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    Crude Petroleum analysis handbook: Crude oil Quality control, #1
    Crude Petroleum analysis handbook: Crude oil Quality control, #1
    Crude Petroleum analysis handbook: Crude oil Quality control, #1
    Ebook98 pages1 hour

    Crude Petroleum analysis handbook: Crude oil Quality control, #1

    By Ahmed Ali

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    About this ebook

     

    The physical characteristics of petroleum are extremely diverse. Numerous tests have been created and are still being developed to show how a specific feedstock should be handled. The most reasonable ways to refine and classify petroleum can be inferred from an initial examination of its nature. The application and interpretation of data obtained from multiple test procedures for petroleum feedstocks and products are described in detail in the Handbook of Petroleum Analysis, a single, all-inclusive source.

    Due to changes in feedstock composition over the past three decades, there has been an increased requirement for the use of analytical techniques to petroleum. The different facets of petroleum analysis are covered in the Crude Petroleum anaysis handbook, which also provides a thorough explanation of the required standard tests .
    Crude oil , including the requirement for standards
    Offers thorough justifications for evaluation of crude petroleum .
    This book covers discussion of standard testing methods main inspection analysis of crude petroleum :
    Density ,API
    Water content
    Salt content
    Viscosity
    Pour Point
    Sulfur content
    Asphaltenes content
    Trace elements
    Other tests
    This book is very useful for early career , student and Petroleum production company lab applicants.

     

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAhmed Ali
    Release dateFeb 11, 2023
    ISBN9798215043110
    Crude Petroleum analysis handbook: Crude oil Quality control, #1

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    • 4/5
      Good book for practical crude oil analysis or in lab analysis methods of evaluation of crude oil

    Book preview

    Crude Petroleum analysis handbook - Ahmed Ali

    Cover page (1).jpg

    Contents

    Introduction

    Terminology

    Introduction

    Origin

    Composition

    Emulsions

    Analysis

    Physical properties

    Introduction

    Significance

    Summary

    General sample Preparation for testing

    Inspection assays

    Sampling

    Terminology

    Introduction

    Obtaining Crude Oil Samples

    Significance

    AUTOMATIC SAMPLING

    MANUAL SAMPLING

    Sample Mixing Methods

    Sample Containers

    Apparatus

    SAMPLE MIXING SYSTEMS

    Water cut

    Terminology

    Introduction

    Significance and Use

    Distillation Method

    Centrifuge method

    Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration method

    Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration method

    Salt

    Terminology

    Introduction

    Significance

    Electrometric Method

    Potentiometric Method

    Density

    Terminology

    Introduction

    Significance

    Hydrometer Method

    Digital Density Analyzer

    Pycnometer (Bingiham) Method

    Pycnometer (Lipkin) Method

    Viscosity

    Terminology

    Introduction

    Significance

    Test Methods

    Stabinger viscometer automatic method:

    Kinematic viscosity manual method(Capillary Tube Viscometer) :

    Rotary Viscometer

    Pour point

    Terminology

    Introduction

    Significance

    Test Methods

    Manual method

    Automatic method

    Vapor pressure

    Terminology

    Introduction

    Significance

    VPCRx (Expansion Method)

    Reid Method

    Sulfur

    Terminology

    Introduction

    Significance

    Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Method

    Asphaltenes

    Terminology

    Introduction

    Significance

    Gravimetric or Extraction Method

    Spectroscopy in a Microfluidic Platform

    Other test methods

    Trace elements

    TOTAL ACID NUMBER

    Carbon Residue

    Organic Halide

    Ash

    Boiling range distribution

    References

    Introduction

    Terminology

    Petroleum

    is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons, generally in a liquid state, which may also include compounds of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, metals, and other elements (ASTM D4175) (Speight, 2000, 2014a). Although petroleum and fractions thereof have been known since ancient time (Henry, 1873; Abraham, 1945; Forbes, 1958a, b, 1959, 1964; James and Thorpe, 1994; Speight, 2014a),

    Introduction

    Petroleum is, without a doubt, the most important substance consumed in modern society. It not only provides raw materials for commonplace plastics and other products, but also fuel for energy, industry, heating, and transportation. The term petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and oleum, which literally means rock oil, refers to hydrocarbons found in sedimentary rocks as gases, liquids, semisolids, or solids.

    Petroleum is a chemically complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, with trace amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-containing compounds, as well as trace amounts of metal-containing compounds.

    Petroleum-derived fuels account for more than half of the world's total energy supply. Automobiles, tractors, trucks, aircraft, and ships run on gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil. Natural gas and fuel oil are used to heat homes and businesses, as well as to generate electricity. Petroleum products are the primary raw materials used to make synthetic fibres for clothing, as well as plastics, paints, fertilizers, insecticides, soaps, and synthetic rubber. The use of petroleum as a raw material source in manufacturing is critical to the operation of modern industries.

    Petroleum is a resource that is derived from carbon. As a result, the geochemical carbon cycle is also important. Interest in fossil fuel usage in terms of petroleum formation, use, and carbon dioxide buildup in the atmosphere. Thus, more efficient use of petroleum is critical

    importance.

    Petroleum technology will continue to exist in some form until suitable alternative forms of energy become widely available. As a result, a thorough understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of petroleum recovery and processing is required. The history of any subject is the method by which the subject is studied in the hope of learning more about it.

    can be drawn from historical events. Petroleum, petroleum derivatives (naphtha), heavy oil, and bitumen are not novel in the current context. Petroleum and its derivatives were used since thousands of years  and are well documented in many older civilizations (Henry, 1873; Abraham, 1945; Forbes, 1958a, 1958b; James and Thorpe, 1994). Thus, the use of petroleum and the development of related technology is not as recent as we might think.

    The petroleum industry, on the other hand, is essentially a twentieth-century industry, but understanding the evolution of the industry requires a brief understanding of the first uses of petroleum.

    as early as 4000 BC , Bitumen or asphalt was widely used in construction and works by Sumarians. Although the words bitumen and asphalt can be distinguished in modern usage, the occurrence of these words in older texts does not.

    Origin

    The origin of carbon fuels is debated by two theories: the abiogenic theory and the biogenic theory (Kenney et al., 2001, 2002). Since the 1860s, shortly after the discovery of widespread petroleum occurrence, the two theories have been fiercely debated. The purpose of this section is not to persuade readers of the origins of petroleum and natural gas.

    The goal is to present both points of view to the reader so that they can do additional research and decide.

    ABIOGENIC ORIGIN

    Berthelot considered acetylene to be the basic material, and crude oil constituents were created from it. Initially, alkali metals acted on carbonates to form inorganic carbides, after which the carbides reacted with water to produce acetylene.

    Untitled.png

    Mendelejeff described another theory in which acetylene is considered to be the basic material, in which the action of dilute acids or hot water on mixed iron and manganese carbides produces a mixture of hydrocarbons from which petroleum evolved:

    BIOGENIC ORIGIN

    It is formed from the decayed remains of prehistoric marine animals and terrestrial plants, according to this theory. This organic matter, mixed with mud, is buried under thick sedimentary layers of material over many centuries.

    The resulting high levels

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