The Perfect Being: Selections from the Classic Islamic Text
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About this ebook
Translated for the first time from the original Persian into English, these selected treatises from Aziz O-Din Nasafi's thirteenth-century work The Perfect Being provide a fascinating and rare, yet applicable, introduction to Sufism. The Perfect Being reads like a personal journal as well as a manual for those interested in Sufism. Its lucid exposition of the journey toward self-knowledge is both profound and eloquent, practical and transcendent. Presented here alongside a helpful introduction and explanatory notes to guide the reader, this book serves as a valuable introduction to classic Islamic texts.
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The Perfect Being - Aziz O-Din Nasafi
Praise for The Perfect Being
Mystics’ works and teachings are critical to the understanding of Persian history and culture. Aziz O-Din Nasafi’s writings offer insight into this often superficially understood facet of Persian arts and humanities. Dr. Amir Sabzevary has made the content of this valuable text accessible and enjoyable to read through his valuable translation and his in-depth contextual knowledge of the subject. While he prepares us to receive and experience the aesthetic complexities of Nasafi’s writings, Dr. Sabzevary encourages the reader to transcend the ‘intoxicating’ beauty of the writings to become aware of their transformative and inspirational potentials.
—Shadieh Mirmobiny, PhD, educator of art history and humanities, Folsom Lake College
"When life in the modern world appears to have lost meaning, decency, humility, and purpose, we can turn to sources of ancient wisdom for reassurance and direction. The Perfect Being points to the spiritual heart as a source of power, intelligence, and understanding. Those who understand the mystical way of life will be touched. Those who seek to understand will be encouraged and renewed."
—Staci Tye, professor of humanities, Laney College
The teachings in Nasafi’s classic text are meant for both the ears of the head and the ears of the heart. Dr. Sabzevary’s beautiful translation will educate those curious about the Sufi path. With profound gratitude, we receive this erudite and precious contribution to English-language scholarship on Iranian Sufi mysticism, which will enlighten generations to come.
—Emily Hanlon, lecturer of humanities, San Francisco State University
For anyone walking a spiritual path, guideposts along the way are necessary. The words of Aziz O-Din Nasafi offer us that much-needed guidance, and Dr. Amir Sabzevary’s translation allows simple and straightforward access to that wisdom. Perhaps one of the greatest gifts offered in this book is the notes Dr. Sabzevary provides throughout, giving deep insight into the meaning behind Nasafi’s words. These notes greatly contribute to making this book a profound and meaningful read.
—Alyson Collom, instructor of humanities
Sabzevary brings his considerable knowledge of literary Persian and classical Sufi hermeneutics to bear, making the text accessible for a contemporary audience while remaining true to Nasafi’s original work. In a modern world often devoid of true religious spirit, Sabzevary’s translation and commentary call us back into the luminous world of medieval Sufism—serving as a reminder that even hundreds of years later, the hidden wisdom continues to live on—if only we have the eyes to see. This illuminating translation not only gives us eyes to see but points beyond the senses altogether—to a realm of peace, compassion, and unity. Nasafi’s words of wisdom in this text reach across time and space, ultimately inviting us, too, to live into the essential teachings of the Sufi path.
—Cassie Lipowitz, senior lecturer of religious studies, Notre Dame de Namur University
"In contrast to the Sufi literature currently available in the West, such as the poetic and intellectual renditions of Rumi and Ibn Arabi, Aziz O-Din Nasafi’s The Perfect Being is a lucid and straightforward manual on Sufism. Professor Sabzevary’s eloquent introductory notes explain the Islamic and Persian cultural etiquette that serves as the cradle that holds and protects these ideas, as without embodying these cultural nuances, Sufi ideas can only serve superficial functions. The resulting translation is one of the most accessible and comprehensive works on self-knowledge available in English."
—Brian Johnson, professor of religion and philosophy, Merced College
"The Perfect Being calls across time and place, beckoning those with ears to hear to turn away from the chaotic din of contemporary culture to contemplate the perennial path of wisdom instead. The distractions of everyday life are as old as time; mercifully, the healing wisdom found in The Perfect Being is older than time itself. It is our good fortune that both writer and translator/editor of this grace-filled volume possess the vital depth of understanding to bring this ancient wisdom to their respective time and place."
—Carolyn D. Collom, professor of humanities and religious studies, Laney College
The Perfect Being
The Perfect Being
Selections from the Classic Islamic Text
Aziz O-Din Nasafi
Translator and Editor
Amir Sabzevary, PhD
Fortress Press
Minneapolis
THE PERFECT BEING
Selections from the Classic Islamic Text
Copyright © 2021 Fortress Press, an imprint of 1517 Media. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Email [email protected] or write to Permissions, Fortress Press, PO Box 1209, Minneapolis, MN 55440-1209.
Scriptures taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com The NIV
and New International Version
are trademarks registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by Biblica, Inc.™
Scripture quotations marked ESV are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Cover image: Anna Poguliaeva / Shutterstock.com
Cover design: Brad Norr
Print ISBN: 978-1-5064-7281-2
eBook ISBN: 978-1-5064-7282-9
While the author and 1517 Media have confirmed that all references to website addresses (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing, URLs may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared.
Contents
Introduction: By Amir Sabzevary
Introductory Treatise
Chapter One: The Law, the Way, and the Truth
Chapter Two: On the Perfect Being
Chapter Three: On Perfect Freedom
Chapter Four: On Speech
Chapter Five: On the Journey
The First Treatise
Chapter Twelve: On the Evolution of the Human Spirit
Chapter Thirteen: On the Number of Souls
Chapter Fifteen: On Advice
The Second Treatise
Chapter One: On the Essence of Being
Chapter Two: On the Community of Imitators: The Common Person
Chapter Three: On the Uniqueness of the Community of Intellectuals
Chapter Four: On the Community of Revelation
Chapter Five: Another Community within the Community of Unity
The Third Treatise
Chapter One: On Three Groups of Human Beings, Who Are a Mixture of Material and Spiritual
Chapter Five: On the Placement of Spirits
Chapter Six: On the Soul’s Fate
Chapter Seven: On God’s Destiny
Chapter Eight: On Traversing the Path
Chapter Nine: On Human Beings, in Whom Are Contained Both This and the Other World
The Fourth Treatise
Chapter One: On the Creation and Resurrection according to the Community of Wisdom
Chapter Two: On the Intelligence and Structure of the Lower World
Chapter Three: On Resurrection
Chapter Four: On the State of the Soul after Its Release from the Body
Chapter Five: On Advice
The Fifth Treatise
Chapter One: On Traversing the Path
Chapter Two: On the Intention of the Seeker on the Path
Chapter Three: On the Attainment of Wisdom through the Purification of the Body
Chapter Four: On the Three Groups of People
Chapter Five: On the Path to the Destination
Chapter Six: On the Level of the Common Person
Chapter Seven: On the Conditions of the Journey
Chapter Eight: The Pillars of the Path
Chapter Nine: On Veils and Status
Chapter Ten: On Training
The Sixth Treatise: On the Manners of Solitude
Chapter One: On Obedience and Disobedience
Chapter Two: On the Conditions of the Forty Days’ Training
Chapter Three: On the Manners of Remembrance of God (Zikr)
Chapter Four: On the Ascent of the Sufis
The Seventh Treatise: On Love
Chapter One: Introduction to Love
Chapter Two: On the Levels of the Shadows of Love
The Eighth Treatise
Chapter One: On the Ethical Codes of the Sufis
Chapter Two: On the Benefit of Traveling
Chapter Three: On the Codes of Conduct in the Khaneghah
Chapter Four: On Causing Another Dervish Sorrow
Chapter Five: On Ecstatic Dancing
Chapter Six: On Eating
Chapter Seven: On Asceticism and Discipline
Chapter Eight: On Speech
The Ninth Treatise: On Maturity and Freedom
Chapter One: On the Meaning of Maturity and Freedom
Chapter Two: On the Freedom and Maturity of Human Beings
The Tenth Treatise: On the Lesser World as a Representation of the Greater World
Chapter One: On the Greater and the Lesser Worlds
Chapter Two: On the Action of God and the Action of God’s Deputy
Chapter Four: On Adam and Eve
Chapter Five: On the Manifestation of Hell and Paradise
The Eleventh Treatise: On Earthly, Heavenly, and Celestial (Intelligent) Realms
Chapter One: On the World
Chapter Two: A Further Discussion of the Physical, Heavenly, and Intelligible Realms
Chapter Five: On Advice
The Twelfth Treatise: On Heavenly, Angelic, and Physical Realms: Part One
Chapter One: On the Nature of the Heavenly Realm
Chapter Two: On Being, Nonbeing, and Love
Chapter Three: On Advice
The Thirteenth Treatise: On the Celestial, Angelic, and Physical Realms: Part Two
Chapter One: On Unity
Chapter Two: On the Night of Revelation
Chapter Three: On Advice
The Twenty-Second Treatise: On Heaven and Hell
Chapter One: On Heaven and Hell and Adam and Eve
Chapter Two: On the Gates of Heaven and Hell
Chapter Three: On the Stages of Heaven and Hell
Notes
Further Readings
The greatest Sin: Fear
The greatest Enjoyment: Work
The greatest Calamity: Hopelessness
The greatest Courage: Patience
The greatest Teacher: Experience
The greatest Secret: Death
The greatest Honor: Faith
The greatest Profit: A Noble Child
The greatest Gift: Forgiveness
The greatest Investment: Confidence
—Ali, cousin of Prophet Mohammad
Introduction
O, dervish! Know for sure that we are travelers and certainly we pass the time hour by hour. If there is wealth, it will pass, and if there is affliction, it will pass. If you have wealth, do not put your trust in it because it is unclear what will happen in the next hour.