In His Name: Volume Iii
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The Word is whatever the Christian Church says it is and when Vatican archivists came across genuine copies of the Church Fathers, they corrected [edited, added, abridged, condensed, and supplemented] them according to the Expurgatory Index (Index Expurgatorius Vaticanus, R. Gibbings, ed., Dublin, 1837; The Literary Policy of the Church of Rome, Joseph Mendham, J. Duncan, London, 1830, 2nd ed., 1840; The Vatican Censors, op. cit., p. 328).
But throughout history, few but the great thinkers of society understood this symbiotic relationship of politics and religion, and those who spoke out became stigmatized by both the powerful priesthood and the ruling oligarchy. You sniveling priest, you are imposing delusions upon society for your own aggrandizement (Voltaire, French philosopher, rationalist, free thinker).
________________________________________
All developed societies are but an extension of the political views of the ruling oligarchy upon the many, the suffering poor. If every criminal and inhumane act ever committed were traced to its root cause, that root would be buried deep in religion (Sherry Matulis, activist, 1931).
________________________________________
The most infamous Catholic of the all time, one of historys great mass murderers, Hitler, realizes the symbiotic relationship between children and religion and puts it succinctly in the twentieth century: The state must declare the child to be the most precious treasure of the people. As long as the government is perceived as working for the benefit of the children, the people will happily endure almost any curtailment of liberty and almost any deprivation (Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf).
E Christopher Reyes
Surviving Polio at age 3 1/2, then cancer, followed by back surgery, Ed Reyes is a survivor. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California and a graduate of Citrus College, Azusa, California, and California Polytechnic University, Pomona, majoring in Management, Behavioral Science, and Criminal Justice.
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In His Name - E Christopher Reyes
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Bible Citations
KJV
Scripture quotations marked KJV are from the Holy Bible, King James Version (Authorized Version). First published in 1611. Quoted from the KJV Classic Reference Bible, Copyright © 1983 by The Zondervan Corporation.
NKJV
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Contents
Introduction: Beginnings of Christianity
The Bible [a brief history]: Who initiated the writing of the Bible
The Pagans: Their beliefs and adaptations by Christianity
The Church: Early disagreements by the Bishops as to what should be included
Tithes: What tithes are for
Fear: How the Church controlled its flock
Sex and the Church
Purgatory: Its roots and reason for
God: Ethnic and ancient cultural reflections
Conclusion: What it’s all about
The various religions are like different roads converging on the same point. What difference does it make if we follow different routes, provided we arrive at the same destination?
~Mahatma Ghandi, free thinker, Pacifist.
Dedicated To Seyounk and his little brother Donovan.
May the Truth guide their way.
Introduction
Few Christian people can discuss religious topics, especially their own faith, without becoming emotionally involved, because few have read their Bible, and fewer yet know the history of the ancient religions of the time and their significant influence upon Christianity.
In order to understand the Bible, one must know the history and culture of the people who contributed to it, and one of the biggest contributors is the people and culture of Greece; a Pagan [polytheistic] people who believed in many Gods, a simple people who accepted many Gods, a people who worshiped religious icons and statuary in an effort to explain nature, and the unnatural phenomenon around them, a people who gave their Gods human-like attributes, which are later adopted by the Christians.
The Greeks prayed to their Gods to gain favor with them regarding impending battles, for success in political elections, and for family health. Theirs was a tolerant society in which man lived peaceably with God and with nature.
Through the various Gods, the priesthood sought to control society, and through the Gods, the priesthood sought to reside in an affluent life, which afforded them a more leisure existence. With the invention of Gods, Gods, which encompassed the moods, attitudes, and whims of the everyday mundane life of mankind, the priesthood collaborated with the rulers to insure that the people will obey and keep the laws presented by their imperious rulers. Hence Religion is a means of maintaining peace within a structured society.
The ancient Greeks understood the often-argued dilemma of man’s politics and religion, A tyrant must put on the appearance of uncommon devotion to religion. Subjects are less apprehensive of illegal treatment from a ruler whom they consider God-fearing and pious. On the other hand, they do less easily move against him, believing that he has the Gods on his side.
~Aristotle, ancient Greek philosopher.
When the Roman Emperor Constantine decided his Empire needed a new God, one that would comprise all the numerous Pagan Gods into one, one that could united the various cultures into one unified and distinct faith, the Bishops, in 325, Council of Nicaea, literally sat down and considered the most prevalent Gods that the largest provinces believed in. Hesus, Krishna, Baal, Horus, Jove, Jupiter, Salenus, Thor, Gade, Apollo, Juno, Aries, Taurus, Minerva, Rhets, Mithra, Theo, Fragapatti, Atys, Durga, Indra, Neptune, Vulcan, Kriste, Agni, Croesus, Pelides, Huit, Hermes, Thulis, Thammus, Eguptus, Iao, Aph, Saturn, Gitchens, Minos, Maximo, Hecla and Phernes, Apollo and Zeus.
~Tony Bushby, http://www.joshuabooks.com. Cf. Deuteronomy 32:16-20, Jeremiah 8:8.
How can you say, ‘We are wise, since we have Yahweh’s Law?’ Look how it has been falsified by the lying pen of the scribes!
~Old Testament, Jeremiah 8:8, New Jerusalem Bible [NJB] R.C. scholarly translation, 1985.
The founding American fathers knew, first hand, the wickedness, the veiled secrets of humanity that sought to encumber man, which could permeate from religious zealots and sought to hinder the rights of man rather than embrace; the ostentatious lives of the priesthood and their rampant liberties limited their congregation’s freedom of both rights and independence; this is the power, which our founding fathers sought to curb, Hath your property been destroyed before your face? Are your wife and children destitute of a bed to lie on, or bread to live on? Have you lost a parent or a child by their hands, and yourself the ruined and wretched survivor? If you have not, then are you not a judge of those who have. But if you have, and can still shake hands with the murderers, then are you unworthy the name of husband, father, friend, or lover, and whatever may be your rank or title in life, you have the heart of a coward, and the spirit of a sycophant.
~By Thomas Paine, American Revolution patriot, free thinker.
Today, almost all the major Christian sects tell their followers what they can or cannot read. The Truth could be disastrous to their faith. In 1562, the Vatican established a special censoring office called Index Expurgatorius, whose sole purpose was to prohibit the publication of Erroneous passages of the early Church Fathers,
which carried statements opposing their modern-day dogma.
The Word
is whatever the Church says it is, and when Vatican archivists came across, "Genuine copies of the Church Fathers, they corrected [edited, added, abridged, condensed, and supplemented] them according to the Expurgatory Index." ~Index Expurgatorius Vaticanus, R. Gibbings, ed., Dublin, 1837; The Literary Policy of the Church of Rome, Joseph Mendham, J. Duncan, London, 1830, 2nd ed., 1840; The Vatican Censors, op. cit., p. 328.
But, throughout history few, but the great thinkers of society understood this symbiotic relationship of politics and religion, and those who spoke out became stigmatized by both the powerful priesthood and the ruling oligarchy, You sniveling priest, you are imposing delusions upon society for your own aggrandizement.
~Voltaire, French philosopher, rationalist, free thinker.
All developed societies are but an extension of the political views of the ruling oligarchy upon the many, the suffering poor, If every criminal and inhumane act ever committed were traced to its root cause, that root would be buried deep in religion.
~Sherry Matulis, Activist, 1931.
The most infamous Catholic of the all time, one of history’s great mass murderers, Hitler, realizes the symbiotic relationship between children and religion, and puts it succinctly in the 20th century, The state must declare the child to be the most precious treasure of the people. As long as the government is perceived as working for the benefit of the children, the people will happily endure almost any curtailment of liberty and almost any deprivation.
~Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.
The Christian Fathers will claim the ‘Right of the Sword,’ which means that they have the God-Given right to forfeit a man’s life, a right, which we now bestow only upon the judicial court system, after due process, but the self-righteous Church claims to answer to no one but God, and after two millenniums no one yet knows the number of lives sacrificed in the name of their God, their so-called Peace Loving Savior, "Since the rise of Popery 50,000,000 people had been put to death in various ways for their religion by the end of the 19th century." ~Professor Arthur Noble. Cf. Matthew 10:34.
Since the Church claims that the choice of every Pope is guided by the Holy Spirit, and Divine Intervention, then, why do we have unrestrained criminal activities with the Mafia, pedophilia, theft, and blatant pilfering from Church funds? Either directly or indirectly, even into the 21st century, the Church has committed monstrous acts, but more ha s also effectively committed crimes by bribery, and investments in armies, warships, torture, and international weaponry; does the power of the Papacy rest solely upon the Right of the sword?
~Bull Unam Sanctam, Pope Boniface VIII, 18 November 1302; overview in Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. xv, p. 126), which the Roman Catholic Church emphatically claims today in its esoteric Code of Canon Law. Cf. Luke 22:36.
Calling someone a liar is a hideous act, but creating a faith, a single belief, which all must follow, was the brain child of Emperor Constantine, who sought to unify his failing Roman Empire, and the Roman Catholic Church readily accepted this task, and now even admits to the blatant forgery of the Holy Scriptures, which the Christian ministry proudly extols every Sun Day. Lies meant to unify an Empire, and now used to disgrace the image of Bod by using funds to increase personal wealth, and not help the poor. ~The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 6, page 136.
Printer’s error of 1653 translation, Know ye not that the unrighteous shall inherit the Kingdom of God?
~Known as the Wicked Bible, London, 1653, makes Paul ask, I Corinthians 6:9
The Bible [a brief history]
We should remember that the Bible was not written all at once, or even by one man; it was written over a period of many years, and 1500 years elapsed between the writing of Genesis, the first Book of the Old Testament, alleged to have been written by Moses, and the Apocalypse or Revelation, said to have been written by Saint John. ~Note: Gospel writers such as Marcion, Valentinus, and many other copyists are unknown to most Christians.
Many Christians would be appalled to learn that most of their Bible was written by Marcion [an anti-Semitic, 140 C.E.], Valentenius [Gnostic], Firmicus [Pagan astrologer], Jerome [Catholic Saint who would lie for his faith and his Pope], Origen [a fanatical Christian later excommunicated], Elisseus [Book of Daniel], Aquila [became a Christian who later reverts to his Jewish faith], Lucian [Deacon of Antioch], Hesychius, Symmachus [who wrote the most elegant of the Greek versions], Theodotion [Book of Daniel, Samuel, and Jeremiah], Pamphilus, Tetrapla, Eusebius [a Christian Bishop who forged many manuscripts], Bishop Papias [another Christian liar], and many other unknown authors [as many as 38 or more].
Who wrote the Gospels? Divine Origin? Were the Gospels truly Inspired by god or just plain greed? The Church now claims that, The titles of our Gospels were not intended to indicate authorship,
further adding that, "The headings . . . Were affixed to them." ~Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. I, p. 117, vol. VI, pp. 655, 656. Note: Lucian is known to have edited the Scriptures at Antioch, Catholic Encyclopedia, Spuriousness of Church Canon.
During the early eras of Christianity, many Christian sects fought for control, each with its own vendettas, each with its own renderings of what God should or should not be, and their anonymous authors had free license to write whatever they felt.
Biblical Revisionists knew that the Truth would not enhance their preaching and added, Do not allow anyone into your house who is not a fellow believer.
~II John 1:9-11.
Remember, Jesus is not worshiped as God until the Council of Nicaea in 325 C.E., until that time he was considered only as a Prophet. Emperors would direct that elaborate copies of the new faith be written, e.g., Emperor Constantine ordered his approved version, fifty copies, through Bishop Eusebius for the new churches of his capital, and for Constans Athanasius procured Copies of the Divine Writings,
one of which is preserved in the famous Codex Vaticanus.
For the personal Canon of Bishop Eusebius, he chose Lucian’s text for the fifty copies of the Bible, which he furnished to the Church of Constantinople at the order of his imperial patron Emperor Constantine; and he incorporated all the Catholic Epistles, but excluded the Apocalypse. Bishop Eusebius was the first to call attention to some very important variations in the text of the Gospels, viz., the presence of passages in some copies and the absence in others of the final paragraph of Mark, the passage of the Adulterous Woman, and the Bloody Sweat of Jesus. The Adulterous Woman
in John 7:53—8.11 did not appear in Latin Vulgate translations until about 1000 C.E., which disputed episode is known in Latin as the pericope de adultera [or pericope adulterae]. ~see Metzger, p 116.
This episode contains the paralyzing words, Let he who is without sin among you cast the first stone.
Similar to the words in Luke 23:34, which presumably was to counter the texts recommending a severe punishment for converts who become Christians and then commit serious sins. ~Cf. Matthew 12:32, 18:8, John 14:23 and 24, 1 Corinthians 5:7 and 16:22, 2 Corinthians 13:2, II Thessalonians 3: 6 and 14, Hebrews 6:4-6, 1 John 5:16 and 18, II John 9-11, and possibly the verses in the possibly forged Timothy 5:20-21.
Other royal persons also wrote them with their own hands, but even Saint Augustine has little respect for these early translators, Those who translated the Scriptures from Hebrew into Greek can be enumerated; but the Latin translators by no means. For in the early days of the faith when any one received a Greek manuscript into his hands and seemed to have ever so little facility in language, he dared to translate it.
~Saint Augustine, De doctrina Christiana, ii, 11. The Codex Vaticanus omits Geneses 1:1-46:28, Psalm 106-138, Matthew 16:2-3, Romans 16:24, I Timothy through Titus, the entire book of Revelation, and it conveniently ends the book of Hebrews at Hebrews 9:14.
Even these early quotations in the New Testament do not validate any definitive statements, except that they prove that already in those times the copies were not free from any textual corruption. ~Cf. Hebrews 3:9; 12:5.
You can’t say they didn’t tell you they were lying, "The name Gospel, as indicating a written account of Christ’s Words and deeds, has been, and still is, applied to a large number of narratives of Christ’s life, which circulated both before and after the composition of our Third Gospel [cf. Luke 1:1-4]. The titles of some fifty such works have come down to us . . . It is only, however, in connection with some twenty of these ‘Gospels’ that some information has been preserved . . . Most of them, as far as can be made out, are productions, the Apocryphal character of which is generally admitted by contemporary [i.e., present day] scholars. Naming first as Nos. 1-4 ‘The Canonical Gospels,’ now falsely labeled with the names of Saints Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, the twenty best known ones are listed as follows; viz: The Gospels According to the Hebrews; of Peter; According to the Egyptians; of Matthias; of Philip; of Thomas; the Proto-Evangelium of James, Gospel of Nicodemus [Acta Pilati]; of the Twelve Apostles; of Basilides; of Bishop Valentius; of Bishop Marcion; of Eve; of Judas; the Writing Genna Marias, and the Gospel Teleioseos." ~Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. vi, p. 656.
How can this be when Fundamentalist Baptists still claim that the Holy Bible is inerrant, without errors, the Word of God, and Divinely Inspired? The scribes of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke were profoundly dependent upon the Gospel According to Mark, which was ordered to be written by Bishop Eusebius in the 4th century, and, which later writings became the source and outline supporting their anthology [compilations] of their later fictitious works. In the older versions of Mark [1:9], Mark doesn’t even know of Mary, her virgin birth, or of any mass murders of baby boys by Herod, which would surely have been historically significant.
The 3rd century Christian Bishop Origen condemned Christians for Their depraved audacity
in changing the text and Bishop Jerome told Pope Damascus of the Numerous errors,
which had arisen in the texts through attempted harmonizing.
The Gospel of John, however, is independent of those forged writings, being wholly fabricated in the late-15th century to support the earlier forged Christian writings as being the truth. ~The Crucifixion of Truth, Tony Bushby, Joshua Books, 2004, pp. 33-40. cf. Sinai Bible.
Once the Bible was accepted as the one, and only Book, which was to be read by the Roman citizenry, Emperor Constantine ordered all other religious manuscripts destroyed. After years of research, I finally discovered that tiny morsel of evidence, which contradicts the Christian’s often cited pseudo-fact, that Constantine [Constantine, the King to the Bishops and nations everywhere] did not order the burning of Christian manuscripts.
In a Letter of Constantine, following one of his Councils [and also contrary to what the Christian ministry likes to say of Constantine never having destroyed any religious writings], we have a pompous Emperor declaring death to those who refuse to heed his will, Constantine the King to the Bishops and nations everywhere. Inasmuch as Arius imitates the evil and the wicked, it is right that, like them, he should be rebuked and rejected. As therefore Porphyry, who was an enemy of the fear of God, and wrote wicked and unlawful writings against the religion of Christians, found the reward, which befitted him, that he might be a reproach to all generations after, because he fully and insatiably used base fame; so that on this account his writings were righteously destroyed; thus also now it seems good that Arius and the holders of his opinion should all be called Porphyrians, that he may be named by the name of those whose evil ways he imitates. And not only this, but also that all the writings of Arius, wherever they be found, shall be delivered to be burned with fire, in order that not only his wicked and ‘Evil Doctrine’ may be destroyed, but also that the memory of himself and of his doctrine may be blotted out, that there may not by any means remain to him remembrance in the world. Now this also I ordain, that if any one shall be found secreting any writing composed by Arius, and shall not forthwith deliver up and burn it with fire, his punishment shall be death; for as soon as he is caught in this he shall suffer capital punishment by beheading without delay.
~Socrates, Scholasticus’ Ecclesiastical History, 1:9. A translation of a Syriac translation of this, written in 501C.E., is in B. H. Cowper’s, Syriac Miscellanies, Extracts From The Syriac Ms. No. 14528, in The British Museum, Lond. 1861, p. 6-7.
The truth must be contained, and so, in 1415 the Church of Rome takes another extraordinary step to destroy all knowledge of two ancient 2nd century Jewish books that it believed to contain the true name of Jesus Christ, their Lord And Savior. ~Oldest Bible, http://forums.catholic.com/showthread.php?t=219882
The Anti-Pope, Benedict XIII, is known to have singled out for condemnation [censure] a secret Latin treatise called the Mar Yesu,
and then issued instructions to destroy all copies of the Jewish Book of Elxai.
The Rabbinic fraternity once held these destroyed manuscripts with great reverence for they were comprehensive original records reporting the life of a Rabbi Jesus. Benedict XIII, 1394-1423 [Pedro de Luna, 1394-1417], gave a dispensation to the twenty-nine-year-old King Richard II of England to marry Isabella, the seven-year-old daughter of the King of France.
This the 15th century Catholic, Queen Isabella, banish the Jews from Spain, ban the Muslims, and provoke a Catholic based genocide across Latin America, as well as encourage torturing her fellow Spanish countrymen via the Catholic inspired Inquisition.
How do we know all of this? Knowledge of destroyed ancient Rabbinic writings survive from quotations made by Bishop Hippolytus of Rome, 176-236, and from the saved writings of St Epiphanius of Salamis, 315-403, along with references in earlier editions of the Talmud, of Palestine, and Babylonia.
What is the Christian Church trying to hide? In 1100 C.E., in an attempt to remove detrimental Rabbinic information about Jesus Christ from the face of the earth, the Catholic Inquisition burned 12,000 volumes of the Jewish Talmud. Pope Alexander VI, 1492-1503, Rodrigo Lanzol y Borgia, the Papal Playboy, orders all copies of the Jewish Talmud to be destroyed, and the Spanish Grand Inquisitor, Tomas de Torquemada, 1420-98, responsible for the elimination of 6,000 volumes at Salamanca alone.
The Catholic Solomon Romano, 1554, also burned thousands of Hebrew scrolls and, in 1559, every Hebrew book in the city of Prague was confiscated by order of the Pope. The mass destruction of Jewish books included hundreds of copies of the Old Testament and began the irretrievable loss of many ancient original handwritten documents, and in 1607, forty-seven men took two years and nine months to re-write the Christian New Testament and other aspects of the Bible to make it acceptable for printing.
The Church published Bishop Origen’s 3rd century translations, which were copied after wards, but with additional excerpts from the other versions in the margins; and, if it had been copied with all its critical marks, it would have been well, but later copyists abandoned these commentaries, completely and produced what we may call kryptohexaplaric manuscripts, completely spoiling by this flagrant carelessness the value of the Septuagint for significant/truthful purposes. Palestine will keep to the copies of Origen as published by Bishop Eusebius and Pamphilus. ~Præfatio in paralipomena; Adv. Rufinum, ii, 27. Note: the Septuagint version, we know was begun, if not completed, about 280 B.C.E.
Sad, but true. After years of authenticating the gross fabricated nature of the New Testament, a disillusioned author confesses that modern-day editions have, Been altered in many places,
and are Not to be accepted as true.
~When Were Our Gospels Written? Dr Constantin von Tischendorf, 1865, British Library, London.
What happened to Matthew, Mark, Luke and John? Most likely, non-existent. Furthermore, in 325 C.E., the Roman Emperor Constantine and the Catholic Bishops at the Council of Nicaea, 325 C.E., oversaw the destruction of Sacred Books that had been declared heretical by the Pagan Emperor Constantine, the Sun worshiper [Sol Invictus, hence Sun Day].
Inerrancy?
When discussing the origin of the early Christian writings, The most distinguished body of academic opinion ever assembled,
The Catholic Encyclopedias, Preface admits that the Gospels, "Do not go back to the 1st century of the Christian era." ~Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. VI, p. 137, pp. 655-6.
Not only are the Gospels not original, they are also merely copies of copies of copies, edited, rewritten, altered, abridged, condensed, forged, and extended to the point that no one knows what the original documents said. In Deuteronomy 31:17, we already have at least eight variant readings; and in the New Testament, for Luke 24:4-5, at least twenty-seven variant readings, as a concerned Bishop Jerome says, As many readings as copies,
and these readings are not merely different renderings of an identical Greek text, but correspond to various Greek readings, a fact which seems to demonstrate clearly the existence of dissimilar Scriptural translations.
The Church is quite aware of the Biblical differences and also divulges its knowledge about exclusions in old Bibles, saying, The remark has long ago and often been made that, like Paul, even the earliest Gospels knew nothing of the miraculous birth of our Savior.
~Encyclopaedia Biblica, Adam & Charles Black, London, 1899, vol. iii, p. 3344.
The domicile of this corrupted Bible is not to be sought after in Rome, where Greek was the language of the infant Christian Church and its literature, but most likely in Africa. Many of the linguistic peculiarities ascribed to Africa are shared by the lingua rustica in other parts of the Latin world, and it has become traditional to distinguish an African and a European branch of the Latin Bible; nevertheless the origin of this whole literature seems to have been in Africa. ~Saint Augustine, an African Christian in De doctrina Christiana, ii, 14-15.
It was these men who decided, under the auspices of a Pagan Emperor, which documents would be considered Holy Scripture and included in the Christian version of the Bible, which was also the subject of much heated debate; was Jesus a prophet or a God? What would be considered a miracle? Is the Book, to be included, believable by the masses?
One of man’s earliest written erotica is from the Sumerian Dumuzi, who is the Fertility God [about 5500 years ago], where the king says, Great Lady, the king will plow your vulva, I, Dumuzi the King, will plow your vulva Inanna accepts him saying, ‘Then plow my vulva, man of my heart Plow my vulva.’ Then follows more details of the happenings my eager impetuous caresser of the navel, my caresser of the soft thighs; ‘He is the one my womb loves best; my high priest is ready for the Holy loins. My lord Dumuzi is ready for the Holy loins. The plants and herbs in his field are ripe. O Dumuzi, Your fullness is my delight.’ The high priestess then directs things to be readied Inanna called for the bed. ‘Let the bed that rejoices the heart be prepared Let the bed that sweetens the loins be prepared Let the bed of kingship be prepared! Let the bed of queen-ship be prepared! Let the royal bed be prepared!’
~A Brief History of Religious Sex: Goddesses of Pagan Myth Resources by Sabrina Aset and W. Tracy.
Eventually, a consensus gradually emerges during the 4th and early 5th centuries, which will change Christianity, forever. Saint Jerome’s statement in his prefatory letter [Latin Vulgate Version], that he changed as little as possible is probably true; for his words point out that the Gospels came from diverse translators. But, Jerome added the tale of the Virgin Birth, and the Trinity, along with a few other tid bits to enhance the narratives on Jesus. And in the Middle Ages, yet another set of corrections are infused. In the Middle Ages, a book containing a set of variant readings for ‘Correcting’ the corrupted text of the Latin Vulgate Bible.
~Livingstone p 132 a.
Saint Augustine writes to Jerome of his Gospel: We give no small thanks to God for your work in which you have interpreted the Gospel from the Greek.
Jerome responds to Augustine, If, as you say, you suspect me of amending the New Testament;
and in 398 Saint Jerome writes to Lucinius Beticus, to whom he sent the first copy, The New Testament I have restored to the authoritative form of the Greek.
~Saint Jerome, Epist., lxxi, 5, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, vi, 154.
The New Testament I have restored to the true Greek form, the Old I have rendered from the Hebrew.
~Saint Jerome, De vir. ill.
However, Saint Jerome commits one of the greatest errors of all time because he is not as knowledgeable in Hebrew as many Christian authors make him out to be and Jerome erroneously translates the Hebrew word for ‘Virgin,’ untouched, instead of ‘Virgin,’ a young [teenage] girl, who may or may not be a virgin.
The Hebrew word for virgin is ‘Betulah,’ that word is used, for instance, when the Holy Torah speaks about Rebecca in Genesis 24:16, ". . . .A Virgin, neither had any man known her." Women did not hold a high place of honor among the Hebrews, and the most important daily prayer uttered by a pious Israelite is, Blessed art thou, O Lord Our God, King of the Universe, who hast not made me a woman.
In the oldest Bible, the Sinai Bible there never was any virgin birth mentioned, which is quite apparent that when Bishop Eusebius assembled his scribes to write the New Testimonies, he first produced a single document [Gospel According to Mark] that provided an exemplar or master version to be copied, which, for all intents and purposes was later destroyed. The Church claims that Mark was The first Gospel written,
even though it now appears in second place in the New Testament today.
The zealous scribes of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke were wholly dependent upon the Markan Gospel writing as the source and framework for the compilation of their faked and revised works. ~Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. VI, p. 657.
Mark starts out with Jesus At the age of thirty,
Mark 1:9, but doesn’t reveal any knowledge of Mary’s virgin birth or of any mass murders of baby boys by King Herod, or Jesus being The Son of God,
which would have been significant historical events to say the least. ~Mark 1:1 is missing in the older Bibles.
Knowing that Jerome errored in his translation of Hebrew Scripture, and the Hebrew Matthew contained no virgin birth, Pope Damasus, 384 C.E. is still greatly impressed with Bishop Jerome’s tarnished Biblical version, the Vulgate, and does nothing to correct it, but, Jerome is criticized by many of his contemporaries for his ‘Virgin’ birth falsification, and Saint Jerome reluctantly replies to one of his critics, Juvianus: I know that the Jews are accustomed to meet us with the objection that in Hebrew the word ‘Almah’ does not mean a virgin, but a young woman. And, to speak truth, a virgin is properly called ‘Bethulah,’ but a young woman, or a girl, is not ‘Almah,’ but ‘Naarah!’
~Saint Jerome, Adv. Javianum I, 32; Nicene & Pre-Nicene Fathers, vi, 370.
Years later, in Palestine, Jerome will also revise Psalms [as well as Job], for a second time, making use of the critical marks of Origen, the obelus and asterisk. This revision is known as the Gallican Psalter, as it was first used chiefly in Gaul [France]. Jerome will revise, in 394 Esdras; 396 Chronicles; 398 Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon; 401(?) Genesis followed by Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy in 405 Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Esther, Tobit, Judith, and the Apocryphal parts of Daniel, and Esther.
Jerome will leave Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Maccabees, and Baruch without further revision. Rufinus, Jerome’s friend, writes, So great is the force of established usage,
and Jerome, knowing of the numerous translation errors responds, "That even acknowledged corruptions [of text] please the greater part, for they prefer to have their copies pretty rather than correct." Jerome knows, That they attack it in public and read it in secret.
~Source unknown.
The Holy Mother, the Church, will periodically reinforce their incorrect Biblical version, "Of all Latin editions the old and Vulgate [Vulgata] edition be held as authoritative in public lectures, disputations, sermons, and expositions; and that no one is to dare or presume under any pretext to reject it." ~Fourth session, April 8, 1546, the Council of Trent.
This council will also decree, at the same time that, This same old and Vulgate edition be printed in as correct form as possible,
but it does not appear that any conclusive steps were ever taken to entrust a special person or body with this task. Pope Sixtus declares the Vulgate edition, True, lawful, authentic, and not to be questioned in disputations, either public or private.
It was not long before the Western Christians realized through a renewed interest in their Greek Bible, that the teachings of their Christian Church were not companionable with the Bible of the Eastern Empire; there was a great deal of restlessness as members of the Church hierarchy were using their interpretations of Christianity to amass great wealth while ignoring its Sacred moral teachings, which will one day lead to the Protestant Reformation, and a period of deplorable violence between Christians. So, is the Bible inerrant? I don’t’ think so. For the Roman Emperor had to choose between a pacifist, vegetarian Christian faith and a religion that could defend his Empire and be accepted by the carnivorous masses. ~http://www.newscientist.com.
Recently, an institute in Germany has unearthed a copy of a Nazi Bible ordered by Adolf Hitler to replace the Old and New Testaments, which is expunged of all references to Jews [something Bishop Marcion attempted to do while rewriting Scripture in the 2nd century]. After the references to Jews had been taken out, the Bible had some 50 pages less than a regular Bible.
The idea was to Nazify
the Christian Churches, beginning with the rewriting of the Bible, as we know it. Human kindness and the moral compass as set by the Bible were laughable to them,
said Ulrich Messner, a Nazi expert. ~Hitler Rewrites The Bible, 2008, The Baptist Bulletin.
Hitler’s Catholic upbringing influences other Christian writers who also added two commandments to the Ten Commandments: Honor your Fuhrer and Master,
and Keep the blood pure and your honor Holy.
Hitler’s team also worked on a Nazified hymnal to win over the naïve general population.
If you repeat a lie often enough, people will believe it.
~Joseph Goebbels, Catholic Nazi minion of Adolf Hitler.
Many Christian groups still claim that men inspired by God wrote their Bible, although, to this day, no one knows who wrote it. By the 4th century, many versions of the Bible were circulated, Custom now holds to the version, which is called the Septuagint.
~Saint Augustine, De civitate Dei, xviii, 42.
Torn between magic and gullibility, many of the early Jews were also skeptics, The Jews did not believe in Moses, our teacher, because of the Miracles he performed. Whenever anyone’s belief is based on seeing Miracles, he has lingering doubts, because it is possible the Miracles were performed through Magic or Sorcery. All of the Miracles performed by Moses in the desert were because they were necessary, and not as proof of his Prophecy.
~Maimonides, Foundations of Torah, ch. 8.
And, the Christian Great Apocalypse is neither Christian nor new, as many of the Bibles spouting Christian ministry would have you believe, The world shall be despoiled of beauty, through the destruction of men. For the human race will be so consumed, that scarcely the tenth part of men will be left; and from whence a thousand had gone forth, scarcely a hundred will go forth. Of the worshipers of God also, two parts will perish; and the third part, which shall have been proved, will remain.
~Verses of the Sibyl, Cumaean Sibyl: Desdemona by Norma Goodrich Lorre, and found in the writings of Pausanias, Plutarch, Livy, and in other ancient Greek and Latin authors.
By claiming Scriptural words to be Divinely Inspired, the populace is powerless to challenge the priest craft; to do so one would also have to also go against the Emperor, as well as the Church, The Bible must be the invention either of good men or Angels, bad men or Devils, or of God. However, it was not written by good men, because good men would not tell lies by saying ‘Thus saith the Lord;’ it was not written by bad men because they would not write about doing good duty, while condemning sin, and themselves to Hell; thus, it must be written by Divine Inspiration.
~Charles Wesley, McDowell, Evidence That Demands a Verdict, 1990:178.
Lies, lies, lies! And, more lies! "Because of this; I’ll give their wives to other men, and their fields to their heirs. For from the small to the great, they’ve loved and chased after money . . . And from prophet to priest all have told lies!" ~Jeremiah 8:8-10, Septuagint.
Numerous manuscripts circulated about the Empire, with various sects claiming true knowledge of the Mysteries and Scripture, and the manuscripts of the New Testament, but what Origen says holds fixed also of those of the Old Testament, Now it is clear that there has come a great difference in copies, either through the laziness of scribes or from the audacity of those who introduced corruptions as amendments, or of others who took away from or added to their new text such things as seemed good to them.
~Origen, 3rd century.
Finally, through the efforts of Origen and Hexapla, a systematic comparison of the Septuagint with the Hebrew Scriptural versions was accomplished and what appeared to Origen a safeguard, against the calamity that threatened the text turned out, not by his blunder, but through later ignorance and carelessness, the worst aggravation of it… Origen goes on to say that through the guidance of God he found a way to correct the dissonance in the extant copies.
The Moses Myth
How could Moses have written Exodus? Was it Moses, in Exodus, who also wrote of his own funeral? It is true that the Pentateuch, so long attributed to Moses, is now held by the vast majority of non-Catholic, and by an increasing number of Catholic, scholars to be a compilation of four independent sources put together in final shape soon after the Captivity.
~Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. I, pg. 622.
Hellenism [Greek culture] slowly creeped into Christianity, "The Hegelian principle of evolution . . . Applied to religion, has powerfully helped to beget a tendency to regard the religion of Israel as evolved by processes not transcending nature, from a polytheistic worship [the Greeks worshiped many Gods] of the elements to a spiritual and ethical monotheism." ~Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. I, pg. 493.
Scriptures changed history; they changed the people who lived in those times; their lliving situation, and their so-called miracles. Christian apologists for centuries have attempted to prove that the Bible is inerrant, without errors, but to no avail, so, in the 20th century we now have the Bible Commission, which on June 23, 1905, states, Can it be accepted as a principle of sound interpretation that holds that some books of Scripture that are considered as historical-partly or totally do not, at times, give history strictly and objectively so called, but instead, have just the ‘Appearance of History,’ so as to convey something other than a strict literal or historical sense of the words?
~Encyclopedia Britannica, 161.
History is created, like many other fictional stories to enhance the narrations of the saints to improve the Christian world iimage. So, of course, the answer is an unequivocal No!
as to is Biblical true, ". . . .Except in the case in which the sense of the Church does not oppose it, and subject to the judgment of the Church, it is proved by solid arguments and the sacred writer ‘Did Not Intend To Hand Down True History.’ But, under the appearance and form of history the author gave a parable, an allegory, or a sense differing from the properly literal or historical sense of the words." ~Ibid.
Christianity claims that Judas was paid pieces of silver for betraying Jesus, an obvious insertion into the Gospels of a later period. According to Matthew 26:15, the chief priests Weighed out thirty pieces of silver
to give to Judas, but, there are two things wrong with this:
120245.png There were no Pieces of silver
used as currency in Jesus’ time as they had already gone out of circulation about 300 years before.
120245.png In Jesus’ time, minted coins were used, thus, which currency was not Weighed out.
What have the Greeks to do with Scripture? The Christian Church will confirm that Biblical history is an adaptation of old Greek mythology and erroneous, "We must specially deplore a certain excessively free way of interpreting the historical Books of the Old Testament . . . The first eleven chapters of Genesis, even though they do not fully match the pattern of historical composition used by the great Greek and Latin writers of history, or by modern historians, yet in a certain true sense, which needs further investigation by scholars, do pertain to the genre of history." ~Pope Pius XII, Humani Generis, DS 3898.
Finally, the truth ventures forth quietly, "The Biblical Commission calmly and frankly admitted that what is contained in the Gospels . . . Is not the record of the Words and Deeds of Jesus in the first stage of the tradition." ~Joseph Fitzmyer, A Christological Catechism. New Testament Answers, Paulist, N.Y., 1982, p. 128.
This statement conflicts egregiously with priesthood assertions that the earliest Gospels were progressively written during the decades following the death of the Gospel Jesus Christ. Scriptures, as we know them today, were derived from ancient writings, and modified to include the developing Christian community. In a remarkable aside, the Catholic Church further admits that, "The earliest of the extant manuscripts [of the New Testament], it is true, do not date back beyond the middle of the 4th century AD." ~Catholic Encyclopedia, op. cit., pp. 656-7.
Why no Gospels until the 4th century? There is a reason why there were no New Testaments until the 4th century: they were not yet written, and here we find further evidence of one of the greatest misrepresentations of all time. It was British-born Flavius Constantinus. Constantine’s chief problems were the uncontrollable disorder amongst presbyters as well as their belief in numerous Gods [himself included].
Most modern-day Christian writers suppress the truth about the development of their religion and conceal Constantine’s efforts to curb the disreputable character of the presbyters who are now called, with reverance, the, Church Fathers.
~Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. xiv, pp. 370-1. Constantine, originally Custennyn or Custennin, 272-337 C.E., authorized the compilation of the writings now called the New Testament.
These Maddened,
Church Fathers are described in Bishop Eusebius’ Life of Constantine. The Church Fathers recognized the gross proclivity [inclination] to lie abundantly to the simple-minded flock and are reluctantly compelled to say, Whoever saw so impudent a man? What shall I say to this fellow? Fie for shame man, a minister of fables, a minister of lies! Foolish ignorance, shameless malice, so ignorant, so witless, lewd wretches, Jewish, heathenish, shameless, blasphemous villains, false ministers, false harlots, ye lie falsely, yea, ye lie for advantage, ye are impudent liars, lewd liars, heaps of lies, nothing but lies, and all is lies
~Harding, Defens. Apol.cf. Jeremiah 48:10. Bishop Eusebius Pamphilius of Caesarea, c. 335, vol. iii, p. 171; The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, cited as Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, attributed to Saint [Bishop] Ambrose, Rev. Prof. Roberts, DD, and Principal James Donaldson, LLD, editors, 1891, vol. iv, p. 467.
This Peculiar type of oratory
expounded by them was a challenge to a settled religious order. ~The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Religion, Literature and Art, Oskar Seyffert, Gramercy, New York, 1995, pp. 544-5.
Does God ordain clergymen? The early Gnostics claimed to practice rites handed down to them by God through early Disciples, which the Church Fathers could not argue with, and therefore would later claim to have their own direct descendents though Saint Peter, the alleged favorite apostle of Jesus. But, other Christian groups will claim other leaders, such as Paul, James, etc.
What we have is twelve apostles and twelve different sets of teachings of what their Savior allegedly said. So there can be only one ostensible True Church,
the others must be eradicated, which is what the next thousand years of Christianity will focus on. Total annihilation, and not love or forgiveness.
Total obliteration, and not true worship or mercy. Total destruction, and not adoration, and absolution. The self-appointed Church leaders, through majority rulings, that glorious formula of auto-sanctification will rewrite older Gospels to substantiate their contemporary views, "It seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us . . ." ~Acts, 15:28.
In reality, these early Church Fathers were not all educated, nor were they knowledgeable in any religion in particular, ". . . .The most rustic fellows, teaching strange paradoxes. They openly declared that none but the ignorant was fit to hear their discourses . . . They never appeared in the circles of the wiser and better sort, but always took care to intrude themselves among the ignorant and uncultured, rambling around to play tricks at fairs and markets . . . They lard their lean books with the fat of old fables . . . And still the less do they understand . . . And they write nonsense on vellum . . . And still be doing, never done." ~Bishop Origen, Contra Celsum [Against Celsus], Origen of Alexandria, c. 251, Bk I, p. lxvii, Bk III, p. xliv, passim.
They preached a new faith, they preached a new God, yet, none of Jesus’ so-called contemporaries wrote of Jesus [except for the fictitious writings of advocate Christians], "It is amazing that history has not embalmed for us even one certain or definite saying or circumstance in the life of the Savior of mankind . . . There is no statement in all history that says anyone saw Jesus or talked with him. Nothing in history is more astonishing than the silence of contemporary writers about events relayed in the four Gospels." ~Frederic W. Farrar, 1831-1903, Trinity College, Cambridge, The Life of Christ, Cassell, London, 1874.
120245.png Clusters of these alleged ignorant presbyters developed, Many Gods and many Lords.
~I Corinthians 8:5.
120245.png Presbyterial groups clashed violently over attributes of their various Gods and Altar was set against altar,
in competing for an appreciative audience. ~Optatus of Milevis, 1:15, 19, early 4th century.
120245.png And numerous religious sects existed, though not always peacefully, each with differing doctrines. ~Galatians 1:6.
The smooth generalization, which so many Christian historians are content to repeat, is that Constantine Embraced the Christian religion,
and subsequently granted Official toleration,
which is Contrary to historical fact,
and should be erased from our religious literature forever. ~Catholic Encyclopedia, Pecci ed., vol. iii, p. 299, passim.
There were, as yet, no Gospels, no Christian religion; there was no Christian religion at Constantine’s time, and the Catholic Church concedes that the fabricated tale of the Emperor’s Conversion,
and Baptism
are Entirely legendary.
~Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. xiv, pp. 370-1.
Emperor Constantine, the Roman half god, half man, Never acquired a solid theological knowledge,
granted numerous favors, and ranking positions to the leaders of the new faith, and, as such, Depended heavily on his advisers in religious questions.
~Catholic Encyclopedia, New Edition, vol. xii, p. 576, passim.
His Pagan advisers warned the Emperor that the presbyters’ religions were Destitute of foundation,
and needed official stabilization, and according to the sycophantic Bishop Eusebius, 260-339, Constantine also noted that among the presbyterian factions Strife had grown so serious, vigorous action was necessary to establish a more religious state,
but he could not bring about a settlement between rival God factions. ~Bishop Eusebius, Life of Constantine, op. cit., pp. 26-8.
Weary of the constant bickering, after conquering the East in 324 he sent his Spanish religious adviser, Osius of Córdoba, to Alexandria, Egypt, with letters to several Bishops exhorting them to make peace among themselves, or else. But, the mission failed and Constantine, in all probability, at the suggestion of Osius, then issued a royal decree commanding all the presbyters, and their subordinates, Be mounted on asses, mules and horses belonging to the public, and travel to the city of Nicaea
in the Roman province of Bithynia in Asia Minor, and brought with them, as instructed, the testimonies they orated to the rabble, Bound in leather
for protection during the long journey, and surrendered them to Constantine upon arrival in Nicaea.
Where did Christianity discover its fabulous tales of God and his miraculous wonders? In all, two thousand two hundred and thirty-one scrolls and legendary tales of Gods and Saviors, together with a record of the doctrines orated by them.
~Bishop Eusebius, Life of Constantine, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 73; Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, op. cit., vol. I, p. 518. The Catholic Dictionary, Addis and Arnold, 1917, Council of Nicaea entry.
From this gathering Christianity was born, and the various factions were made to concur with the Emperor regarding compromises at the time. About four years prior to chairing the Council, Constantine had been initiated into the religious order of Sol Invictus [the Unquerable Sun], one of the two thriving Pagan cults that regarded the Sun as the one and only Supreme God [the other was Mithraism], and he thus adopted Sun Day as the day of worship, which he then transferred to Christianity. There were no knowledgeable religious experts, trained presbyters, or ordained priests, and of these presbyters gathered at Nicaea, Sabinius, Bishop of Hereclea, who was in attendance, says, Excepting Constantine himself and Bishop Eusebius Pamphilius, they were a set of illiterate, simple creatures who understood nothing.
~Secrets of the Christian Fathers, Bishop J. W. Sergerus, 1685, 1897 reprint.
This is a rather luminous confession of the ignorance and uncritical credulity of the early Christian churchmen as Dr Richard Watson, 1737-1816, a disillusioned Christian historian and one-time Bishop of Llandaff in Wales, 1782, also referred to them as A set of gibbering idiots.
~An Apology for Christianity, 1776, 1796 reprint; also, Theological Tracts, Dr Richard Watson, On Councils, entry, vol. 2, London, 1786, revised reprint 1791.
These representatives of Christianity were not the brightest bunch to say the least, and The clergy at the Council of Nicaea were all under the power of the devil, and the convention was composed of the lowest rabble and patronized the vilest abominations.
~An Apology for Christianity, op. Cit.
No great thinkers, no scientific minds, no philosophers, even though the Greeks had already influenced Roman thinking, therefore the Christian Church must admit that vital elements of the proceedings at Nicaea [priceless records of events, which occurred] are Strangely absent from the canons.
~Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. iii, p. 160.
It was from this puerile, immature, assembly, and with so many Pagan cults represented, that a total of 318, Bishops, priests, deacons, sub deacons, acolytes and exorcists
gathered to debate and decide upon a new unified belief system that would encompass only one God. ~An Apology for Christianity, op. cit.
Who is to be the new God? Julius Caesar was deified by the Roman Senate after his death, 15 March 44 B.C.E., and subsequently venerated as The Divine Julius,
and the word "Savior" was also affixed to his name, its literal meaning being One who sows the seed,
i.e., which was a phallic God. Hail onto Caesar. Julius Caesar was hailed as, "God made manifest and Universal Savior of human life," and his successor Augustus was called the Ancestral God and Savior of the whole human race.
More recently, Emperor Nero, 54-68 C.E., whose original name was Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, 37-68, was also immortalized on Roman coins as the Savior of mankind.
~Man and his Gods, Homer Smith, Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1952.
Great men have great words said over them; such as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Krishna, Ixtilxochit, Quetzalcoatl, Romulus, Plato, and Prometheus; when they died the skies darkened. ~Cf. Matthew 27:51-53, and John 1:14, 15:15.
Each religious faction fought for his God, and throughout the Nicene meeting, howling factions, East vs. West, were immersed in numerous heated debates as the names of Fifty-three Gods were at last tabled for discussion, "As yet, no God had been selected by the council, and so they balloted in order to determine that matter . . . For one year and five months the balloting lasted . . ." ~God’s Book of Eskra, Prof. S. L. MacGuire’s translation, Salisbury, 1922, chapter xlviii, paragraphs 36, 41. A shortlist of five prospects: Caesar, Krishna, Mithra, Horus and Zeus developed. Bishop Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica, 325 C.E.
Constantine sat in as the Bishop of Bishops, and as the Pontifex Maximus, Constantine is Priest of Priests over all the Pagan faiths, and now sits in council as the first Catholic Pope. Constantine was attempting to emulate the Persian King Ardashir’s creation of the Iranian monotheism, with a total restructure of religious and other written records.
Constantine’s was the absolute ruling spirit at Nicaea and he ultimately decided upon a new God for them. To involve British factions, he ruled that the name of the great Druid God, Hesus, be joined with the Eastern Savior-God, Krishna [Krishna is Sanskrit for Christ], and thus Hesus Krishna would be the official name of the Empire’s new Roman God by a vote of 161 to 157. ~cf. Acta Concilii Nicaeni, 1618.
Unfortunately, because there was no letter J
in the Roman alphabets until around the 9th century, the name subsequently evolved into Jesus Christ.
Now the portion, which most Christians like to ignore; How the Gospels were formed.
The world was placed at his feet, volumes of religious texts made accessible as the half-god Roman Emperor Constantine ordered Bishop Eusebius, Search ye these books, and whatever is good in them, that retain, but whatsoever is evil, that cast away. What is good in one book, unite ye with that which is good in another book. And whatsoever is thus brought together shall be called ‘The Book of Books.’ And it shall be the doctrine of my people, which I will recommend unto all nations, that there shall be no more war for religions’ sake.
~God’s Book of Eskra, op. cit., chapter xlviii, paragraph 31.
Emperor Constantine was at once, ‘A priest, an atheist, and a God.’ Some added to it the dignity of amateur actor and gladiator on the stage. Domitian, even in his lifetime, caused himself to be called ‘Dominus et Deus noster,’ and whole herds of animals to be sacrificed to his gold and silver statues. It is impossible to imagine a greater public and official mockery of all religion." ~History of the Christian Church, chapter 8, by Philip Schaff circa 1858.
Truth was never a factor, nor was historical accuracy. Holy Scripture was intended to solidify the nation, to make one out of many. The Gospels were to intimidate, frighten, to entertain, to convert, Make them to astonish,
said Constantine, and The books were written accordingly.
~Bishop Eusebius, Life of Constantine, vol. iv, pp. 36-39.
Bishop Eusebius then amalgamated the Legendary tales of all the religious doctrines of the world together as one,
using the standard God-myths from the various presbyters’ manuscripts now modified as his exemplars, hence the similarities to numerous Pagan beliefs to form one new universal belief. Bishop Eusebius then arranged for scribes to produce [as ordered by Constantine], "Fifty sumptuous copies . . . To be written on parchment in a legible manner, and in a convenient portable form, by professional scribes thoroughly accomplished in their art . . . These orders," said Bishop Eusebius, "Were followed by the immediate execution of the work itself . . . We sent him [Constantine] magnificently and elaborately bound volumes of three-fold and four-fold forms." ~Bishop