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    Ebstein Anomaly, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebstein Anomaly, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebstein Anomaly, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook85 pages1 hour

    Ebstein Anomaly, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    Ebstein Anomaly is a rare congenital heart disorder in which parts of the tricuspid valve are defective.
    The tricuspid valve separates the right lower heart chamber (right ventricle) from the right upper heart chamber (right atrium).
    In Ebstein Anomaly, the positioning of the tricuspid valve and how it functions to separate the two chambers is unusual.
    Ebstein Anomaly is a malformation of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle typically featured by:
    1. Adherence of the septal and posterior leaflets to the underlying myocardium.
    2. Downward (apical) displacement of the functional annulus.
    3. Dilation of the atrialized portion of the right ventricle, with various degrees of hypertrophy and thinning of the wall.
    4. Redundancy, fenestrations and tethering of the anterior leaflet.
    5. Dilation of the right atrioventricular junction.
    In persons with Ebstein anomaly, the leaflets are positioned deeper into the right ventricle instead of the normal position.
    The leaflets are often bigger than normal.
    The defect most often induces the valve to work poorly, and blood may go the wrong way.
    Instead of flowing out to the lungs, the blood returns back into the right atrium.
    The backup of blood flow can result in heart enlargement and fluid buildup in the body.
    There may be narrowing of the valve that leads into the lungs (pulmonary valve).
    In many instances, patients also have atrial septal defect (a hole in the wall that separates the heart's two upper chambers) and blood flow across the hole cause oxygen-poor blood to go to the body.
    This can produce cyanosis, a blue tint to the skin caused by oxygen-poor blood.
    Ebstein anomaly happens as a baby forms in the womb.
    Studies have shown both genetic and environmental risk factors:
    The anomaly is more frequent in twins and in those with a family history of congenital heart disorder.
    Environmental factors found in studies are maternal exposure to benzodiazepines (tranquillizers).
    Maternal lithium therapy (for depression) can infrequently result in Ebstein anomaly in the baby.
    Symptoms
    Symptoms vary from mild to very severe.
    Symptoms form soon after birth, and are bluish-colored lips and nails due to low blood oxygen levels.
    In severe cases, the baby seems to be very sick and has difficulty breathing.
    In mild cases, the involved person may be asymptomatic for many years.
    Symptoms in older children may be:
    1. Cough
    2. Failure to grow
    3. Fatigue
    4. Rapid breathing
    5. Shortness of breath
    6. Very fast heartbeat
    Other Symptoms are:
    1. Cyanosis: frequent in children and often because of linked atrial right-to-left shunt and severe heart failure.
    In adult life, cyanosis increasingly become worse.
    2. Fatigue and dyspnea: because of right ventricular failure
    3. Palpitations and sudden cardiac death: because of paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia or fatal ventricular arrhythmias.
    Signs:
    Heart sounds: the first heart sound is widely split with a loud tricuspid part.
    The pan-systolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation is optimally heard at the lower left parasternal area
    Signs of right heart failure: ankle edema, hepatomegaly and ascites
    Diagnosis:
    1. Fetal life: diagnosed incidentally by echocardiography.
    2. Neonatal life and infancy: manifests with cyanosis and severe heart failure
    3. Adult life: right heart failure
    Echocardiogram permits definitive diagnosis.
    Non-surgical treatment:
    Medicines to help with heart failure
    Oxygen and breathing support
    Antibiotic prophylaxis
    Treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias
    Surgery:
    Tricuspid valve repair is favored over valve replacement.
    Bioprosthetic valves are favored over mechanical prosthetic valves
    Heart transplant is last resort.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Ebstein Anomaly
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateSep 13, 2017
    ISBN9781370681761
    Ebstein Anomaly, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Ebstein Anomaly, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Ebstein Anomaly,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2017 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Ebstein Anomaly, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What The patient Need to Treat Ebstein Anomaly)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If the patient would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 amazon kindle books and 200 into Smashwords.com eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Ebstein Anomaly

      What is Ebstein Anomaly?

      Ebstein Anomaly is a rare congenital heart disorder in which parts of the tricuspid valve are defective.

      The tricuspid valve separates the right lower heart chamber (right ventricle) from the right upper heart chamber (right atrium).

      In Ebstein Anomaly, the positioning of the tricuspid valve and how it functions to separate the two chambers is unusual.

      The disorder is congenital, which means it is present at birth.

      Ebstein Anomaly is a malformation of the tricuspid

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