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    Real-Time Critical Systems
    Real-Time Critical Systems
    Real-Time Critical Systems
    Ebook276 pages1 hour

    Real-Time Critical Systems

    By Jordan Lee Mauro-Buhagiar

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    About this ebook

    Real-Time Critical Systems are pervasive in human nature. Thus, this thesis outlines the main facts encompassing critical system design and perserverance towards decisiveness. In essence, every decision made through the project has had a shadowed theory or method, or fact outlining the directed concept. Addressing a case study that illustrates factual concepts and real-life experience regarding Ada and SPARK projects.  
     
    Moreover, it outlines background, as well as research that aids on decision making, elaborating the project's purpose. Additionally, the project follows a drastic approach towards building up the foundations that allows a HRM prototype to be programmed in Ada and an incremental development towards the success of the system.  
     
    Foremost importance of the thesis was to prove that Ada and Spark is essential to critical systems across the globe and allow people with similar interests to follow well-structured tutorials to implement the project.  
     
    As a result, you will have designed a fully functional HRM and have learnt fundamental concepts essential in Computer Science, Software Engineering and Circuit Design, as well as how to apply them to a project in a real world scenario.  
     
    Highlights: You get to design a Heart Rate Monitor... Amazing!

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherJordan Lee Mauro-Buhagiar
    Release dateJan 23, 2018
    ISBN9781386984535
    Real-Time Critical Systems
    Author

    Jordan Lee Mauro-Buhagiar

    The author of this book is a spiritual being with large goals and dreams. Author of Real-Time Critical Systems – HRM prototype & Ada Integration, BEng in Computer Systems & electronics, MSc in Computer Science & business founder and director of E-Fit Gibraltar Studio & Showroom, The Health Paradox and Environmental Missions. A standardised ability to make vision a reality is of paramount importance. Personal message to all readers: “Do not allow judgement blur your vision, it is your vision, you have been gifted with capabilities to determine the potential of a vision and thus, only you have the strength and ability to make it your reality, always persevere”.

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    Real-Time Critical Systems - Jordan Lee Mauro-Buhagiar

    ABSTRACT

    Real-Time Critical Systems are pervasive in human nature. Thus, this thesis outlines the main facts encompassing critical system design and perseverance towards decisiveness. In essence, every decision made throughout the project has had a shadowed theory or method, or fact outlining the directed concept. This thesis addresses a case study that illustrates factual concepts and real-life experiences regarding Ada and SPARK projects. Moreover, it outlines background, as well as research literature that aids on decision making, and elaborates the project’s purpose. Additionally, the project follows a drastic approach towards building up the foundations that allows a HRM prototype to be programmed in Ada and an incremental development towards the success of the system.

    Foremost importance of the thesis shall be to prove that Ada and SPARK are essential to critical systems across the globe and allowing users with similar interests to follow well-structured tutorials and implement a challenging project.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    First of all, I would like to thank Mr. Anton G Setzer for being an exceptional Supervisor and Inspiration. This project could have not been accomplished the way it was without his guidance.

    I would like to thank Mr. Gary Tam for introducing me to RDP Algorithm and his effective teaching during his Algorithms Complexity and Efficiency lecture; making complexity not so complex, the miracle of pseudo code understandable and the lectures fun, believe it or not.

    I would like to thank Rolf Ebert for his AVR-Ada Documentations, AVR-Ada Mailing List and consistency.

    I would like to thank my darling girlfriend for being my biggest support and parents for making my education happen.

    I would like to thank my cousin Charles Buhagiar for his generosity in taking his time on proof reading this document.

    And finally, I would like to thank Swansea University for giving me the experience of a life time, allowing me to meet exceptional people and be part of an amazing environment.

    MOTIVATION

    My curiosity towards pervasiveness in this world led me to this assignment. My questions required answers and my attitude shadowed ambition. I always enjoyed technology and loved to learn. Those qualities drove me towards my Graduate Degree in Computer Systems & Electronics. Upon completion, I was not ready to stop learning. After learning how systems were designed, programming was a must. Hence, Computer Science Master’s Degree became my next destination. I was thrilled to learn all types of programming languages and I always adored a challenge. Ada was the biggest challenge faced and hardest programming language to grasp in my experience; only because it was different. However, the world’s evolution and my vision towards it made me extremely interested.

    Ada is a reflection of not just a programming language, but the programming language. It uses the concept of protecting, saving and preventing. We programmers program to develop systems that potentially, to an extent replace humans. Humans usually make more mistakes than a program does when it is designed to take one or multiple responsibilities and yet, programs are tested by humans. Ada uses SPARK to verify and validate critical programs that eventually saves lives; using Theorem Provers. In my opinion, that was extremely realistic and smart; the way it should be done. When working with SPARK-Ada and reading about the miracles it has performed in this world simply inspired me.

    Thus, I took the challenge on taking this subject for my thesis. I was honestly struggling to make the decision as I knew it was no easy task and completely out of my comfort zone. Somehow, I went forward with it and all my worries were then taken care of during an informal meeting with Anton G Setzer who assisted me on choosing a project topic that was not completely out of my knowledge or grasp. He elaborated how no system has yet been presented to him running an Ada program in real-time, how research was limited and how effective it would be to verify and validate it using SPARK-Ada. Therefore, my mind was set and my mission begun. I promised myself that I was going to expand Ada documentations regarding 8-Bit Microcontrollers, hoping Ada would expand on this field and get widely used via assistance from this thesis. In addition, I promised that my experience and struggles during this mission would condemn its roots and distinguish new ways to make this experience easier for others whom may be interested.

    CONTENT

    ABSTRACT

    DECLARATIONS & STATEMENTS

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    MOTIVATION

    CONTENT

    LIST OF FIGURES

    LIST OF REQUIREMENTS

    CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

    Project Goal & Objectives

    CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH MANAGEMENT

    2.1 – Research Methodology

    2.1.1 – The Research Onion

    Epistemology

    Philosophies – Layer 1 - Positivism – Realism

    Approaches – Layer 2 – Inductive

    Strategies – Layer 3 – Case Study – Action Research

    Choices – Layer 4 – Mixed-Methods

    Time Horizons – Layer 5 – Cross-Sectional

    Techniques & Procedures – Layer 6 – Data Collection & Analysis

    CHAPTER 3: FOUNDATIONS

    Research philosophy

    3.1 - Literature Review

    3.1.1 - Real-world Projects with Ada & SPARK Integration

    3.1.1. A – Ada’s Lines of Contribution

    ILTIS- Railway Traffic Control

    Ada Used to Develop Medical Analytical Systems

    A Biomedical Engineer's View of Ada

    3.1.1. B – SPARK Ada’s Lines of Contribution

    Ironsides – An Authoritative/Recursive DNS Server pair

    Figure 3.1.1.B1 – DNS Server Performance

    The Tokeneer Project

    Figure 3.1.1.B2 – Tokeneer: Beyond Formal Program Verification

    The Lockheed C130J

    Defence Strength Transportation Exploration Safety Trust & more

    3.1.2 – Programming Languages Used in Embedded Systems

    Assembly Language

    The C Programming Language

    The C++ Programming Language

    MISRA-C – C Programming Language Subset

    Python Scripting Language

    Ada Programming Language

    SPARK Programming Language – A subset of Ada

    Figure 3.1.2.A3 – Four Alternatives Beyond Software CMM 5

    Figure 3.1.1.1.3 – Subset Comparison Chart

    3.2 - Background Research

    3.2.1 - Embedded Systems

    3.2.1. A - Introduction to Heart Rate Monitors

    3.2.1. B – ECG

    3.2.1.C – PPG

    3.2.1.D – HRM Functionalities

    1.      Displaying Heart Rate (HR)

    2.      Resting HR Zones – Indication

    3.2.1.E. - Ada Support for Embedded Systems

    3.2.3 - Embedded Hardware

    3.2.3.A – Introduction to Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

    3.2.3.B – MCU Functional Requirements

    3.2.3.C – MCUs

    3.2.3.D – Sensors

    3.2.3.E - Liquid Crystal Displays

    3.2.3.F - Programmer Module

    CHAPTER 4: PROJECT MANAGEMENT

    4.1 - Research on Development Models

    4.1.2 – Software Development Models

    4.1.2 – Evaluation & Conclusion

    4.2 – Iterative Development Model

    4.3 – Project Risk Analysis

    4.4 – Time Management

    CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM DESIGN & DIAGNOSTICS

    5.1 – System Design

    Cycle 1 – HRM System Prototype

    Cycle 1 – Evaluation

    CHAPTER 6: ADA INTEGRATION & TUTORIALS

    6.1 – AVR-ADA Framework Design & Implementation

    Cycle 2 – AVR-ADA cross compiler setup

    Phase 3:

    Cycle 2 – Evaluation

    CHAPTER 7: SYSTEM INTELLIGENCE

    7.1 – Software Characteristics

    7.2 – Iterative Design Principle Continued

    Cycle 3 – One Second Delay

    Cycle 3 – Testing: One Second Delay

    Cycle 3 – Evaluation

    Cycle 4 – ADC Setup

    Cycle 4 – Evaluation

    Cycle 5 – LCD Setup

    Cycle 5 – Evaluation

    Cycle 6 – Pulse Detection Algorithm

    Cycle 6 – Evaluation

    Cycle 7 – Timer Setup

    Cycle 7 – Evaluation

    Cycle 8 – Safety & LED

    Cycle 9 – SPARK Tools Integration

    Cycle 9 – Evaluation

    CHAPTER 8: EVALUATION

    CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSION

    CHAPTER 10: REFLECTION

    REFERENCES

    APPENDICES

    Appendix 1A – Ada Continues to revolutionise the world

    Appendix 1B – Ada continues revolutionising the world

    Appendix 2 – Software Capability Maturity Model

    Average Defect Density of Delivered Software

    Appendix 3 – SPARK 3 Level Analysis (Course Notes)

    Appendix 4 – SPARK’s Design Methodology Diagram

    Appendix 5A – SPARK2C Solution Email (A)

    Appendix 5B – SPARK2C Solution Email (B)

    Appendix 6 – Soldering

    Appendix 7A – LCD (Implementation) Package

    Appendix 7B – LCD (Specification) Package

    Appendix 7C – LCD (Wiring) Package

    Appendix 8A – Wrapper Class (Implementation) Package

    Appendix 8B – Wrapper Class (Specification) Package

    LIST OF FIGURES

    Figure 2.1.1.1 – Saunders Diagram                                    5

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