Larz and Isabel Anderson: Wealth and Celebrity in the Gilded Age

Copyright © 2016 Stephen T. Moskey.

In memoriam HELEN CURTIN MOSKEY (1931–2003)

All photographs are a copyright of their source organization shown in the list of illustrations, which constitutes an extension of the copyright page.

The architectural drawings in chapters 5 and 7 are copyright © 2015 by Stephen T. Moskey. All rights reserved.

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Cover Illustration:

The Winter Garden of Anderson House

Bruce M. White

Used by kind permission of Mr. White.

Copyright © by Bruce M. White. All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-1-4917-8874-5 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-4917-8875-2 (hc)

ISBN: 978-1-4917-8873-8 (e)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016903623

iUniverse rev. date: 09/07/2016

Contents

List of Illustrations

Tracing the Andersons: A Personal Journey

Prologue: From A Patient’s Nursing Notes (October 12–November 3, 1948)

I. Larz Kilgour Anderson

II. A Native Son Abroad

III. Isabel Weld Perkins

IV. Engagement, Wedding, And First Years Together (1896–1899)

V. A Country Place Of Their Own (Brookline)

VI. Life At Weld

VII. The Genius Of Anderson House (Washington)

VIII. Life In Washington

IX. A Rough-And-Ready Place (New Hampshire)

X. At Home In The World

XI. Aboard The Roxana

XII. Life Interrupted (Brussels 1911–1912)

XIII. Diplomatic Finale (Tokyo)

XIV. In The Fight For Freedom (Europe 1917–1918)

XV. By Isabel Anderson

XVI. Life Without Larz (1937–1948)

XVII. Redemption of A Cultural Legacy

Epilogue: The Story of Antonio Scali (1931), by Larz Anderson

Appendix: Essay on Louisa May Alcott and Anna Minot Weld, by Isabel Anderson (ca. 1938)

References

Endnotes

Book Group Discussion Guide

Illustrations

Frontispiece. Mr. and Mrs. Larz Anderson aboard the SS Laconia, April 11, 1927. (Montauk Photo Concern, author’s collection.)

Figure 1. Nicholas Longworth Anderson house, Washington, DC, November 1883. (Photograph by Marian Hooper Adams. Collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.) 2

Figure 2. Larz Anderson, May 26, 1911. (Bain Photo, author’s collection.) 18

Figure 3. Mrs. Larz Anderson at the National Capital Horse Show, Washington, DC, 1920. (National Photo Company, author’s collection.) 36

Figure 4. Larz and Isabel on their honeymoon, August 1897. (Photo by J. & J. Williams, Hawaii. Howard Gotlieb Center for Archival Research, Boston University.) 46

Figure 5. Aiglon aerial photograph of the Anderson estate, Brookline, ca. 1925. (Courtesy of Historic New England, General Photographic Collection, Boston.) 64

Figure 6. Charles A. Platt’s watercolor of the Anderson Italian Garden, Brookline, 1905. (Frances Benjamin Johnston Collection, Library of Congress, LC-J717-X103-13.) 70

Figure 7. The garden system of Weld. (Drawing by Harry I. Martin III, author’s collection.) 76

Figure 8. What Weld might have looked like if Larz had gotten his way: Charles A. Platt’s painting In the Gardens, Villa d’Este, 1893. (Author’s collection.) 77

Figure 9. Ground floor of Weld. (Drawing by Harry I. Martin III, author’s collection.) 80

Figure 10. Second floor of Weld. (Drawing by Harry I. Martin III, author’s collection.) 80

Figure 11. Longitudinal section of Weld. (Drawing by Harry I. Martin III, author’s collection.) 81

Figure 12. The Italian Garden at Weld, ca. 1905. (Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site Archives, Brookline.) 85

Figure 13. Anderson House, Washington, DC, 1927. (Acme News Pictures, author’s collection.) 99

Figure 14. Ground floor of Anderson House. (Drawing by Harry I. Martin III, author’s collection.) 104

Figure 15. Piano Nobile of Anderson House. (Drawing by Harry I. Martin III, author’s collection.) 104

Figure 16. The Saloon as the Andersons furnished it, ca. 1930s. (Acme Photo, author’s collection.) 117

Figure 17. Isabel Anderson on horseback in the mountains of Colorado, 1920. (Larz Anderson, Some Scraps, vol. 21, Travels of the Tribe of Manhattan into the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Gift of Larz K. Anderson and Mary Lou Anderson. Society of the Cincinnati, Washington, DC.) 131

Figure 18. Larz and Isabel Anderson with one of their guides, Allagash River, Maine, 1905. (Larz Anderson Auto Museum, Anderson Collection.) 139

Figure 19. The Anderson houseboat, the Roxana, ca. 1910. (Author’s collection.) 156

Figure 20. Larz Anderson in bespoke diplomatic uniform, Palais d’Assche, Brussels, 1912. (Collections of the Society of the Cincinnati, Washington, DC.) 165

Figure 21. Ambassador and Mrs. Larz Anderson in their new Hudson 33 in front of the US embassy, Tokyo, 1913. (Photo by Y. Imai, Osaka. Larz Anderson Auto Museum.) 193

Figure 22. Isabel Anderson in her Red Cross nurse’s uniform, 1918. (Author’s collection.) 209

Figure 23. Isabel Anderson signing books in the runway of her New Hampshire retreat, The Boxlet, 1947. (Collections of the Society of the Cincinnati, Washington, DC.) 215

Figure 24. Funeral shrine to Larz Anderson at Weld in Brookline, 1948. (Leslie Jones Collection, Boston Public Library via Digital Commonwealth.) 235

Figure 25. A worker removing the wall fountain in the Anderson Italian Garden, Brookline, 1965. (Town of Brookline.) 249

A Note on the Architectural Drawings

The floor plans presented in chapters 5 and 7 were newly created from copies of the blueprints for Anderson House and Weld by Harry I. Martin III, AIA, using AutoCAD. Sources: Anderson House, Archives of the Society of the Cincinnati, Washington, DC; Weld, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, Brookline, MA.

Larz Anderson Vignettes

Five of Larz Anderson’s pen-and-ink vignettes, which Larz originally published around 1920 in a privately printed booklet, Larz Anderson USA, are reproduced on pages 79, 125, 151, 189, and 209. These charming sketches depict some of the people, places, and events described in this book and exemplify Larz’s artistic talents. (Author’s collection.)

Preface

TRACING THE ANDERSONS: A PERSONAL JOURNEY

I likely first saw Anderson House, the 1905 Beaux-Arts mansion in Washington’s Dupont Circle neighborhood that was once the winter home of Larz and Isabel Anderson, in the late 1960s. As an adventuresome undergraduate at Georgetown University who felt constrained by the stone walls of the hilltop campus, I made a habit of escaping into the city to look at buildings and landscapes.

In early 2010, recently laid off from a job in nonprofit management, I began again to take urban walks and rediscover buildings I’d enjoyed seeing more than forty years earlier. For the first time I took the tour of Anderson House, headquarters of the Society of the Cincinnati, located only four blocks from my own home on Massachusetts Avenue. A chance encounter with the society’s library director and a question to her about how the Andersons entertained their guests led to an invitation to visit the organization’s library to read Larz Anderson’s typescript journals.

I quickly became immersed in the details of the Andersons’ life, and by midsummer the society’s staff had invited me to give a lecture on my research. I presented The Foodways of Larz and Isabel Anderson at Anderson House in August 2010. Within a few months, and largely with the encouragement of Washington historian James M. Goode, who had attended the lecture, I began the process of planning a book-length study of the life and times of Larz and Isabel Anderson.

As an amateur historian with no formal training in history other than a few college courses in American and European history supplemented by a lifelong program of reading biographies, I naively assumed research for the book would take about a year and the book itself would be written within another. I was not sure there was even enough of a historical record to write more than a slim volume or perhaps just a series of articles. Early on, one longtime resident of the capital asked me, Given Larz and Isabel’s social prominence and the importance of Anderson House in Washington history, don’t you think someone would have written a book by now if there was enough material? The question did not deter me. I guessed (correctly, as it turned out!) that people who lived as large and as long as the Andersons did—people who left behind buildings and land that still bear their name, people who knew presidents, politicians, royalty, and thousands of other people—must have left behind a very large footprint. What I found was not a footprint but more like a mudflat filled with thousands of tracks frozen in time and hidden in plain sight.

My primary goal in writing this book has been to make readers feel as though they know Larz and Isabel personally. I want Larz and Isabel to come alive for modern readers. My other goal has been to help readers understand how Gilded Age society actually functioned. It was an interconnected and relatively small elite global village where everyone knew everyone. Wherever they went in the world, Larz and Isabel knew someone who lived there—or at least they knew someone who knew someone who lived there and brought with them letters of introduction that opened doors and got them invited to dinner and tea. Readers will recognize the names of the people who lived in this village—Henry and Clover Adams, Louisa May Alcott, Alice Pike Barney, Alva Vanderbilt Belmont, Elizabeth Sherman Cameron, Katharine Cornell, Maud Howe Elliott, John Hay, Henry James, Isabella Stewart Gardner, Robert Todd Lincoln, Frederick Law Olmsted, General John Pershing, Theodore Roosevelt, Elihu Root, John Singer Sargent, William Howard Taft, George Washington Vanderbilt, Charles Frederick Worth, and many more.

As the book was nearing completion, I came to see that there was another outcome that I had not anticipated: this biography returns Isabel Anderson to her rightful place among great American women of the twentieth century. She was a centennial baby, born in 1876 and raised by parents who had solidly nineteenth-century views of what it meant to be a young, elite American woman: namely, a private education, a chaperoned grand tour of Europe, a high-profile wedding to a man of means, and then a life as a wife who facilitated her husband’s career and social standing through her role as the couple’s society hostess. Isabel did all those things, but unlike her husband, she had no interest in remaining locked into the expectations, pomp, and protocols the nineteenth century imposed on women like her. Isabel was from her earliest years an independent spirit who saw the possibility of a new and exciting place in American society for women at the dawn of the twentieth century. On social issues, she was ahead of her time, as readers will discover here.

The acknowledgments at the end of this volume thank the many people who have been of enormous assistance over the past several years, but those from four organizations go to the top of the list: the Society of the Cincinnati for magnificent assistance in so many ways; the Town of Brookline for opening its records and files on the Anderson estate, now Larz Anderson Park, and giving me extraordinary access to the park itself; the American Library in Paris, which hosted me for a month as a visiting researcher while I started the first draft of this book, studied Larz’s French connection, and explored the parts of Paris he knew and loved; and finally, the Larz Anderson Auto Museum for generously sharing its wonderful collection of Anderson materials. I am most of all indebted to Isabel Anderson’s relatives who welcomed me into their homes, shared family stories about Larz and Isabel, and allowed me to experience firsthand some of the places described in this book.

I hope you will enjoy reading this story of an extraordinary Gilded Age couple and learning about a fascinating period of American history. I encourage you to visit Anderson House in Washington, DC; the Larz Anderson Park and Larz Anderson Auto Museum in Brookline; and the many other places Larz and Isabel enjoyed that you are going to read about here.

Stephen T. Moskey

Washington, DC

September 4, 2015

Prologue

FROM A PATIENT’S NURSING NOTES (OCTOBER 12–NOVEMBER 3, 1948)

¹

W hen the end came on November 3, the patient had been in room 716 of the Phillips House wing of the Massachusetts General Hospital for three weeks and a day. She had been admitted to Phillips in the early afternoon of October 12, 1948, after tripping on a rug in her bedroom that morning. Unable to lift herself up off the floor, she had her servants call for a doctor. He used a portable x-ray machine to diagnose a fractured right hip and had her transported to Phillips House. The admitting diagnosis was Fracture right femoral neck; Arteriosclerosis; Hypertensive vascular disease.

Though she had always been in good health, she was considered a poor risk for anesthesia. Nonetheless, surgeons went ahead with the procedure and wired her fractured hip to try to keep it together and let it heal. She did not rally from the surgery. Indeed, she was in great discomfort in her private room, attended by her own nurse. She was tired yet slept only intermittently. She had difficulty swallowing, and her speech was sometimes slurred, sometimes distinct.

On October 17, she ominously exclaimed to her nurse, I am turning black! The nurse observed no dementia or disorientation. The patient was a playwright and poet who understood the power of metaphor: black—the color of death.

A week later the patient asked her nurse, Why don’t I die? And then she said emphatically, I want to go home. She did not mean the home she had shared with her husband for forty years. She understood her medical condition. After all, she had been a nurse in war zones and epidemics and had seen enough sickness, suffering, and death to know she was next.

As the end approached, she started sleeping soundly and quietly and for longer periods of time. The more her physical condition deteriorated, the better she slept. Of death she had once written, It is, after all, the spirit going home to the region whence it came, after a hard day’s work, to be at peace and with friends.

The dying patient knew she would soon see her beloved husband and best friend in life, Larz Kilgour Anderson.

Figure 1. Nicholas Longworth Anderson house, Washington, DC, 1883.

I

LARZ KILGOUR ANDERSON

B y the time of Larz Anderson’s birth in 1866, eight generations of Andersons had lived and prospered in the New World. The first generation arrived in Jamestown from England in the seventeenth century. The generations leading up to Larz’s birth were native-born Virginians, Kentuckians, and Ohioans.

Eighteen-year-old Thomas Anderson (b. 1616) was the first of Larz’s ancestors to arrive in Jamestown, on January 2, 1634, aboard the merchant ship Bonaventure. Thomas’s father, Richard (b. 1585), and younger brother Richard Jr. (b. 1618) arrived in Virginia in July the following year, though they sailed on separate ships to reduce the risk that both would be lost at sea. These early Andersons were members of the Church of England, were loyal to the Crown, and came to the Virginia colony seeking opportunity.¹

The Andersons of Goldmines, Virginia

Richard Jr.’s son Robert Anderson I (1644–1712) belonged to the first generation of Andersons born in the New World. Three generations later, on January 12, 1750, the man who our Larz Anderson called Great-Grandfather Anderson, Richard Clough Anderson (1750–1826), was born on the Goldmines plantation in St. Martin’s Parish of Hanover County, Virginia, not far from Richmond. Known to his family as Dick, he witnessed many key events and battles in the American War of Independence.² His war adventures and capture by the British inspired generations of Andersons. On December 16, 1773, while in Boston Harbor as the supercargo of a ship from Richmond, Dick witnessed the Boston Tea Party. When he returned to Virginia, he told his friend Patrick Henry about what he had seen at the harbor. Dick thus gave one of the Founding Fathers a firsthand report of the earliest days of the Revolution in Boston.

In 1776, Dick raised a company for the Continental Army and was commissioned a captain of the Fifth Virginia Regiment, Continental Line. He was wounded when a Hessian soldier shot him in the hip at the second battle of Trenton on January 2, 1777. After five months in a Philadelphia hospital, Dick returned to the fighting and saw battle at Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. He was promoted to the rank of major in the Sixth Virginia Regiment in 1778. He passed through Valley Forge on his way south to serve under Casimir Pulaski at Savannah and was with the Polish nobleman when he died. Within a short time, Dick was taken prisoner in Charleston.³

Dick’s release from captivity came during an exchange of prisoners. Eventually detailed to the Marquis de Lafayette, Dick served as the Frenchman’s aide-de-camp in the Virginia campaign against Cornwallis and was subsequently promoted to lieutenant colonel of the Third Virginia Regiment. In 1783, at war’s end, Richard Clough Anderson became an original member of the Society of the Cincinnati, a moment in family history in which Larz took great pride and enshrined in a mural at Anderson House in Washington.

A group of former officers appointed Dick surveyor of the Virginia Military Land District in Kentucky County (then a part of Virginia). He was to oversee the allotment of land given to Continental Army officers in lieu of payment for their service during the war. Dick himself received a choice piece of land near the Falls of Ohio (now the Hurstbourne area of Louisville), where he built a house he called Soldier’s Retreat. Over the next four decades, he worked in a small office at the intersection of what is now Third and Main Streets in Louisville issuing land grants, resolving ownership disputes, and setting property boundaries.

In 1787, Dick married Elizabeth Clark (1763-1795), sister of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Dick taught both Meriwether Lewis and William Clark the art of surveying and gave them his theodolite, a surveying instrument used to measure angles, for their expedition across the Louisiana Purchase to the Pacific Northwest.⁴ In 1797, after Elizabeth had died, Dick married Sarah Marshall (1779-1854), a cousin of John Marshall, the famous US Supreme Court chief justice. From their earliest years in America, the Andersons married many times into families bearing important names in the history of the American Republic.

Sarah gave birth to their first child at Soldier’s Retreat. They named him Larz Anderson (1803–1878; hereafter Larz I). This was the first appearance of the name Larz in Anderson family history. It would proliferate and show up in every subsequent generation of Andersons descended from Richard Clough Anderson, even into the twentieth century. In early America, before and after independence, parents gave their children names drawn from biblical stories, historic events, and geography to connect the children with the wider context of world history and geography, as it was then understood. Africa Hamlin (b. 1760), an officer in the Continental Army and an early member of the Society of the Cincinnati, for example, had brothers named Asia, Europe, and America. Larz is perhaps a reference to the family’s Scandinavian origins hundreds of years earlier. Andersons arrived in Scotland with Danish or Norse invaders as early as 1350.⁵ Naming an Anderson boy Larz connected the family not to Britain but to its almost-forgotten roots in Scandinavia.

In his early youth, Larz I had private tutoring to prepare him for Harvard, where he enrolled in 1818 at the age of fifteen. He was the first of many Andersons descended from Richard Clough Anderson to study there. He graduated in 1822 and returned to Louisville where, like many men in the nineteenth century who wanted a career in the law, he studied under a practicing lawyer, Henry Pirtle, a prominent Kentucky lawyer and later judge. Larz I became Pirtle’s first law partner, a connection that helped him establish a successful career in law and commerce.⁶

Cincinnati and the Anderson-Longworth Connection

In 1828, firmly established in Kentucky, twenty-five-year-old Larz I married Cynthia Ann Pope. Complications during the birth of their only child, Richard Clough Anderson II (1829–1879), led to Cynthia’s death a few months later. For the next five years, Larz I raised his son by himself. In 1834, the thirty-year-old widower moved to Cincinnati to marry nineteen-year-old Catherine Longworth (1815–1893). Catherine’s father was the prosperous Cincinnati vintner, merchant, and art patron Nicholas Longworth (1783–1863). For some forty years, Longworth produced a popular sparkling wine made from a hearty, indigenous grape, the American Catawba. He became a wealthy man worth millions.⁷ Longworth’s patronage supported the work of ten artists, including his most famous protégé, the sculptor Hiram Powers. Larz and Isabel owned a marble bust of Larz’s great-grandfather Nicholas Longworth by Powers.⁸

The Longworth family grew in size and wealth over subsequent generations, and its members contributed substantially to the growth of Cincinnati. The family plot in Cincinnati’s Spring Grove Cemetery is one of the largest there. Longworth’s descendants also left their mark on American history. His great-grandson Nicholas Longworth (1869–1931) became Speaker of the House in the early twentieth century, and the Longworth House Office Building in Washington is named in his honor. His great-granddaughter Countess Clara Longworth de Chambrun was a leader of the expatriate American community in Paris. She helped found the American Library in Paris in 1920, and in 1941, eighteen months after the city fell to Nazi occupation, she became the library’s director.

After his marriage to Catherine, Larz I steadily built his law practice in Cincinnati. With the landholdings of the Andersons and the business connections of the Longworths backing him up, he became a prosperous member of Cincinnati society. He was a philanthropist who gave generously to public charities and the arts. His large Greek Revival mansion adjacent to the elegant neoclassical mansion of his father-in-law exuded success and power. (The former Longworth mansion is now the Taft Museum of Art.) In the 1860s he became a director of the Little Miami Railroad, which had among its investors the Kilgour family. The Kilgours prospered by investing heavily in transportation and housing. As his grandson would do a generation later, Larz I participated actively in Republican politics, though in 1860 he declined an invitation to run for Congress, citing ill health.⁹ He was much revered by the citizens of Cincinnati for all his good works. His alma mater also recognized his accomplishments and in 1858 awarded him an AM (master of arts) degree.

Larz I and Catherine’s son Nicholas Longworth Anderson, our Larz Anderson’s father, was born in Cincinnati on April 22, 1838. Like his father, Nick—as he was known all his life—prepared for admission to Harvard College with a private tutor, Harvard alumnus Eben Smith Brooks (1807–1865).¹⁰ In July 1854, at the age of sixteen, Nick traveled to Cambridge to take an oral exam for admission to his father’s and his tutor’s alma mater. Mr. Brooks prepared Nick well. He successfully passed six entrance exams in Latin and Greek, three in mathematics, and one each in ancient history and ancient geography. When Nick matriculated at Harvard in the fall of 1854, he resolved to apply himself. I will steadily and manfully bear up, he wrote that September, spurning the pleasures aside which seek to lure me from the right path.¹¹ Thirty years later he went head-to-head with his son over exactly those principles.

Nick eagerly explored the intellectual life of Cambridge and Boston. There was no instruction in English or literature when Nick was at Harvard, but he occasionally attended public lectures by the poet James Russell Lowell, who was then in his thirties. The distinguished poet was young enough to be a fun older friend to Harvard underclassmen, and Nick went to parties at his home. Nick’s classmates represented Boston’s greatest families—Adams, Bradlee, Cabot, Crowninshield, Gardner, Hunnewell, and Sprague. A generation later, the sons of these men would be Harvard classmates and chums as their fathers had been.

When Nick graduated from Harvard in 1858, he traveled first to the Northwest Territory, perhaps inspired by the subject of his commencement oration, French Missionaries in the West, or perhaps to see the land explored by his ancestor William Clark.¹² He returned to the East Coast by late summer in time to sail for Europe with his classmates Henry Adams, Louis Cabot, Benjamin W. Crowninshield, and Hollis Hunnewell. He stayed in Germany as a student for two years—first a year in Berlin and then a year in Heidelberg, where he studied German.¹³

After returning to Cincinnati in November 1860, Nick began law studies in the firm of James T. Worthington and Thomas Stanley Matthews. While he was still at Harvard, his father, Larz I, advised him to pursue a career in the law. Father says I should study law whether I practice it or not, he wrote in his college diary in 1857. Every man should know how to attend to his own private business, and for this end Law is indispensable.¹⁴ Many years later Nick tried unsuccessfully to get his own son to follow this advice.

The Guthrie Greys

The specter of conflict between North and South interrupted Nick’s studies. His great-uncle Major Robert Anderson commanded federal troops at Charleston, South Carolina. The Anderson family well knew a civil war loomed ahead. At the end of December 1860, Nick joined Cincinnati’s best pro-Union militia, the Guthrie Greys, named after Captain Presley N. Guthrie and the gray uniforms that state militia wore before the Civil War. When war broke out on April 12, 1861, the Greys answered President Lincoln’s call for seventy-five thousand volunteers, and the unit mobilized for three months. That October, when the unit remobilized for three years, Larz I outfitted the entire Guthrie Greys with new uniforms of Union blue.

Nick gave what his daughter-in-law Isabel would many years later call strenuous service to the Union cause. Wounded three times, he saw hard fighting at Cheat’s Mountain, Elkwater, Huttonsville, Stone River, and Chickamauga. When the Greys became the Sixth Ohio Volunteers, he was commissioned a colonel. He was twice brevetted on the battlefield, first as brigadier general and then as major general of volunteers. All this happened before his twenty-eighth birthday.¹⁵

Toward the end of his military service, in early 1864, Nick began corresponding with Elizabeth Coles Kilgour (1843–1917), the daughter of one of Cincinnati’s leading men, Scotland-born John Glenny Kilgour (1796–1858). Kilgour’s sons, John (1834–1914) and Charles (1833–1906), were among the movers and shakers of late nineteenth-century Cincinnati. Nick’s father, Larz I, had been in many successful business ventures with the Kilgours. With no parents to oversee her choice of husband, Elizabeth’s brothers stepped in to fill that void. Nick, a handsome cavalry officer from an old and prosperous Cincinnati family that had partnered with the Kilgours in business deals, was an obvious choice.

Though there are no records of Elizabeth’s early life, she grew up in affluent circumstances and had an education suitable for a young woman of her class who was destined to marry well. She had elegant, highly stylized penmanship that to the modern eye is almost impossible to decipher. Elizabeth was well read in English and American literature and, like most American elites, spoke French.

Nick and Elizabeth corresponded for close to a year until he mustered out of service along with the rest of his regiment on June 24, 1864. Nick proposed to Elizabeth in early 1865, about a year after their courtship began. In February, Nick went to Boston to visit some of his Harvard classmates, including John Jack Lowell Gardner (1837–1898), who introduced Nick to his new wife, Isabella Stewart Gardner (1840–1924). A month later, the Gardners traveled to Cincinnati to attend Nick and Elizabeth’s wedding in St. Paul Episcopal Cathedral on March 28.¹⁶

In late spring, the newlyweds went to Washington, where on May 4 Nick applied for a passport for travel to Europe. A week later, on May 10, President Andrew Johnson called for a Grand Review of the Armies in Washington on May 23 and 24. Johnson wanted to honor the Union troops and uplift the nation’s mournful mood following Lincoln’s assassination on April 15. Almost certainly, Nick stayed in Washington to participate in this patriotic exercise of such great importance to the postwar nation.

The newlyweds sailed for Europe that summer, but there are few details of their itinerary. They certainly visited Italy and France and likely England, Germany, and Switzerland. Nick knew Germany well from his student days and also had a special fondness for Lucerne. This was his bride’s first trip outside the United States, and Nick wanted to show her the world.

In the spring of 1866, instead of returning to the United States after their year abroad, they rented an apartment at 68 (now 38), rue Marbeuf in Paris, just off the Champs-Elysées, in one of the chic new neighborhoods built by Baron George Haussmann.¹⁷ Elizabeth was five months pregnant. Rather than risk a treacherous journey across the Atlantic, they settled in Paris—then as now a city with excellent medical services.

Elizabeth gave birth to Larz Kilgour Anderson in their apartment on August 15, 1866. A month later, Nick went to make a consular report of his son’s birth. Nick was no stranger to the staff of the American legation in Paris, and the newlyweds’ sojourn in Paris and the birth of their son attracted more than passing attention from two of the legation’s most prominent members. When Nick registered his son’s birth at the legation on September 20, 1866, John G. Nicolay, a man who had been one of President Abraham Lincoln’s most trusted confidants, made it official that Larz Kilgour Anderson, born in the Empire of France, was a US citizen.¹⁸

In mid-March 1865, a week after his second inauguration, President Lincoln appointed his two private secretaries from the war years, John Nicolay and John Hay, to diplomatic posts in Paris—Nicolay as US consul and Hay as legation secretary. Nicolay left almost immediately for Paris, while Hay stayed behind in Washington to assist the president in transitioning his administration to the nation’s new, postwar realities. On the night of Lincoln’s assassination, Hay and the president’s son, Robert Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), were at the White House. They were together called to the president’s bedside and were present when he died the next morning.¹⁹ Nick was a close friend of Robert Lincoln, one of his Harvard classmates, and their ensuing lifelong friendship eventually played a role in the fortunes of Nick’s boy.

In early fall, Larz was baptized in the American Protestant Episcopal Church of the Holy Trinity in Paris, then located on rue Bayard, that is now the American Cathedral in Paris, on avenue George-V. The Reverend William O. Lamson, a native of New York City who had been in Paris since 1858, performed the ceremony.²⁰ Larz Anderson I sponsored his namesake at the baptismal ceremony and was thus both grandfather and godfather to the boy. Although her name does not appear in the cathedral’s record of the baptism, Nick and Elizabeth asked Mrs. Ellen Frances Howard Evans to be Larz’s godmother.²¹

Mrs. Evans was one of the city’s most prominent expatriate American women of her day. She and her husband, Dr. Theodore Sewall Evans, a dentist, had lived in Paris since the early 1860s. Theodore’s brother, Dr. Thomas Wiltberger Evans, was the renowned dentist to Emperor Napoleon III and his wife, Empress Eugénie, during their reign from 1852 to 1870.²² Mrs. Evans, who outlived her husband and brother-in-law, remained a fixture of the Anglo-American community in Paris until her death in 1914.

When Larz was three months old and safely baptized, the young family left France. They sailed from Le Havre to Southampton and then on to New York aboard the Cunard Line’s RMS Persia, a paddle wheel steamship famous for crossing the Atlantic in under ten days. A French nurse, Josephine Gobat, accompanied them. By the time Nick and Elizabeth returned to the United States, they had been abroad for eighteen months and were no longer honeymooners. Nick was now a family man. Finding a job and making a home were his priorities.

A Childhood at Home and Abroad

The Civil War had interrupted Nick’s law studies, so he was insufficiently prepared for admittance to the bar, but there was no time to return to his law studies now. He had a family to support. Shortly after their return to Cincinnati from France, Nick went to work as a manager in the central office of the Little Miami Railroad, which operated routes linking the Ohio cities of Cincinnati, Columbus, Dayton, and Springfield to Richmond, Indiana.²³ Larz I and his brother-in-law, Charles Kilgour, served on the railroad’s board of directors in the early 1860s, and either was an obvious broker for Nick’s job.

Nick and Elizabeth settled into a home in the center of Cincinnati, at 120 East Fourth Street, a plain townhouse built in the 1840s.²⁴ Life was comfortable for them, especially with the help of four live-in Irish servants. Nick traveled for work and was away for days or weeks at a time. He wrote often to his bride and was never shy to express his love. I did not nearly tell you yesterday in my letter from Louisville how much I loved you, nor do I deem it possible so to do, he wrote in April 1867. I am often astonished myself at the depth and strength of my affection.²⁵

Soon the family grew. In January 1868, Elizabeth gave birth to their second child, Carl Kilgour Anderson. Carl did not survive early infancy. In August that year, while on seaside vacation at Long Branch, New Jersey, eight-month-old Carl died of what his burial record called convulsions—likely infantile febrile seizures. The popular treatment of the day was to wrap a convulsive child in blankets and let him or her sweat it out, a cure that probably killed the toddler. Heartbroken, the Andersons traveled back to Cincinnati, where they buried Carl three days later in a grave near the Longworth family plot. The couple waited five years before having another child.

Despite what were likely modest earnings from the railroad job, the Anderson family lived well. The 1870 census recorded Nick and Elizabeth’s net worth at $250,000, split equally between real estate and personal property. Their neighbors on either side, the wealthy pork merchants William Davis and Gardner Phipps, were each worth double that. Nick’s parents were still alive, and he had not yet received an inheritance from them, so the marital assets had come primarily from Elizabeth’s inheritance.

Nick and Elizabeth quickly joined the city’s elite social and cultural scene. In 1874, Nick served on the Special Committee on Life-Saving Apparatus commissioned to demonstrate boat rescue equipment imported from England for exhibition at the Fifth Cincinnati Industrial Exposition.²⁶ He bid on and won a stall for a costume ball at Pike’s Music Hall to raise money for charity.²⁷ When Christ Church in downtown Cincinnati