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    Vasculitis Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Vasculitis Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Vasculitis Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook244 pages2 hours

    Vasculitis Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Vasculitis Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    Vasculitis is an inflammatory condition of the blood vessels
    Inflammation may involve pain, redness, warmth in the affected tissues.
    If a blood vessel is inflamed, it can cause narrowing
    Poor blood flow may cause cells of organs to stop living

    Vasculitis can affect the arteries, veins and capillaries
    Large blood vessel inflammation include Takayasu's Arteritis
    The moderate blood vessels include Kawasaki and Polyarteritis
    The small blood vessel includes Henoch Schonlein purpura and polyangiitis

    Diagnosis is by the microscopic examination of the blood vessel biopsy
    Angiography of the inflamed blood vessels is also diagnostic.
    Treatment of vasculitis includes corticosteroids and cytotoxic medicines.
    The goal is to stop the immune response that caused the inflammation.

    -An original poem by Kenneth Kee

    Vasculitis is a disorder that involves inflammation in the blood vessels.
    Inflamed Blood Vessels (Vasculitis) happens if the immune system attacks the blood vessels by mistake.
    This attack may happen as the result of an infection, a medicine, or another disease or disorder.
    “Inflammation” indicates the body’s response to injury, such as injury to the blood vessels.
    Inflammation may involve the pain, redness, warmth, swelling and the loss of function in the involved tissues.
    In vasculitis, inflammation can lead to serious problems.
    Complications are dependent on which blood vessels, organs, or other body systems are involved.
    Vasculitis can have an effect on any of the body's blood vessels.
    These are arteries, veins, and capillaries.
    Arteries bring the blood from the heart to the body's organs.
    Veins bring the blood from the organs and limbs back to the heart.
    Capillaries join the small arteries and veins.
    If a blood vessel is inflamed, it can become narrow or close off.
    This restricts or prevents blood flow through the vessel.
    The interruption in blood flow produced by inflammation can injure the body's organs.
    Signs and symptoms are dependent on which organs have been injured and the extent of the injury.
    The normal symptoms of inflammation such as fever, general aches and pains are frequent among people who have vasculitis.
    There are many types of vasculitis.
    Each type involves inflamed blood vessels.
    Most types differ in whom they have an effect on and the organs that are involved.
    The most frequent type (polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)) had an estimated cumulative prevalence (the number of people who had ever had the disease over a given period of time) of 2.27%.
    The matching figure for the next most frequent (giant cell arteritis (GCA)) was 0.41%
    1. Mostly Large Vessel Vasculitis
    These types of vasculitis normally, but not always, affect the body’s larger blood vessels.
    Behcet's Disease
    Giant Cell Arteritis
    Polymyalgia Rheumatica
    Takayasu's Arteritis
    Cogan's Syndrome

    2. Mostly Medium Vessel Vasculitis
    These forms of vasculitis normally but not always involve the body’s medium-sized blood vessels.
    Buerger's Disease
    Kawasaki Disease
    Polyarteritis Nodosa
    Central Nervous System Vasculitis

    3. Mostly Small Vessel Vasculitis
    These forms of vasculitis normally but not always involve the body’s small blood vessels.
    Churg-Strauss Syndrome
    Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
    Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia
    Hypersensitivity Vasculitis
    Microscopic Polyangiitis
    Wegener's Granulomatosis
    Diagnosis:
    Angiography and biopsy of an involved organ are the best ways
    Treatment:
    Frequent prescription medicines utilized to treat vasculitis are:
    1.Corticosteroids and
    2.Cytotoxic medicines
    3.Biologic medicines

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Vasculitis Diseases
    Chapter 2 Takayasu Arteritis
    Cha

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateMar 26, 2019
    ISBN9780463532621
    Vasculitis Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Vasculitis Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Vasculitis Diseases,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2019 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Vasculitis Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Vasculitis Diseases)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Inflamed Blood Vessels (Vasculitis)

      Vasculitis is an inflammatory condition of the blood vessels

      Inflammation may involve pain, redness, warmth in the affected tissues.

      If a blood vessel is inflamed, it can cause narrowing

      Poor blood flow may cause cells of organs to stop living

      Vasculitis can affect the arteries, veins and capillaries

      Large blood vessel inflammation include Takayasu's Arteritis

      The moderate blood vessels include Kawasaki and Polyarteritis

      The small blood vessel includes Henoch Schonlein purpura and polyangiitis

      Diagnosis is by the microscopic examination of the blood vessel biopsy

      Angiography of the inflamed blood vessels is also diagnostic.

      Treatment of vasculitis includes corticosteroids and cytotoxic medicines.

      The goal is to stop the immune response that caused the inflammation.

      -An original poem by Kenneth Kee

      What Is Inflamed Blood Vessels (Vasculitis)?

      Vasculitis is a disorder that involves inflammation in the blood vessels.

      Inflamed Blood Vessels (Vasculitis) happens if the immune system attacks the blood vessels by mistake.

      This attack may happen as the result of an infection, a medicine, or another disease or disorder.

      Inflammation indicates the body’s response to injury, such as injury to the blood vessels.

      Inflammation may involve the pain, redness, warmth, swelling and the loss of function in the involved tissues.

      In vasculitis, inflammation can lead to serious problems.

      Complications are dependent on which blood vessels, organs, or other body systems are involved.

      Vasculitis can have an effect on any of the body's blood vessels.

      These are arteries, veins, and capillaries.

      Arteries bring the blood from the heart to the body's organs.

      Veins bring the blood from the organs and limbs back to the heart.

      Capillaries join the small arteries and veins.

      If a blood vessel is inflamed, it can become narrow or close off.

      This restricts or prevents blood flow through the vessel.

      Rarely, the blood vessel will expand and weaken, causing it to bulge.

      This bulge is termed an aneurysm

      The interruption in blood flow produced by inflammation can injure the body's organs.

      Signs and symptoms are dependent on which organs have been injured and the extent of the injury.

      The normal symptoms of inflammation such as fever, general aches and pains are frequent among people who have vasculitis.

      What are the types of Vasculitis?

      Types of Vasculitis

      There are many types of vasculitis.

      Each type involves inflamed blood vessels.

      Most types differ in whom they have an effect on and the organs that are involved.

      The types of vasculitis often are clustered based on the size of the blood vessels they affect.

      The most frequent type (polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)) had an estimated cumulative prevalence (the number of people who had ever had the disease over a given period of time) of 2.27%.

      The matching figure for the next most frequent (giant cell arteritis (GCA)) was 0.41%

      1. Mostly Large Vessel Vasculitis

      These types of vasculitis normally, but not always, affect the body’s larger blood vessels.

      Behcet's Disease

      Behcet's disease can cause:

      1. Recurrent, painful ulcers (sores) in the mouth,

      2. Ulcers on the genitals, acne-like skin lesions, and

      3. Eye inflammation called uveitis.

      The disease happens most often in people aged 20 to 40.

      Men tend more likely to get it, but it also can involve women.

      Behcet's disease is more frequent in people of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Far Eastern descent, even though it seldom affects Blacks.

      Doctors believe that a gene called the HLA-B51 gene may have a par in Behcet's disease.

      Not everyone who has the gene develops the disease.

      Giant Cell Arteritis

      Giant cell arteritis normally involves the temporal artery, an artery on the side of the head.

      This disorder also is called temporal arteritis.

      Symptoms of this disorder can involve headaches, scalp tenderness, jaw pain, blurred vision, double vision, and acute (sudden) vision loss.

      Giant cell arteritis is the most frequent form of vasculitis in adults older than 50.

      It tends more likely to happen in people of Scandinavian origin, but it can involve people of any race.

      Polymyalgia Rheumatica

      Polymyalgia rheumatica or PMR often involves the large joints in the body such as the shoulders and hips.

      PMR normally causes stiffness and pain in the muscles of the neck, shoulders, lower back, hips, and thighs.

      PMR normally happens by itself, but 10–20 % of people who have PMR also form giant cell arteritis.

      Also 50% of the people who have giant cell arteritis may develop PMR.

      Takayasu's Arteritis

      Takayasu's arteritis involves medium- and large-sized arteries, mostly the aorta and its branches.

      The disorder occasionally is called aortic arch syndrome.

      Though rare, Takayasu's arteritis mainly involves teenage girls and young women.

      The disorder is most frequent in Asians, but it can involve people of all races.

      Takayasu's arteritis is a systemic disease.

      A systemic disease is one that involves the person in a general or overall way.

      Symptoms of Takayasu's arteritis may be tiredness and a sense of feeling unwell, fever, night sweats, sore joints, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

      These symptoms normally happen before other signs occur that point to arteritis.

      Cogan's Syndrome

      Cogan's syndrome can happen in people who have a systemic vasculitis that involves the large blood vessels, particularly the aorta and aortic valve.

      The aorta is the main artery that transports oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.

      A systemic vasculitis is a form of vasculitis that involves the person in a general or overall way.

      Cogan's syndrome can cause eye inflammation called interstitial keratitis.

      The syndrome also can produce hearing changes, such as sudden deafness.

      2. Mostly Medium Vessel Vasculitis

      These forms of vasculitis normally but not always involve the body’s medium-sized blood vessels.

      Buerger's Disease

      Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) normally involves blood flow to the hands and feet.

      In this disease, the blood vessels in the hands and feet constrict or become blocked.

      As a result less blood flows to the involved tissues which can cause pain and tissue injury.

      Rarely Buerger's disease also can involve blood vessels in the brain, abdomen, and heart.

      The disease normally involves men aged 20 to 40 of Asian or Eastern European descent.

      The disease is strongly related to cigarette smoking.

      Symptoms of Buerger's disease are:

      1. Pain in the calves or feet when walking or

      2. Pain in the forearms and hands with activity.

      Other symptoms are blood clots in the surface veins of the limbs and Raynaud's phenomenon.

      In severe cases, ulcers may form on the fingers and toes, causing gangrene.

      The term gangrene indicates the death or decay of body tissues.

      Surgical bypass of the blood vessels may help recover blood flow to some areas.

      Medicines normally do not work well to treat Buerger’s disease.

      The best treatment is to stop taking tobacco of any kind.

      Kawasaki Disease

      Kawasaki disease is a rare childhood disease in which the walls of the blood vessels all over the body become inflamed.

      The disease can involve any blood vessel in the body, such as arteries, veins, and capillaries.

      Kawasaki disease also is termed mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

      This is because the disease is linked with redness of the mucous membranes in the eyes and mouth, redness of the skin, and enlarged lymph nodes.

      Mucous membranes are tissues that cover the insides of some organs and body cavities.

      Occasionally the disease involves the coronary arteries, which bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

      As a result, a small number of children who have Kawasaki disease may have serious heart disorders.

      Polyarteritis Nodosa

      Polyarteritis nodosa can involve many parts of the body.

      This disorder often involves the kidneys, the digestive tract, the nerves, and the skin.

      Symptoms often are fever, a general feeling of being unwell, weight loss, and muscle and joint aches, such as pain in the calf muscles that forms over weeks or months.

      Other signs and symptoms are anemia (a low red blood cell count), a lace- or web-like rash, bumps under the skin, and stomach pain after eating.

      Doctors believe that this form of vasculitis is very rare, even though the symptoms can be the same as those of other forms of vasculitis.

      Some

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