Diplopia (Double Vision), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
By Kenneth Kee
5/5
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About this ebook
Diplopia (double vision) is a medical symptom where a patient sees two images of one object.
Double and blurred vision is frequently believed to be the same but they are not.
In blurred vision, the single image seen by one eye is not clear.
It can either happen as:
1. Monocular diplopia when one eye is covered
In monocular diplopia, possible causes are:
a. Uncorrected refractive errors,
Light from an object is split into two images by a defect in the eye's optical system.
b. Corneal disorders: e.g., warped cornea
c. Cataracts: Cataracts might, for example, cause such a defect.
d. Retinal disorders.
e. Dry eye
2. Binocular diplopia when both eyes are open.
Binocular diplopia develops due to misalignment of the eyes.
Many different causes for double vision begin in the brain:
a. Strokes
b. Aneurysms
c. Raised pressure pressing on the brain from injury, hemorrhage or infection
d. Brain tumors
e. Migraine headaches
Temporary diplopia can be due to alcohol intoxication or head trauma such as concussion.
If temporary double vision does not resolve quickly, an ophthalmologist is seen immediately.
It can also be an adverse effect of:
1. The anti-epileptic drugs Phenytoin and Zonisamide,
2. The anti-convulsant drug Lamotrigine,
3. The hypnotic drug Zolpidem
4. The dissociative drugs Ketamine and Dextromethorphan
Temporary diplopia can also be due to tired and strained eye muscles.
Diplopia also may occur from failure of both eyes to point at the object being observed, a condition referred to as ocular misalignment.
In normal vision, both eyes look at the same object.
The images seen by both eyes are fused into a single picture by the brain.
If the eyes do not point at the same object, the image seen by each eye is not the same and cannot be fused.
This results in double vision.
Double vision that is new or unexplained needs immediate medical attention.
It is important to discover the reason without delay with so many potentially dangerous causes for double vision.
The doctor will most likely use multiple ways to diagnose the cause for double vision.
One of the most effective tools in diagnosing diplopia is the medical history.
The diagnosis of a diplopic patient requires a meticulous history and the posing of questions pertinent to the position of double images in various positions of gaze:
1. The diplopia is monocular or binocular
2. The images are horizontal or vertical
CT scans of the orbit can exclude diplopia secondary to thyroid eye disorder and orbital tumors.
Treatment of double vision is dependent on the underlying cause and may consist of eye patching, prisms, eye exercises, surgical straightening of the eye, or a combination of these options.
Therapy is aimed at realigning the misaligned eye where possible without surgery and re-stimulating the part of the visual system to the brain that is not working correctly.
Certain rare causes of diplopia may be treated with medication
Myasthenia gravis can be treated with medications.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Diplopia (Double Vision)
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Lazy Eye
Chapter 8 Cataract
Epilogue
Kenneth Kee
Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"
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Diplopia (Double Vision), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee
Diplopia
(Double Vision),
A
Simple
Guide
To
The Condition,
Diagnosis,
Treatment
And
Related Conditions
By
Dr Kenneth Kee
M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)
Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)
Copyright Kenneth Kee 2015 Smashwords Edition
Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com
Dedication
This book is dedicated
To my wife Dorothy
And my children
Carolyn, Grace
And Kelvin
This book describes the Diplopia (Double Vision), Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions or in vernacular terms
(What You need to treat Diplopia)
This eBook is licensed for the personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.
If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.
Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
Introduction
I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Condition) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.
My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.
Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).
I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.
This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale
was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions
into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale
on http://ken-med.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 600 amazon kindle books and some into Smashwords.com eBooks.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical conditions.
The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.
Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.
As I tried to bring you the latest information about a condition or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.
Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.
I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.
I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.
I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.
Chapter 1
Diplopia
What is Diplopia?
Diplopia (double vision) is a medical symptom where a patient sees two images of one object.
Double and blurred vision is frequently believed to be the same but they are not.
In blurred vision, the single image seen by one eye is not clear.
It can either happen as:
1. Monocular diplopia when one eye is covered
In monocular diplopia, possible causes are:
a. Uncorrected refractive errors,
Light from an object is split into two images by a defect in the eye's optical system.
b. Corneal disorders: e.g., warped cornea
c. Cataracts: Cataracts might, for example, cause such a defect.
d. Retinal disorders.
e. Dry eye
2. Binocular diplopia when both eyes are open.
Binocular diplopia develops due to misalignment of the eyes.
What Causes Double Vision?
Opening the eyes and seeing a single, clear image is something every one probably takes for granted.
This seemingly automatic process is dependent on the combination of different parts of the visual system.
They all are required to work together seamlessly:
1. The cornea is the clear window into the eye.
It aids the focusing of incoming light.
2. The lens is behind the pupil.
It also will focus light onto the retina.
3. Muscles of the eye (extra ocular muscles) move