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    Exploring Autodesk Revit Structure 2016
    Exploring Autodesk Revit Structure 2016
    Exploring Autodesk Revit Structure 2016
    Ebook1,141 pages13 hours

    Exploring Autodesk Revit Structure 2016

    By Sham Tickoo

    5/5

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    About this ebook

    The Exploring Autodesk Revit Structure 2016 textbook explains the concepts and principles of Revit Structure through practical examples, tutorials, and exercises. This enables the users to harness the power of BIM with Autodesk Revit Structure 2016 for their specific use. In this textbook, the author emphasizes on physical modeling, analytical modeling, rebar modeling, and quantity scheduling. Also, this textbook covers the various stages involved in analyzing the model in Robot Structural Analysis software. This textbook is specially meant for professionals and students in structural engineering, civil engineering, and allied fields in the building industry.
     
    In this textbook, special emphasis has been laid on the concepts of structural modeling, which have been explained using relevant graphical examples and illustrations. The accompanying tutorials and exercises, which relate to the real world projects, help you understand the usage and abilities of the tools available in Autodesk Revit Structure. Along with the main text, the chapters have been punctuated with tips and notes to make various concepts clear, thereby enabling you to create your own innovative projects.
     
    As you go through this textbook, you will work on tutorials and exercises that can be used to build a complete project. Each of these tutorials and exercises, though complete in themselves, will be a step toward accomplishing the larger projects.
     
    The main features of this textbook are as follows:
     
    • Project-based Approach
    The author has adopted a project-based approach and the learn-by-doing theme throughout the textbook. This approach guides the users through the process of creating the designs given in the tutorials.
     
    • Real-World Designs as Projects
    The author has used real-world building designs and architectural examples as projects in this textbook so that the users can correlate them to the real-time designs.
     
    • Tips and Notes
    Additional information related to various topics is provided to the users in the form of tips and notes.
     
    • Learning Objectives
    The first page of every chapter summarizes the topics that are covered in that chapter.
     
    • Self-Evaluation Test, Review Questions, and Exercises
    The chapter ends with Self-Evaluation Test so that the users can assess their knowledge of the chapter. The answers to the Self-Evaluation Test are given at the end of the chapter. Also, the Review Questions and Exercises are given at the end of the chapters and they can be used by the Instructors as test questions and exercises.
     
    • Heavily Illustrated Text
    The text in this book is heavily illustrated with about 200 line diagrams and screen capture images.
     

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherCADCIM Technologies
    Release dateAug 10, 2017
    ISBN9781386851219
    Exploring Autodesk Revit Structure 2016
    Author

    Sham Tickoo

    Prof. Sham Tickoo is professor of Manufacturing Engineering at Purdue University Northwest, USA where he has taught design, drafting, CAD and other engineering courses for over nineteen years. Before joining Purdue University, Prof. Tickoo has worked as a machinist, quality control engineer, design engineer, engineering consultant, and software developer. He has received a US patent for his invention Self Adjusting Cargo Organizer for Vehicles. Professor Tickoo also leads the team of authors at CADCIM Technologies to develop world-class teaching and learning resources for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and related technologies.

    Read more from Sham Tickoo

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      revit_str_2016_web_Kindle.jpg

      Exploring Autodesk REVIT STRUCTURE 2016

      Includes Application of Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2016

      (6th Edition)

      CADCIM Technologies

      525 St. Andrews Drive

      Schererville, IN 46375, USA

      (www.cadcim.com)

      Contributing Author

      Sham Tickoo

      Professor

      Purdue University Calumet

      Hammond, Indiana, USA

      LOGO01.PCX

      Exploring Autodesk Revit Structure 2016, 6th Edition

      Sham Tickoo

      NOTICE TO THE READER

      Publisher does not warrant or guarantee any of the products described in the text or perform any independent analysis in connection with any of the product information contained in the text. Publisher does not assume, and expressly disclaims, any obligation to obtain and include information other than that provided to it by the manufacturer.

      The reader is expressly warned to consider and adopt all safety precautions that might be indicated by the activities herein and to avoid all potential hazards. By following the instructions contained herein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such instructions.

      The publisher makes no representation or warranties of any kind, including but not limited to, the warranties of fitness for particular purpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the reader’s use of, or reliance upon this material.

      www.cadcim.com

      CADCIM Technologies

      525 St Andrews Drive

      Schererville, Indiana 46375, USA

      www.cadcim.com

      Copyright © 2015 by CADCIM Technologies, USA. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976.

      No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in the database or retrieval system without the prior permission of CADCIM Technologies.

      ISBN 978-1-942689-07-2

      CADCIM Technologies

      DEDICATION

      To teachers, who make it possible to disseminate knowledge

      to enlighten the young and curious minds

      of our future generations

      To students, who are dedicated to learning new technologies

      and making the world a better place to live in

      SPECIAL RECOGNITION

      A special thanks to Mr. Denis Cadu and the ADN team of Autodesk Inc.

      for their valuable support and professional guidance to

      procure the software for writing this textbook

      THANKS

      To employees of CADCIM Technologies for their valuable help

      Online Training Program Offered by CADCIM Technologies

      CADCIM Technologies provides effective and affordable virtual online training on various software packages including Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM), computer programming languages, animation, architecture, and GIS. The training is delivered ‘live’ via Internet at any time, any place, and at any pace to individuals as well as the students of colleges, universities, and CAD/CAM training centers. The main features of this program are:

      Training for Students and Companies in a Classroom Setting

      Highly experienced instructors and qualified Engineers at CADCIM Technologies conduct the classes under the guidance of Prof. Sham Tickoo of Purdue University Calumet, USA. This team has authored several textbooks that are rated one of the best in their categories and are used in various colleges, universities, and training centers in North America, Europe, and in other parts of the world.

      Training for Individuals

      CADCIM Technologies with its cost effective and time saving initiative strives to deliver the training in the comfort of your home or work place, thereby relieving you from the hassles of traveling to training centers.

      Training Offered on Software Packages

      CADCIM Technologies provide basic and advanced training on the following software packages:

      CAD/CAM/CAE: CATIA, Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire, SolidWorks, Autodesk Inventor, Solid Edge, NX, AutoCAD, AutoCAD LT, Customizing AutoCAD, AutoCAD Electrical, EdgeCAM, and ANSYS

      Architecture and GIS: Autodesk Revit Architecture, AutoCAD Civil 3D, Autodesk Revit Structure, AutoCAD Map 3D, Autodesk Navisworks, and Autodesk Revit MEP, Bentley Staad.Pro, Oracle Primavera P6

      Animation and Styling: Autodesk 3ds Max, 3ds Max Design, Autodesk Maya, Autodesk Alias, Pixologic ZBrush, and CINEMA 4D

      Computer Programming: C++, VB.NET, Oracle, AJAX, and Java

      For more information, please visit the following link:

      http://www.cadcim.com

      Note

      If you are a faculty member, you can register by clicking on the following link to access the teaching resources: http://www.cadcim.com/Registration.aspx. The student resources are available at http://www.cadcim.com. We also provide Live Virtual Online Training on various software packages. For more information, write us at [email protected].

      Table of Contents

      Dedication iii

      Preface xiii

      Chapter 1: Introduction to Autodesk Revit Structure 2016

      Chapter 2: Getting Started with a Structural Project

      Chapter 3: Setting Up a Structural Project

      Chapter 4: Structural Columns and Walls

      Chapter 5: Foundations, Beams, Floors, and Open Web Joists

      Chapter 6: Editing Tools

      Chapter 7: Documenting Models and Creating Families

      Chapter 8: Standard Views, Details, and Schedules

      Chapter 9: 3D Views, Sheets, Analysis, Reinforcements, and Massing

      Chapter 10: Linking Revit Model with Robot Structural Analysis

      Student Project SP-1

      Index I-1

      Preface

      31223.jpg31224.jpg

      Autodesk Revit Structure 2016

      Autodesk Revit Structure is a Building Information Modeling software developed by Autodesk. This software is primarily used in structural engineering and it helps the users to design structural models using both parametric 3D modeling and 2D drafting elements. The Revit Structure building information model comprises of a physical representation of a building which is fully associated with analytical representation. The building information model in Revit Structure can be used for structural designing, production of drawings, coordination of the project, and also for third party structural analysis application.

      The Exploring Autodesk Revit Structure 2016 textbook explains the concepts and principles of Revit Structure through practical examples, tutorials, and exercises. This enables the users to harness the power of BIM with Autodesk Revit Structure 2016 for their specific use. In this textbook, the author emphasizes on physical modeling, analytical modeling, rebar modeling, and quantity scheduling. Also, this textbook covers the various stages involved in analyzing the model in Robot Structural Analysis software. This textbook is specially meant for professionals and students in structural engineering, civil engineering, and allied fields in the building industry.

      In this textbook, special emphasis has been laid on the concepts of structural modeling, which have been explained using relevant graphical examples and illustrations. The accompanying tutorials and exercises, which relate to the real world projects, help you understand the usage and abilities of the tools available in Autodesk Revit Structure. Along with the main text, the chapters have been punctuated with tips and notes to make various concepts clear, thereby enabling you to create your own innovative projects.

      As you go through this textbook, you will work on tutorials and exercises that can be used to build a complete project. Each of these tutorials and exercises, though complete in themselves, will be a step toward accomplishing the larger projects.

      The main features of this textbook are as follows:

      • Project-based Approach

      The author has adopted a project-based approach and the learn-by-doing theme throughout the textbook. This approach guides the users through the process of creating the designs given in the tutorials.

      • Real-World Designs as Projects

      The author has used real-world building designs and architectural examples as projects in this textbook so that the users can correlate them to the real-time designs.

      • Tips and Notes

      Additional information related to various topics is provided to the users in the form of tips and notes.

      • Learning Objectives

      The first page of every chapter summarizes the topics that are covered in that chapter.

      • Self-Evaluation Test, Review Questions, and Exercises

      The chapter ends with Self-Evaluation Test so that the users can assess their knowledge of the chapter. The answers to the Self-Evaluation Test are given at the end of the chapter. Also, the Review Questions and Exercises are given at the end of the chapters and they can be used by the Instructors as test questions and exercises.

      • Heavily Illustrated Text

      The text in this book is heavily illustrated with about 200 line diagrams and screen capture images.

      Formatting Conventions Used in the Textbook

      Please refer to the following list for the formatting conventions used in this textbook.

      • Names of tools, buttons, options, browser, palette, panels, and tabs are written in boldface.

      Example: The Beam tool, the Modify button, the Structure panel, the Home tab, Properties palette, Project Browser, and so on.

      • Names of dialog boxes, drop-downs, drop-down lists, list boxes, areas, edit boxes, check boxes, and radio buttons are written in boldface.

      • Values entered in edit boxes are written in boldface.

      Example: The Options dialog box, the Column drop-down in the Structure panel of the Structure tab, the Name edit box in the Name dialog box, the Chain check box in the Options Bar, and so on.

      Example: Enter 4’ in the Offset edit box.

      • The methods of invoking a tool/option from the ribbon, Application Menu, or the shortcut keys are given in a shaded box.

      Ribbon: Architecture > Build > Column drop-down > Structural Column

      Application Menu: New

      Shortcut Keys: CTRL+N

      • Names of the files saved are italicized.

      Example: c03_Industrial-Complex_tut2.rvt

      • When you select an element or a component, a contextual tab is displayed depending upon the entity selected. In this textbook, this contextual tab is referred to as Modify | (Elements / Components)

      Ribbon: Modify | (Elements / Components) > Modify > Move

      Shortcut Keys: MV

      Naming Conventions Used in the Textbook

      Tool

      If you click on an item in a panel of the ribbon and a command is invoked to create/edit an object or perform some action, then that item is termed as tool.

      For example:

      Beam tool, Structural Column tool, Isolated tool

      Filled Region tool, Trim/Extend to Corner tool, Rotate tool

      If you click on an item in a panel of the ribbon and a dialog box is invoked wherein you can set the properties to create/edit an object, then that item is also termed as tool, refer to Figure 1.

      For example:

      Load Family tool, Beam tool, Wall tool

      Structural Wall tool, Visibility/Graphics tool

      C0ST001.PCX

      Figure 1 Tools in the ribbon

      Button

      The item in a dialog box that has a 3d shape like a button is termed as button. For example, OK button, Cancel button, Apply button, and so on. If the item in a ribbon is used to exit a tool or a mode, it is also termed as button. For example, Modify button, Finish Edit Mode button, Cancel Edit Mode button, and so on; refer to Figure 2.

      C0ST002.PCX

      Figure 2 Choosing the Finish Edit Mode button

      Dialog Box

      In this textbook, different terms are used for referring to the components of a dialog box. Refer to Figure 3 for the terminology used.

      Drop-down

      A drop-down is one in which a set of common tools are grouped together for creating an object or performing some action. You can identify a drop-down with a down arrow on it. These drop-downs are given a name based on the tools grouped in them. For example, Wall drop-down, Component drop-down, Region drop-down, and so on; refer to Figure 4.

      C0TC004.PCX

      Figure 3 Components of a dialog box

      C0ST007.PCX

      Figure 4 Choosing a tool from the drop-down

      Drop-down List

      A drop-down list is the one in which a set of options are grouped together. You can set various parameters using these options. You can identify a drop-down list with a down arrow on it. For example, Type Selector drop-down list, Units drop-down list, and so on; refer to Figure 5.

      Options

      Options are the items that are available in shortcut menus, drop-down lists, dialog boxes, drop-down lists, and so on. For example, choose the Zoom In Region option from the shortcut menu displayed on right-clicking in the drawing area; refer to Figure 6.

      C0ST008.PCX

      Figure 5 Selecting an option from the Type Selector drop-down list

      C0TC006.PCX

      Figure 6 Choosing an option from the shortcut menu

      Free Companion Website

      It has been our constant endeavor to provide you the best textbooks and services at affordable price. In this endeavor, we have come out with a Free Companion website that will facilitate the process of teaching and learning of Autodesk Revit Structure 2016. If you purchase this textbook from our website (www.cadcim.com), you will get access to the files on the Companion website.

      The resources available for the faculty and students in this website are as follows:

      Faculty Resources

      • Technical Support

      You can get online technical support by contacting [email protected].

      • Instructor Guide

      Solutions to all review questions and exercises in the textbook are provided in this link to

      help the faculty members test the skills of the students.

      • PowerPoint Presentations

      The contents of the book are arranged in PowerPoint slides that can be used by the faculty

      for their lectures.

      • Revit Files

      The Revit files used in tutorials and exercises are available for free download.

      Student Resources

      • Technical Support

      You can get online technical support by contacting [email protected].

      • Revit Files

      The Revit files (.rvt) used in tutorials and examples are available for free download.

      • Learning Resources

      Additional learning resources at http://revitxperts.blogspot.com and http://youtube.com/cadcimtech.

      If you face any problem in accessing these files, please contact the publisher at [email protected] or the author at [email protected] or [email protected].

      Stay Connected

      You can now stay connected with us through Facebook and Twitter to get the latest information about our textbooks, videos, and teaching/learning resources. To get such updates, follow us on Facebook (www.facebook.com/cadcim) and Twitter (@cadcimtech). You can also subscribe to our YouTube channel (www.youtube.com/cadcimtech) to get the information about our latest video tutorials.

      Chapter 1

      Introduction to Autodesk Revit  Structure  2016

      Learning Objectives

      After completing this chapter, you will be able to:

      • Understand the basic concepts and principles of Revit Structure 2016

      • Understand various terms used in Revit Structure

      • Describe the parametric behavior of Revit Structure

      • Start the Revit Structure 2016 program

      • Understand the linking of Analytical Model to Analysis Software

      • Understand the interface of Revit Structure

      • Explain the concept of Worksharing using Revit Server

      • Access the Revit Structure 2016 Help

      • Work with BIM 360

      Introduction to Autodesk Revit Structure

      Welcome to the realm of Autodesk Revit Structure, a powerful software for structural engineering that provides purpose-built tools for structural design, engineering, and analysis.

      Autodesk Revit Structure is specifically built for Structural Engineers and Designers. This software provides the Engineers and Designers with tools for structural analysis and design. Revit Structure is a BIM software that helps the users in a project to coordinate the documentation of structural design with other disciplines of engineering. Its integrated parametric modeling technology is used to create the information model of a project and to collect and coordinate information across all its representations. In Autodesk Revit Structure, drawing sheets, 2D views, 3D views, and schedules directly represent the same building information model (BIM). In this software, the physical model is associated with an analytical model. As a result, the model created in Revit Structure is ready to be analyzed in a compatible structural analysis software, such as Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis. Using its parametric change engine, you can modify a design at any stage of its creation. The change in the project is automatically made and represented in all its views resulting in the development of better designs along with an improved coordination. The use of Autodesk Revit Structure provides a competitive advantage and a higher profitability to structural engineers and building industry professionals.

      Autodesk Revit Structure as a building Information modeler

      The history of computer aided design and documentation dates back to the early 1980s when architects and engineers began using this technology for documenting their projects. Realizing its advantages, information sharing capabilities were developed especially to share data with other consultants. This led to the development of object-based CAD systems in the early 1990s. Before the development of these systems, objects such as structural walls, beams, columns, and slabs were stored as a non-graphical data with the assigned graphics. These systems arranged the information logically but were unable to optimize its usage in a building project. Realizing the advantages of the solid modeling tools, the mechanical and manufacturing industry professionals began using the information modeling CAD technology. This technology enabled them to extract data based on the relationship between model elements.

      In 1997, a group of mechanical CAD technologists began working on a new software for the building industry. The Building Information Modeling (BIM) provided an alternative approach to building design, construction, and management. This approach, however, required a suitable technology to implement so as to reap its benefits. In such a situation, the use of parametric technology with the Building Information Modeling approach was envisaged as an ideal combination. They developed a software that was suitable for creating building projects. This led to the development of Autodesk Revit Structure.

      Autodesk Revit Structure is a structural design and documentation platform, in which a digital structural model is created using the parametric elements such as structural walls, beams, columns and so on. All building elements have inherent relationship with one another, which can be tracked, managed, and maintained by the computer.

      Basic Concepts and Principles

      Autodesk Revit Structure enables you to envisage and develop a structural model with actual 3D parametric structural elements. It provides a new approach to the structural design and the implementation process. It replicates the way structural engineers conceive the structure of a building. The 2D CAD platforms, such as AutoCAD, mostly use lines to represent the elements, as shown in Figure 1-1. However, in Autodesk Revit Structure, you can create the structural model of a building project using 3D elements such as structural floors, columns, beams, and so on, as shown in Figure 1-2.

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      Figure 1-1 The project created using 2D lines

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      Figure 1-2 A structural project created using parametric structural elements

      Using these 3D elements, you can visualize the structural project with respect to its scale, volume, and proportions. This enables you to study design alternatives and develop superior quality design solutions. Autodesk Revit Structure automates routine drafting and coordination tasks and assists in reducing errors in documentation. This in turn saves time, improves the speed of documentation, and lowers the cost for users.

      Understanding the Parametric Building Modeling Technology

      A project in Autodesk Revit Structure is created using the inbuilt parametric building elements. The term ‘parametric’ refers to the parameters that relate to various building elements. Some relationships are made by Autodesk Revit Structure itself and others by the user. For example, doors, which have an inherent parametric relationship with the structural walls cannot be created without first creating a host wall. A door always moves with the host wall. Similarly, floors too are parametrically linked to walls. When you move structural walls, the structural floor extents are also modified automatically. Each structural element has inbuilt bidirectional associativity with many other elements in the project.

      A building information model is created using different interdependent parametric building elements such as structural walls, beams, columns, structural floors, foundations, and so on. As they are bidirectionally associated elements, any change made in one element is automatically adopted by others. The integrated building information model created contains all data for a project. You can then create project presentation views such as structural plans, sections, elevations, and so on for documentation. As you modify the model while working in certain views, Autodesk Revit Structure’s parametric change engine automatically updates other views. This capability is, therefore, the underlying concept in Autodesk Revit Structure.

      Autodesk Revit Structure’s parametric change engine enables you to modify design elements at any stage of the project development. As changes are made immediately and automatically, it saves the time and effort of coordinating them in all other associated views, which, for most projects, is an inevitable part of the design process. Autodesk Revit Structure’s capability to coordinate between various aspects of the building design provides immense flexibility in the design and development process along with an error-free documentation.

      Autodesk Revit Structure also provides a variety of in-built parametric element libraries that can be selected and used to create a building model. It also provides you with the flexibility to modify the properties of these elements or to create your own parametric elements, based on the project requirement.

      Terms Used in Autodesk Revit Structure

      Before using Autodesk Revit Structure, it is important to understand the basic terms used for creating a building model. Various terms used in Autodesk Revit Structure such as project, level, category, family, type, and instance are described next.

      Autodesk Revit Structure Project

      A project in Autodesk Revit Structure is similar to an actual structural project. In an actual project, the entire documentation such as drawings, 3D views, specifications, schedules, cost estimates, and so on are inherently linked and read together. Similarly, in Autodesk Revit Structure, a project not only includes the digital 3D building model but also its parametrically associated documentation. Thus, all components such as the building model, its standard views, structural drawings, and schedules combine together to form a complete project. A project file contains all project information such as building elements used in a project, drawing sheets, schedules, cost estimates, 3D views, renderings, and so on. A project file also stores various settings such as environment, lighting, and so on. As data is stored in the same file, so it becomes easier for Autodesk Revit Structure to coordinate the entire database.

      Levels in a Building Model

      In Autodesk Revit Structure, a building model is divided into various levels. These levels may be understood as infinite horizontal planes that act as hosts for different elements such as roof, floor, ceiling, and so on. The defined levels in a building model can, in most cases, relate to different floor levels, or stories of the building project. Each element that you create belongs to a particular level.

      Subdivisions of Elements into Categories and Subcategories

      Apart from building elements, Autodesk Revit Structure project also contains other associated elements such as annotations, imported files, links, and so on. These elements have been divided into the following categories:

      Model Category : Consists of various structural elements used in creating a building

      model such as structural walls, structural floors, foundations, beams,

      braces, and columns.

      Annotation Category : Consists of annotations such as dimensions, text notes, tags, symbols,

      and so on

      Datum Category : Consists of datums such as levels, grids, reference planes, and so on

      View Category : Consists of interactive project views such as structural floor plans, elevations, sections, 3D views, and renderings

      In addition to these four categories, other categories such as Imported, Workset, Filter, and Revit Categories can also exist if the project has imported files, enabled worksets, or linked Autodesk Revit Structure projects, respectively.

      Families in Autodesk Revit Structure

      Another powerful concept in Autodesk Revit Structure is family. A family is described as a set of elements of the same category that can be grouped together based on certain common parameters or characteristics. Elements of the same family may have different properties, but they all have common characteristics. For example, Concrete-Rectangular-Column is a concrete column family, but it contains different sizes of columns. Family files have the .rfa extension. You can load additional building component families from the libraries provided in Autodesk Revit Structure package.

      Families are further divided into certain types. Type or family type, as it is called, is a specific size or style of a family. For example, Concrete-Rectangular-Column: 12 x 18 is a column type in Imperial system and M_Concrete-Rectangular-Column: 300 x 450mm in Metric system. All uses of the same family type in a project have the same properties. Family and family types can also be used to create new families using the Family Editor.

      Instances are the actual usage of model elements in a building model or annotations in a drawing sheet. A family type created in a new location is identified as an instance of the family type. All instances of the same family type have the same properties. Therefore, when you modify the properties of a family type, the properties of all its instances also get modified. The family categorization of Revit elements is given below:

      Model Category : Column

      Family : Concrete-Rectangular-Column in Imperial

      M_Concrete-Rectangular-Column in Metric

      Family type : 12 x 18 (300 x 450mm)

      Instance : Particular usage of a family type

      The hierarchy of building elements in Autodesk Revit Structure plays an important role in providing the flexibility and ease of managing a change in a building model. Figure 1-3 shows the hierarchy of categories and families in a typical Autodesk Revit Structure project.

      Autodesk Revit Elements

      Model Category

      Structural Floors

      Structural Walls

      Beams

      Columns

      Braces

      Foundations

      Annotation Category

      Text Notes

      Tags

      Dimensions

      Symbols

      Beam Annotations

      Datum Category

      Levels

      Reference Planes

      Grids

      View Category

      Structural Floor

      Plans

      Elevations

      Sections

      Callout views

      3D Views

      Creating a Structural Model Using Parametric Building Elements

      Another classification of categories of elements followed in Autodesk Revit Structure is based on their usage. Autodesk Revit Structure uses five classes of elements: Host, component, annotation, view, and datum. Hosts are the element categories that form the basic structure of a building model and include model elements such as structural walls and floors. Components are the elements that are added to the host elements or act as stand-alone elements such as doors, windows, and foundations. Annotations are the 2D, view-specific elements that add content to the project documentation such as dimensions, tags, text notes, and so on. Views represent various orientations of a building model such as plans, elevations, sections, 3D views, and so on. Datum refers to the reference elements that assist you in creating a building model. The reference elements which include grids, levels, reference planes, and so on.

      There is no specific methodology available for creating a building model in Autodesk Revit Structure. It provides you with the flexibility of generating the building geometry based on the project requirement, design complexity, and other factors. However, the following steps describe a general procedure that may be followed for creating an architectural building model using the built-in parametric elements provided in Autodesk Revit Structure.

      The first step is to define the levels of the structural model based on the story height of the building and then create grids for inserting columns and foundation at the lowest level. Next, add columns, foundation slab, structural wall, and foundations in that level. You can also link the control height of the structural walls and columns to the levels. Next, create framing members and floors using the defined levels. You can add loads to the model and define load conditions and various analytical settings for the model.

      After creating the structural analytical model, you will transfer it to Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis software and analyze the structural entities based on the loads applied to it. After performing the analysis and retrieving the design detail of the model, you will import the structural model from the analysis software into Autodesk Revit Structure. Next, you will create drawing sheets with the desired views for its presentation. You can also add reinforcements to the concrete elements in the structural model. Autodesk Revit Structure also provides tools to create rendered 3D views and walkthroughs. Figure 1-3 shows an example of a building elevation with various structural elements.

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      Figure 1-3 Building section showing building elements and levels

      Visibility/Graphics Overrides, Scale, and Detail Level

      Autodesk Revit Structure enables you to control the display and graphic representation of a single element or the element category of various elements in project views by using the visibility and graphics overrides tools. You can select a model category and modify its linetype and detail level. This can also be done for various annotation category elements and imported files. These settings can be done for each project view based on its desired representation. You can also hide an element or an element category in a view using the Hide in view and Isolate tools. You can override the graphic representation of an element or an element category in any view using the Visibility/ Graphics tool.

      The scale is an important concept in a Revit project. You can set the scale from the available list of standard scales such as 1/16=1’0, 1/4=1’0, 1=1’0, 1/2=1’0 (for Imperial) and 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10 (for Metric). As you set a scale, Autodesk Revit Structure automatically sets the detail level that is appropriate for it. There are three detail levels provided in an Autodesk Revit Structure project: Coarse, Medium, and Fine. You can also set the detail level manually for each project view. Each detail level has an associated linetype and the detail lines associated with it. The details of annotations such as dimensions, tags, and so on, are also defined by the selected scale.

      Extracting Project Information

      A single integrated building information is used to create and represent a building project. You can extract project information from a building model and create area schemes, schedule, and cost estimates, and then add them to the project presentation.

      Autodesk Revit Structure also enables you to export the extracted database to the industry standard Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) compliant relational database tables. The use of the building information model to extract database information eliminates the error-prone method of measuring building spaces individually.

      Creating a Structural Drawing Set

      After creating the building model, you can easily arrange the project views by plotting them on the drawing sheets. Drawing sheets can also be organized in a project file based on the established CAD standards followed by the firm. In this manner, the project documentation can easily be transformed from the conceptual design stage to the design development stage and finally to the construction document stage. The project view on a drawing sheet is only a graphical representation of the building information model. Therefore, any modification made in it is immediately updated in all the associated project views, thereby keeping the drawing sets updated.

      Creating an Unusual Building Geometry

      Autodesk Revit Structure also helps you conceptualize a building project in terms of its volume, shape, and proportions before working with actual building elements. This is possible by using the Massing tool, which enables you to create quick 3D models of buildings and conduct volumetric and proportion study on overall masses. It also enables you to visualize and create an unusual building geometry. The same massing model can then be converted into a building model with individual parametric building elements. It provides continuity in the generation of building model right from sketch design to its development.

      Flexibility of Creating Special Elements

      Autodesk Revit Structure provides a large number of in-built family types of various model elements and annotations. Each parametric element has the associated properties that can be modified based on the project requirement.

      Autodesk Revit Structure also enables you to create the elements that are designed specifically for a particular location. The in-built family editor enables you to create new elements using family templates. This provides you with the flexibility of using in-built elements for creating your own elements. For example, using the furniture template, you can create a reception desk that is suitable for a particular location in the design.

      Creating Structural Layouts

      Autodesk Revit Structure’s structural tools enable you to add structural elements to a building model. An extensive in-built library of structural elements has been provided in Autodesk Revit Structure. You can add structural columns, beams, walls, braces, and so on to the project. Thus, structural consultants can also incorporate their elements in the basic architectural building model and check for inconsistency, if any.

      Working on Large Projects

      In Autodesk Revit Structure, you can work on large projects by linking different building projects together. For a large project that consists of a number of buildings, you can create individual buildings as separate projects and then link all of them into a single base file. The database recognizes the linked projects and includes them in the project representation of the base file.

      For example, while working on a large educational institution campus, you can create separate project files for academic building, administration area, gymnasium, cafeteria, computer centre, and so on, and then link them into the base site plan file. In this manner, large projects can be subdivided and worked upon simultaneously.

      Working in Large Teams and Coordinating with Consultants

      Worksets, in Autodesk Revit Structure, enable the division of the building model into small editable set of elements. The worksets can be assigned to different teams working on the same project and then their work can easily be coordinated in the central file location. The effort required to coordinate, collaborate, and communicate the changes between various worksets is taken care of by computer. Various consultants working on a project can be assigned a workset with a set of editable elements. They can then incorporate their services and modify the associated elements.

      For example, a high rise commercial building project can be divided into different worksets with independent teams working on exterior skin, interior walls, building core, toilet details, finishes, and so on. The structural consultants can be assigned the exterior skin and the core workset, in which they can incorporate structural elements. Similarly, the rest of the teams can work independently on different worksets.

      Starting Autodesk Revit Structure 2016

      You can start Autodesk Revit Structure by double-clicking on the Revit Structure 2016icon on the desktop. Alternatively, you can choose the Start button at the lower left corner of the screen (default position) in the taskbar and then choose All Programs > Autodesk > Revit Structure 2016 > Revit Structure 2016, as shown in Figure 1-4; the interface will be displayed, as shown in Figure 1-5. Note that this path is used in the Windows 7 operating system.

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      Figure 1-4 Starting Autodesk Revit Structure 2016 using the taskbar

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      Figure 1-5 The interface of Autodesk Revit Structure 2016 displayed

      Note

      The path for starting Autodesk Revit Structure depends on the operating system being used.

      The screen interface has three sections: Projects, Families, and Resources. The options in the Projects section are used to open a new or an existing project. The options in the Families section are used to open a new or an existing family. You can also invoke the Conceptual Mass environment from this section to create a conceptual mass model. If you choose the Autodesk Seek option from the Families section, you will be directed to the http://seek.autodesk.com/localeTaxBrowse.htm?category=en_us:adsk:revit-str&locale=en-us& globaldd=globaldropdown.option.b link and the AUTODESK® REVIT STRUCTURE WEB LIBRARY - US EDITION page will open. From this page, you can download various components for your project.

      In the Resources section, you can choose the What’s New? option to get information about the new tools and features in Autodesk Revit Structure 2016. In addition, you can choose the Help option from the Resources section. On doing so, you will be directed to the link http://help.autodesk.com/view/RVT/2016/ENU. Also, the Autodesk Revit 2016 Help page with the Welcome to Revit 2016 Learning area will be displayed. In the left of this page, the Contents and the Search tab will be displayed. To access information related to additions and enhancements in Revit 2016 release, you can expand the What’s New node from the Contents tab and then choose the New in Revit 2016 link. On doing so, the New in Revit 2016 page will be displayed with various links. You can know about various enhancements through these links.

      In the Resources section, you can choose the Essential Skills Videos option to view the videos related to basic and advance concepts in Autodesk Revit Structure 2016. These videos and their associated information help you to learn about the complete software. Moreover, you can choose the Exchange Apps option to access various add-ons that can be used to enhance the productivity of Revit. On choosing this option, the AUTODESK EXCHANGE| APPS page will be displayed. In this page, various links are available as add-ons which can be used in Revit applications. In the Revit Community option of the Resources section, you can access information related to various communities and their contribution in the form of articles, tutorials, and videos.

      In the Projects section, choose the Open option; the Open dialog box will be displayed. Browse to the desired location in the dialog box and select the file. Now, choose the Open button to open the file.

      To open a new project file, choose the New option from the Projects section. Alternatively, choose New > Project from the Application Menu; the New Project dialog box will be displayed. In this dialog box, make sure that the Project radio button is selected, and then choose the OK button; a new project file will open and the interface screen is activated.

      User Interface

      In Autodesk Revit Structure, the user interface consists of the ribbon, Drawing Area, Properties palette, Status Bar, and the View Control Bar, as shown in Figure 1-6. In Autodesk Revit Structure, ribbon is an interface from where you can invoke tools. The ribbon, which contains task-based tabs and panels, streamlines the structural workflow and optimizes the project delivery time. In Autodesk Revit Structure, when you select an element in the drawing area, the ribbon displays a contextual tab that comprises of tools corresponding to the selected element. The interface of Autodesk Revit Structure is similar to the interfaces of many other Microsoft Windows-based programs. The main parts in the Revit interface are discussed next.

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      Figure 1-6 The Autodesk Revit Structure 2016 user interface

      Title Bar

      The Title Bar, docked on the top portion of the user interface, displays the program’s logo, name of the current project, and the view opened in the viewing area. Project 1- Structural Plan: Level 1 is the default project name and view.

      Ribbon

      The ribbon, as shown in Figure 1-7, is an interface that is used to invoke tools. When you open a file, the ribbon is displayed at the top in the screen. It comprises task-based tabs and panels, refer to Figure 1-7, which provide all the tools necessary for creating a project. The tabs and panels in the ribbon can be customized according to the need of the user. This can be done by moving the panels and changing the view states of the ribbon (the method of changing the ribbon view state is discussed later in this chapter). The ribbon contains buttons, drop-downs, panels, tabs, and tools. These buttons and the tools can be selected from the corresponding panels.

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      Figure 1-7 Different components of a ribbon

      Tip: Tooltips appear when you place the cursor over any of the tool icons in the ribbon. The name of the tool appears in a box helping you in identifying the tool icon.

      In the ribbon, you can move a panel and place it anywhere on the screen. To do so, press and hold the left mouse button on the panel label in the ribbon, and then drag the panel to a desired place on the screen. Next, use the tools of the moved panel and place the panel back in the ribbon. To do so, place the cursor on the moved panel and choose the Return Panels to Ribbon button from the upper right corner of this panel, as shown in Figure 1-8; the panel will return to the ribbon.

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      Figure 1-8 Choosing the Return Panels to Ribbon button

      Changing the View States of the Ribbon

      The ribbon can be displayed in three view states by selecting any of the following four options: Minimize to Tabs, Minimize to Panel Titles, Minimize to Panel Buttons, and Cycle through All. To use these options, place the cursor over the second arrow on the right of the Modify tab in the ribbon, refer to Figure 1-9; the arrow will be highlighted. Next, click on the down arrow; a flyout will be displayed, as shown in Figure 1-10. From this flyout, you can choose the Minimize to Tabs option to display the only tabs in the ribbon. If you choose the Minimize to Panel Titles option, the ribbon will display the titles of the panels along with the tabs. You can choose the Minimize to Panel Buttons option to display panels as buttons in the ribbon along with tabs.

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      Figure 1-9  Various options in the flyout for changing the view state of the ribbon

      Note

      If the ribbon is changed to a different view state, then on placing the cursor over the first arrow on the right of the Modify tab, the Show Full Ribbon tooltip will be displayed. Click on the arrow; the full ribbon will be displayed.

      The table given next describes various tabs in the ribbon and their functions.

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