nt by itse,lf, se,tting up your de,ve,lopme,nt e,nvironme,nt is usually the, ve,ry first ste,p to working with e,ve,ry programming language,. it mainly comprise,s of installing a ce,rtain type, of software, on your compute,r so that you can cre,ate, compute,r code, and translate, this code, into the, language, your compute,r can unde,rstand.

With most high-le,ve,l programming language,s, the, most notable, tools ne,ce,ssary to cre,ate, a conve,ntional programming e,nvironme,nt are,:

Te,xt e,ditor

A te,xt e,ditor is a pie,ce, of software, we, use, to write, compute,r code, in plain te,xt without formatting. microsoft windows has note,pad as its de,fault te,xt e,ditor. source, code, is the, name, we, use, to re,fe,r to the, code, writte,n and save,d by te,xt e,ditor.

Translators

We, use, translators to conve,rt source, code, into binary language,. the, binary code, translate,d the,n be,come,s what programme,rs re,fe,r to as ‘obje,ct code,.’ translators can be,:

Asse,mble,rs: we, use, the,se, to conve,rt low-le,ve,l language,s into machine, code,.

Compile,rs: compile,rs conve,rt source, code, to binary code, and the,n e,xe,cute, the, binary. if the, program runs into an e,rror during the, e,xe,cution proce,ss, the, compilation stops without cre,ating a binary. the, most popular compile,d language,s are, c, c++, obje,ctive,-c, swift, and pascal.

Inte,rpre,te,rs: inte,rpre,te,rs are, similar to compile,rs but inste,ad of running the, e,ntire, program, the,y conve,rt the, code, line, by line,. this me,ans that e,ve,ry line, of code, runs until an e,rror occurs. once, the, program re,turns an e,rror, the, inte,rpre,te,r automatically stops and re,ports the, e,rror. the, most popular inte,rpre,te,d language,s are, python, ruby, javascript, and pe,rl.

Hybrid translators: hybrid translators are, a combination of compile,rs and inte,rpre,te,rs. the,y conve,rt the, source, code, into byte,code,. runtime, e,ngine,s the,n translate, and e,xe,cute, the, byte,code,. the, main e,xample, he,re, is java that use,s the, java virtual machine, (jvm).

Note,: se,t up your programming e,nvironme,nt de,pe,nding on the, various instructions give,n by e,ach of the, thre,e, programming language,s we, shall be, working with—and e,ach language, has diffe,re,nt e,nvironme,nt se,tup instructions.

Chapte,r 2: e,xe,cution and state,me,nt about a program

State,me,nt

State,me,nts: what are, the,y?

Be,fore, i be,gin e,xplaining what a state,me,nt is, le,t me, pose, you a simple, que,stion. whe,n was the, last time, you had to choose, be,twe,e,n two things, de,pe,nding on the, e,le,me,nts like, what you pre,fe,r, what you can afford, what is ne,ar, and what isn’t? whe,ne,ve,r we, make, de,cisions, we, take, into account      quite,      a      fe,w      compone,nts      and      e,le,me,nts      which      will      e,ve,ntually influe,nce, our de,cision accordingly. similarly, to he,lp us with such issue,s, we, use, state,me,nts, and that is e,xactly what we, will be, looking into.

In the, simple,st de,finition, state,me,nts are, nothing more, than instructions that program inte,rpre,te,r unde,rstands and e,xe,cute,s, we, have, be,e,n writing some, ourse,lve,s whe,n we, se,t value,s to variable,s.

State,me,nts, whe,re, we, assign value,s to variable,s, are, calle,d assignme,nt state,me,nts. howe,ve,r, as long as program is be,ing discusse,d, ge,ne,rally, state,me,nts re,fe,r to ‘if’ state,me,nts.

The, ‘if’ state,me,nt is what provide,s programs with a situation and allows program to take, appropriate, action ‘if’ a give,n situation is true,, othe,rwise,, it take,s anothe,r route,. sounds e,asy and it is actually inte,re,sting too. le,t us se,e, how we, can cre,ate, our ve,ry first ‘if’ state,me,nt.

He,re,’s the, situation. a use,r wishe,s to sign in using the,ir account. the, prompt asks for the, passcode, only. if the, use,r inputs the, right, case,-se,nsitive,, passcode,, he, should be, allowe,d acce,ss. if the, use,r e,nte,rs the, wrong password, it should not go through and inform the, use,r that the, e,nte,re,d password was incorre,ct.

To do that, we, first ne,e,d to e,stablish a password. you can e,ithe,r come, up with your own pre,-de,fine,d one, or ask the, use,r to cre,ate, a ne,w passcode, and the,n re,-e,nte,r it. i le,ave, the, choice, up to you.

Password = input(cre,ate, a password: ) print(we,lcome, to the, portal)

So far, i have, only aske,d the, use,r to e,nte,r a password of the,ir choice,. if you

Wish, you can se,t any string or numbe,rs as a password. ne,xt, i cre,ate,d a little, we,lcome, gre,e,ting. now, we, shall ask the, use,r to e,nte,r the,ir password:

Password_che,ck = input(ple,ase, e,nte,r your password: )

The, only thing worth noting he,re, is that i change,d the, name, of the, variable,. if you are, wonde,ring why, that is be,cause, had i use,d the, same, variable, name,; it would have, update,d the, password, inste,ad of comparing it. since, we, wish to ve,rify the, password, we, will ne,e,d to use, a diffe,re,nt variable,.

Now, the, custome,r has give,n us two pie,ce,s of information. he,re,, we, te,ll programming what to do if the, password matche,s.

If password_che,ck == password:

Print(succe,ssful! we,lcome, back!)

The,re, are, two things to notice, he,re,. whe,ne,ve,r you type, in ‘if’ as your first word, pycharm will de,te,ct that you wish to cre,ate, an ‘if’ state,me,nt. the, color of ‘if’ will change, to de,note, the, same,. afte,r ‘if,’ we, ne,e,d to de,fine, our condition. to do that, you may have, obse,rve,d that i use,d == inste,ad of a single, e,quals sign. the,se, signs are, calle,d ope,rators, which we, will discuss late,r. all you ne,e,d to know he,re, is this:

‘=‘ is use,d to assign a value,

‘==‘ is use,d to e,ithe,r e,quate, two variable,s or compare, to se,e, if the, two are, e,xactly the, same,.

In the, above, instance,, we, will use, this comparison ope,rator. he,re, is the, most inte,re,sting bit; unlike, all the, code,s we, wrote, so far, this line, e,nds with a colon ‘:’.

E,ve,ry conditional state,me,nt, such as the, ‘if’ state,me,nt, e,nds with a colon in program to cre,ate, a block of code, that will e,xe,cute, unde,r that colon. the, ne,xt line, will be,gin with an inde,ntation. do not re,move, that inde,nt as that would cause, confusion since, i had alre,ady se,t the, condition, which quite, lite,rally re,ads as if password_che,ck is e,xactly the, same, as password and now i adde,d the, command that it ne,e,ds to carry out if the, condition is me,t. whe,n you e,xe,cute, this program, you will be,gin with the, prompt asking you to choose, a password. that would be, store,d as a variable, name,d password. ne,xt, the, prompt will ask us to type, in the, password once, again for ve,rification or for login purpose,s. whate,ve,r we, type, he,re, will be, store,d in a variable, calle,d password_che,ck. now, programs will compare, the, two value,s and se,e, if the, two are, e,xactly alike,. if so, it will print out a succe,ss me,ssage,.

I am quite, sure, that you have, just trie,d to e,nte,r the, wrong password de,libe,rate,ly. it e,nde,d the, program altoge,the,r without any warning, right? the,re, is a re,ason for that. we, have, only de,fine,d the, ‘if’ condition. we, ne,ve,r got to the, part to de,fine, the, ‘e,lse,’ condition.

The, ‘e,lse,’ condition is the, final condition, and it usually come,s into play whe,n the, ‘if’ condition or othe,rs are, not true, and are, not fulfille,d. to do that, we, will add two line,s of code, be,ne,ath the, first one,. now, the, e,ntire, program should look like, this:

Password = input(cre,ate, a password: ) print(we,lcome, to the, portal)

Password_che,ck = input(ple,ase, e,nte,r your password: ) if password_che,ck == password:

Print(succe,ssful! we,lcome, back!) e,lse,:

Print(sorry buddy! that’s a nay!)

Notice, how ‘e,lse,’ state,me,nt ne,e,ds no inde,ntation he,re,, and it doe,s not re,quire, you to provide, additional conditions e,ithe,r.

Now, i will run the, code, twice,. once, corre,ct and the, othe,r incorre,ct, le,t us

Se,e, how it works:

Corre,ct password cre,ate, a password: 123 we,lcome, to the, portal

Ple,ase, e,nte,r your password: 123 succe,ssful! we,lcome, back!

Incorre,ct password

Cre,ate, a password: 123 we,lcome, to the, portal

Ple,ase, e,nte,r your password: 122

Sorry buddy! that’s a nay!

He,re,’s a que,stion, what if the,re, is more, than one, condition to a state,me,nt? suppose, you are, to choose, a numbe,r be,twe,e,n one, to thre,e, and the,n give, an appropriate, me,ssage,, de,pe,nding on the, numbe,r the, use,r choose,s, how would we, do that?

Print(we,lcome, to my little, game,)

Numbe,r = int(input(choose, a numbe,r be,twe,e,n 1-3: )) if numbe,r == 1:

Print("you