Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    From $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Human Trafficking: Are We Our Brother’s Keeper?
    Human Trafficking: Are We Our Brother’s Keeper?
    Human Trafficking: Are We Our Brother’s Keeper?
    Ebook121 pages3 hours

    Human Trafficking: Are We Our Brother’s Keeper?

    By Nasia Sheikh, Asfar Khan, Austin Mardon and

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    Human trafficking has become a global pandemic which affects millions of people worldwide. People of all ages and backgrounds can be potential victims of exploitation and modern enslavement.

    Why do criminal organizations traffic human beings and how it has become such an extremely lucrative global industry?

    This book will teach you to identify the signs of human trafficking and the methods you can embrace as an individual in trying to help slow the vicious cycle of exploitation and abuse of humans in society.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherLulu.com
    Release dateJun 22, 2019
    ISBN9780359720231
    Human Trafficking: Are We Our Brother’s Keeper?

    Related to Human Trafficking

    Related ebooks

    Reference For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • UNLIMITED

      Digital Dystopia

      Sep 14, 2023

      Digital Dystopia
      7 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      Human Trafficking

      Aug 11, 2020

      Human Trafficking
      17 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      Bird’s Words

      Aug 8, 2022

      In 2016 I had what we called the Creditworthiness Assessment Bill go through Parliament. It was a very simple no-brainer. People living in rented accommodation were paying more for their credit than those living in a property they had a mortgage on.

      3 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      The Truth Fills The Streets

      Feb 11, 2020

      As parents of children who have emigrated, like most citizens, we have gone down to Martyrs’ and Riad Solh squares to see their faces in those of the younger generation currently protesting there. They have revolted and shaken the ground under the fe

      5 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      Beyond Punishment

      Feb 13, 2022

      Beyond Punishment
      12 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      Social Credit Rating Citizen

      Apr 22, 2019

      Social Credit Rating Citizen
      3 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      10 Steps Towards Abolition

      Feb 13, 2022

      Poor and marginalized people are the most targeted by legislation around things like homelessness and theft. On the African continent alone, at least 42 countries have laws, often dating back to colonial rule, on ‘petty offences’ such as loitering or

      3 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      Jordan’s Need To Diversify Options, Freedom Will Save Kenya, Not Being Ostriches, National Payments Platform Could Change Banking, Demolition Of A Wall Of Silence In 2017

      Jan 13, 2018

      The Jordan Times / Amman, JordanJordan’s need to diversify options “In recent weeks, there has been much commentary in Jordan on the importance of taking a new approach to Jordan’s bilateral relations,” writes Amer Al Sabaileh. “Strategically, it is

      2 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      In Vietnam, 'Robin Hood' Borrowers Are Taking Aim At Digital Loan Sharks

      Apr 18, 2021

      Vietnam is at the cusp of a significant financial transformation. New lending systems and a culture of borrowing are taking over. Digital lending is thriving, with hundreds of smartphone apps available for download. They come from banks and consumer

      3 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      It’s Not About You!

      Oct 8, 2021

      It’s Not About You!
      6 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      Debt And Transformation In SA – The Dynamics Of Social Upliftment

      Feb 14, 2020

      it would be hard to imagine how the burgeoning aspirations for a better life could have been met in the post-apartheid era were it not for the ability to borrow. Had there been no debt – or access to credit, to use the version that sounds more palata

      5 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      When Graft Bites The Most

      Jul 26, 2020

      When Graft Bites The Most
      4 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      The Price Is Not Right

      Jun 26, 2019

      The Price Is Not Right
      6 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      The Politics of Inequality

      Sep 1, 2017

      How would you describe the differences between inequality in Canada and in the U.S.? In both countries, at one end of the spectrum, we have poverty, and on the other, we have the 1%. Actually, I should say the .01%, because that is the group I am mos

      7 min read

    • UNLIMITED

      Editor’s Letter

      Jul 24, 2023

      There was a question about it in Parliament, at PMQs. The question came from the former business secretary, Jacob Rees-Mogg. It was a question about that most important of national issues, Nigel Farage’s bank account. Farage’s account was recently sh

      2 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Human Trafficking

    0 ratings

    0 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      Human Trafficking - Nasia Sheikh

      Human Trafficking: Are We Our Brother’s Keeper?

      Title: Human Trafficking: Are We Our Brother’s Keeper?

      by Austin Mardon, Ravdeep Judge, Asfar Khan, Nasia Sheikh, Lucas Tombrowski, and Catherine Mardon

      © 2019 copyright by Golden Meteorite Press.

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written consent of the publisher or a licence from The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency

      (Access Copyright).

      For an Access Copyright licence, visit www.accesscopyright.ca

      or call: 1-(800)-893- 5777.

      Design and Layout by Milo Knauer

      Published by Golden Meteorite Press.

      Suite 103, 11919-82 Street NW,

      Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

      T5B 2W4

      Telephone: 1-(780)-378-0063

      Email: [email protected]

      Website: www.austinmardon.org

      Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

      Austin Mardon et al., author

      Human Trafficking: Are We Our Brother’s Keeper?

      ISBN 978-0-359-7202 3-1 (epub)

      Introduction

      Human trafficking, as it stands today, is a global pandemic which affects millions of people worldwide. The United Nations condemns human trafficking as a violation of human rights and requires that nations in the UN pass legislation criminalizing human trafficking. Even though human trafficking is criminalized and condemned worldwide, it is still present in virtually every country on Earth. Current estimates state that approximately 21 million people are currently victims of human trafficking. Of these victims, roughly 51% are women. Men make up about 21%, girls 20%, and boys 8%. Victims of human trafficking are subjected to forced marriage, rape, sexual abuse, physical abuse, mental abuse, forced labour, and more.

      Most people are not aware of the extent of modern human trafficking. The very idea of such large and pervasive global networks of people exploiting and abusing millions of men, women, and children seems unbelievable. It feels like something which should have been stopped centuries ago. And yet, it still exists to this day. The lack of general awareness of the extent of modern human trafficking is part of why it is still so prevalent. The very first step to stopping human trafficking is preventing people from becoming victims of it in the first place. People must learn to recognize the signs which indicate that a person is at risk of becoming a victim. Women, children, minorities, and migrants are all disproportionately likely to be victimized. For example, in Canada, Aboriginal women and migrant women are at risk of human trafficking. Later in this book, we will discuss additional indicators and warning signs. Another factor which affects the low public awareness of human trafficking is the varying forms of which it can take. The only information one can glean from the term human trafficking alone is that it involves the movement of people. For what purposes do criminal organizations move these people? We will discuss in this book exactly why criminal organizations traffic human beings, and how it has become an extremely lucrative global industry.

      The causes of human trafficking are complex and multi-sided. There is no one simple answer for how to stop human trafficking, and as society continues to change and technology continues to advance, so to will criminal organizations adapt. Right now, the human trafficking industry shows no signs of slowing its growth. However, it is our hope that this book will help raise awareness not only of modern human trafficking, but also its roots in slavery and forced labour in the past.

      History of Human Bondage

      Debt Slavery

      The term debt bondage or bonded labour refers to the use of labour as a means of repaying debt, where the creditor does not intend to ever release the debtor from their obligation, and thus is able to exercise a great deal of control over the debtor. Debt bondage is different from other forms of slavery in that a person will consciously agree to work to repay their outstanding debts. However, this is still a form of forced labour, since deciding not to enter bonded labour would mean facing the consequences of being unable to repay their debt. The key aspect of debt bondage is the impossibility of ever fully repaying the debt. If a person is in a situation where they will eventually be able to repay their debt, they are not in true debt bondage. A creditor will ensure that the debtor will never be able to stop working through various means, such as:

      · Purposefully ambiguous or non-existent contracts or terms of repayment

      · Illegally increasing the rate at which interest accrues on the debt

      · Heaping additional charges on the debtor for arbitrary reasons (e.g. not working hard enough)

      · Lowering the rate at which the debtor is repaying their debt

      If a debtor dies or is unable to continue working, their debt is often passed on to their children.

      Debt bondage has been present throughout much of human history. In ancient Greece, debt bondage was very common, and at one point was more fashionable than actual enslavement. Similarly, in the ancient Roman Republic, a person could enter into a nexum contract in order to pay off a debt. In theory, this system worked similarly to indentured servitude, in that the debtor agrees to work as a slave (nexus) for an agreed-upon period of time. Despite retaining their state as Roman citizens, people under nexum contracts would be subject to much of the same brutal treatment as slaves. In 326 BC, the practice was abolished in order to prevent the physical abuse of Roman citizens. In the same time as the Atlantic slave trade, slavery still ran rampant on the interior of Africa, often in the form of debt bondage. Demand for able-bodied male slaves in European colonies was high, so a large population of female and child slaves was created as a result. After the Atlantic slave trade ended and slaves were finally emancipated, discrimination made it very difficult for freed Africans to find new work. This led to many freed slaves turning to bonded labour as a means of employment and essentially becoming re-enslaved.

      Currently, debt bondage is the most common form of slavery in the world. In 2017, the International Labour Organization (ILO) released a report on forced labour and forced marriage. In it, the ILO estimated that: debt bondage affected half of all victims of forced labour imposed by private actors. The report estimated that in 2016 there were sixteen million victims of forced labour in the private economy, meaning over eight million people in the world are victims of debt bondage. This number does not include victims of debt bondage imposed by non-private actors, such as state authorities. According to the ILO, debt bondage is most prevalent in South Asian countries such as India, Nepal, and Pakistan, and it is also a major issue in parts of Africa and Latin America. In 2011, anti-human trafficking advocate Siddharth Kara stated, Bonded labour is a relic of history that should have long ago been eliminated from South Asia, but greed, corruption, and government ineffectiveness allow this caustic mode of exploitation to persist well into modern times. In order to ensure basic human rights, guarantee untainted global supply chains, and protect international security, the forces that promote bonded labour must be tackled immediately.

      There are many factors which can contribute to the increased prevalence of debt bondage within a region. Widespread poverty means more people are likely to turn to bonded labour as a means of repaying debt. If a person is illiterate, it is significantly easier for a debtor to exploit and deceive them. Thus, areas where illiteracy is a problem can see increased

      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1