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    Stukas Over the Steppe: The Blitzkrieg in the East, 1941-45
    Stukas Over the Steppe: The Blitzkrieg in the East, 1941-45
    Stukas Over the Steppe: The Blitzkrieg in the East, 1941-45
    Ebook109 pages39 minutes

    Stukas Over the Steppe: The Blitzkrieg in the East, 1941-45

    By Peter C. Smith

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    About this ebook

    This new edition to the Luftwaffe at War ser ies captures the many roles adopted by the Ju 87 in this dem anding theatre - from dive bomber to tank buster and the var ieties of plane type. The illustrations show the planes'' cou rageous contribution to war.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherOpen Road Integrated Media
    Release dateMar 15, 1999
    ISBN9781784380281
    Stukas Over the Steppe: The Blitzkrieg in the East, 1941-45
    Author

    Peter C. Smith

    Peter C. Smith is well-known to aviation and maritime history readers. He has written over 67 previously published books. Amongst these are Skua, Detroyer Leader, Into the Minefields and Naval Warfare in the English Channel 1939-1945, all published by Pen & Sword.

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      Book preview

      Stukas Over the Steppe - Peter C. Smith

      LUFTWAFFE AT WAR

      STUKAS OVER THE STEPPE THE BLITZKRIEG IN THE EAST

      1941–1945

      The launching of the German attack on the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, Operation BARBAROSSA, was the ultimate and logical climax to the road that the Führer Adolf Hitler had taken since he came to power in 1933. The Communist had long been the ideological enemy of the Nazi state, and that state had been built with the avowed intent to create Lebensraum (‘living space’) for the German people at the expense of the Slavs of central and eastern Europe. The fact that the lands he coveted were under the domination of his most hated opponents only lent inevitability to Hitler’s fateful decision. Marshal Joseph Stalin’s aggression – the attack on Finland, the occupation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the annexation of parts of Romania – drew the Soviet Union closer to Germany’s eastern borders and added fuel to the fire of deep resentment that Hitler felt towards Russia, making the final confrontation a certainty.

      Neither was there much doubt about the methods by which the German armed forces meant to take on and defeat the huge military machine that Stalin had built up over the years. Far outnumbered in everything – infantry divisions, artillery, tanks and aircraft – the Germans still took on the task with supreme confidence. This was due to the fact that their military and aviation strength had been tried and tested in full combat. In Blitzkrieg operations against Poland, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Yugoslavia and Greece, the highly mobile and fast-moving combination of armoured column thrusts, supported by the ‘flying artillery’ provided by the dive-bombing Junkers Ju 87 Stuka (Sturzkampfflugzeug – dive-bomber) units, had proved irresistible.

      In campaign after campaign the main power of the opposing armies had been broken by the Stukas and crushed by the Panzers, with conventional forces mopping-up the dazed and disorganised remains of once-proud armies in their wake. The Luftwaffe fully co-operated with the Wehrmacht and their liaison was years in advance of any other nation. Army support, in Luftwaffe terms, was wholehearted and unreserved. The concentration of all forces on one vital spot, the Schwerpunkt, broke initial resistance in the form of fortresses, strong-points and concentrations of troops; then, once the breakthrough was achieved, the tank columns raced off, surrounding and enveloping the less mobile armies of their opponents. Never given time to reorganise, always one or two steps behind, more conventional armies were swept away.

      Whenever a stand was made, and forces tried to rally, or a counter-attack was mounted against the German advance, the Stukas were called in and effectively smashed the enemy resistance before it could gather momentum. The same tried-and-tested principles were to be employed again in BARBAROSSA, but against a far tougher opponent.

      Although Stalin’s purges of the Soviet Army High Command in the late 1930s had resulted in the loss of thousands of competent officers, and the Finnish debacle in the winter of 1939/40 had shown up huge failings in Soviet military thinking and tactics, the colossal Soviet war machine was equipped with the world’s toughest tanks, and thousands of them, and an inexhaustible supply of manpower, however badly trained. Most important of all, however, Russia had vast tracts of land, the huge empty steppe that stretched for hundreds of miles eastward. Trading space for time was an old Russian war tactic and had brought Napoleon’s dreams to a terrible end in the harsh winter of 1812. It was ultimately to do the same to Hitler’s towering ambitions. Twenty-two miles of salt water had saved Great Britain from going the same way as her allies in the summer of 1940, and the endless steppe was to serve Stalin in the same way.

      Under Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring’s Luftflotte 2, supporting Army Group Centre, were concentrated the Stukas of St.G. 77 of General der Flieger Bruno Loerzer’s II. Fliegerkorps and Generalfeldmarschall Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen’s VIII. Fliegerkorps, with the St.G. 1 and the St.G. 2. Under Luftflotte 5, commanded by General der Flieger Hans-Jürgen Stumpff, was the IV.(St.)/LG. 1. In all a total of 424 Stuka dive-bombers were available to take on the Soviet Union – only ten more than had been available on the opening day of the attack on France and the Low Countries just over a year before.

      Initially, however, Blitzkrieg worked well, in fact better than ever. In the first week of the fighting an incredible 4017 Soviet aircraft were destroyed, mainly on their airfields, for the loss of just 150 German

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